• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 1990

Serum CA 125 was measured with immunoradiometric assay in fourty-one patients of endometriosis Serum CA 125 levels (Mean ${\pm}$ SEM, U/ml)in patients with endometriosis were 13.8${\pm}$3.3 in stage I , 17.3${\pm}$3.0 in stage II, 23.4${\pm}$4.9 in stage III, and 64.5${\pm}$13.2 in stage IV, which showed increment according to the stage of endometriosis. Serum levels in stage IV only were significantly elvated than those in control (15.3${\pm}$2.2), and those in advanced stage(III and IV ; 47.1${\pm}$9.5)were significantly higher than those in earlier stages (15.9${\pm}$2.2)and control. The assay revealed a sensitivity of 31.7% and the frequency of elevated levels (> 30.3 U/ml)in stage I, II, III and IV was 9. 1%, 18.8%,33.3%, and 87.5% respectively. Sensitivity in advanced stage was higher than that in earlier stage (64.3% vs. 14.8%). There data suggest that serum CA 125 assay might be a useful diagnostic tool in the advanced stage of endometriosis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.533-538
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• 2006

Removal of $NO_x$ on $CaO/TiO_2$ photocatalyst manufactured by the addition of $Ca(OH)_2$ was measured in relation with the amount of $Ca(OH)_2$ and calcination temperature. In case of pure $TiO_2$, the $NO_x$ removal decreased greatly with the increase of calcination temperature from $500^{\circ}C\;to\;700^{\circ}C$, whereas in the photocatalyst added with $Ca(OH)_2$, the removed amount of $NO_x$ was high and constant regardless of calcination temperature. Considering $NO_x$ removal patterns depending on the amount of $Ca(OH)_2$ added(50, 30, 10wt%), high removal rate showed at the photocatalysts containing less than 30wt% of $Ca(OH)_2$, and it was about 30% higher than that of pure $TiO_2$. From the XRD patterns, it is seen that the addition of $Ca(OH)_2$ contributes to maintaining the anatase structure that is favourable to photocatalysis. It also indicates that the possibility of the formation of calcium titanate($CaTiO_3$) by reacting with $TiO_2$ above $700^{\circ}C$. Apart from the favourable crystalline structure, the addition of $Ca(OH)_2$ helped increase the alkalinity of photocatalyst surface, thus promoting the photooxidation reaction of $NO_x$.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.382-387
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• 2015

The dispersion of calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) in polypropylene (PP) and the effect of $CaCO_3$ size on the crystallinity of PP were studied. Polymer composite usually suffers from the brittleness when reinforced with inorganic fillers. The problem is generally related to the size and dispersion of fillers. First, the dispersion was studied for the nanosize $CaCO_3$ with 15~40 nm average diameter. To enhance the dispersibility in PP, the surface of the $CaCO_3$ was treated with sodium lignosulfonate (SLS). $CaCO_3$/PP composites were prepared via melt compounding. The $CaCO_3$ coated with more than 3 wt% SLS was uniformly distributed within the PP matrix, while the uncoated $CaCO_3$ formed aggregated structures in the PP. Even with 30 wt%, the SLS-$CaCO_3$ was well dispersed in the PP matrix. Also, the transition enthalpy of $CaCO_3$/PP increased and the full-width of half maximum of the crystallization peak decreased regardless of SLS coating and size of $CaCO_3$. However, the crystallinity of PP was more influenced by nano $CaCO_3$. These results imply that the nano $CaCO_3$ coated with SLS may reduce the brittleness of polymer composites.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.21
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• pp.59-72
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• 2007

The relationship between soluble salts and microbial growth on stone surface was investigated. Samples from deteriorated surface layers of several stone monuments were collected, and the soluble salts in samples were chemically analysed. According to the results of chemical analyses, $Na_2SO_4$, $CaSO_4$ $2H_2O$, and NaCl and so on were added to isolation media. As a result of preliminary experiments, 15 bacteria were selected. They are all Gram positives and fourteen of them were rods. Every bacteria could grow not only in media without salts, but also in media with $CaCO_3$, $CaSO_4$ $2H_2O$, and $Ca(OH)_2$. Three bacteria, Bl6, B56, and B6l, secreted viscous substances in these $Ca^{2+}$ added media. $CaCl_2$ $2H_2O$ was the most hygroscopic among 11 soluble salts, but it seemed to interfere with bacterial growth. Ammonium ion was the inhibitor, too.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.363-368
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• 2014

Determination of the cause of malignant pleural effusions is important for treatment and management, especially in cases of unknown primaries. There are limited biomarkers available for prediction of the cause of malignant pleural effusion in clinical practice. Hence, we evaluated pleural levels of five tumor biomarkers (CEA, AFP, CA125, CA153 and CA199) in predicting the cause of malignant pleural effusion in a retrospective study. Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U tests were carried out to compare levels of tumor markers in pleural effusion among different forms of neoplasia - lung squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or small cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, breast cancer, lymphoma/leukemia and miscellaneous. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in levels of pleural effusion CEA (P<0.01), AFP (P<0.01), CA153 (P<0.01) and CA199 (P<0.01), but not CA125 (P>0.05), among the seven groups. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that, compared with other four tumor markers, CA153 was the best biomarker in diagnosing malignant pleural effusions of lung adenocarcinoma (area under curve (AUC): 0.838 (95%confidence interval: 0.787, 0.888); cut-off value: 10.2U/ml; sensitivity: 73.2% (64.4-80.8)%, specificity: 85.2% (77.8-90.8)%), lung squamous cell carcinoma (AUC: 0.716 (0.652, 0.780); cut-off value: 14.2U/ml; sensitivity: 57.6% (50.7-64.3)%, specificity: 91.2% (76.3-98.0)%), and small-cell lung cancer (AUC: 0.812 (0.740, 0.884); cut-off value: 9.7U/ml; sensitivity: 61.5% (55.0-67.8)%, specificity: 94.1% (71.2-99.0)%); CEA was the best biomarker in diagnosing MPEs of mesothelioma (AUC: 0.726 (0.593, 0.858); cut-off value: 1.43ng/ml; sensitivity: 83.7% (78.3-88.2)%, specificity: 61.1% (35.8-82.6)%) and lymphoma/leukemia (AUC: 0.923 (0.872, 0.974); cut-off value: 1.71ng/ml; sensitivity: 82.8% (77.4-87.3)%, specificity: 92.3% (63.9-98.7)%). Thus CA153 and CEA appear to be good biomarkers in diagnosing different causes of malignant pleural effusion. Our findings implied that the two tumor markers may improve the diagnosis and treatment for effusions of unknown primaries.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

Major ions and nitrogen isotopic analyses were performed to determine the geochemical characters and to identify the source of nitrate of the shallow groundwater around agricultural field in the Youngdong area. The pH value of groundwater ranges from 60. to 8.2 (pH 7.2, mean). The average of EC, Eh and DO is 369 ${\mu}S/cm$ (70~729 ${\mu}S/cm$), 165.6 mV (29~383.2 mV), 4.3 mg/L (1.8~8.0 mg/L) respectively. The ion concentraion of groundwater was in the order of $Ca^{2+}$>$Na^{2+}$>$Mg^{2+}$>$K^{2+}$ and ${HCO_3}^-$>${NO_3}^-$>${SO_4}^{2-}$>$Cl^-$>$F^-$. Most of groundwater is Ca-$HCO_3$ type. The groundwater was affected by water-rock interaction in the shallow depth. Some groundwater is Ca-Cl or Na-$HCO_3$ (2.5%) type that was due to agricultural activities. The $NO_3$_N concetration of grondwater range from 10.2 mg/l to 26.9 mg/l, which show that this area is under nitrate pollution. ${\delta}^{15}N-NO_3$ value of the groundwater is the origins of are a combination of animal wastes and man-made fertilizers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.166-166
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• 2013

최근에 희토류 이온이 도핑된 형광체를 발광 소자, 레이저, 섬광재료, 광섬유, 촉매, 디스플레이와 같은 다양한 분야에 응용하기 위한 연구에 상당한 관심이 집중되고 있으며, 희토류 이온이 도핑된 발광 물질은 음극선관, 램프 조명, 플라즈마 디스플레이, X선 검출기, 전계 방출 디스플레이 소자를 포함한 다양한 영역에 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고상 반응법을 사용하여 발광 효율이 높은 적색과 주황색 형광체를 제조하고자 서로 다른 활성체 이온 Eu3+, Sm3+의 농도를 변화 시키면서 두 종류 Ca1-1.5xTa2O6:Eux3+와 Ca1-1.5xTa2 O6:Smx3+ 형광체 분말을 합성하였다. 특히, 활성제 이온의 농도비에 따른 형광체 분말의 결정 구조, 표면 형상, 입자의 크기, 흡광과 발광 특성을 측정하였다. 그림은 활성체 이온의 함량비를 달리하여 합성한 Ca1-1.5xTa2O6:Eux3+, Ca1-1.5xTa2O6:Smx3+ 형광체 분말에서 측정한 흡광(photoluminescence excition) 스펙트럼의 결과를 나타낸 것이다. 여기 파장 399 nm로 여기 시킨 Ca1-1.5xTa2O6:Eux3+ 형광체 분말의 경우에, 발광 세기가 가장 강한 617 nm의 주 피크가 관측되었다. 또한, 여기 파장 410 nm로 여기 시킨 Ca1-1.5xTa2O6:Smx3+ 형광체 분말의 경우에는 발광 세기가 가장 강한 주 피크는 609 nm에서 나타났다. 실험 결과로부터, Eu3+와 Sm3+ 이온이 각각 도핑된 CaTa2O6 형광체의 경우에는 색 순도가 높은 파장과 발광 세기는 Eu3+ 이온인 경우에 0.15 mol, Sm3+ 이온이 도핑되는 경우에는 0.05 mol이 최적의 합성 조건임을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.42-45
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• 2001

$(Ba_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Ca_{x})TiO_{3}+yZrO_{2}$ wt% (x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20, y=0.5~3.0) specimens were fabricated by the mixed-oxide method and then the structural and dielectric properties as a function of the composition ratio and $ZrO_2$ contents were studied. All BSCT specimens showed dense and homogeneous structure without the presence of the seconds phase. The Curie temperature and the dielectric constant at room temperature decreased with increasing the Ca/Ba composition ratio and $ZrO_2$ content. The BSCT(50/40/10) specimens showed the excellent tunability property. And the tunability were increased with increasing the contents of $ZrO_2$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.42-45
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• 2001

(Ba$_{0.6-x}$Sr$_{0.4}$Ca$_{x}$)TiO$_3$+yZrO$_2$wt% (x=1.10, 0.15, 0.20, y=0.5~3.0) specimens were fabricated by the mixed and ZrO$_2$ contents were studied. All BSCT specimens contents were studied. All BSCT specimens showed dense and homogeneous structure without the presence of the seconds phase. The Curie temperature and the dielectric constant at room temperature decreased with increasing the Ca/Ba composition ratio and ZrO$_2$ content. The BSCT(50/40/10) specimens showed the excellent tunability property. And the tunability were increased with increasing the contents of ZrO$_2$./TEX>.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.182-182
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• 1996

Annexin I is a member of the annexin family of calcium dependent phospholipid binding proteins and has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting phospholipase A$_2$ (PLA$_2$). Recent X-ray crystallographic study of annexin I identified six Ca$\^$2+/ binding bites, which was different types (type II, III) from the well-known EF-hand motif (type I). In this work, the structure of annexin I was studied at atomic level by using $^1$H, $\^$15/N and $\^$l3/C NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, and the effect of Ca$\^$2+/ binding on the structure of annexin I was studied, and compared with that of Mg$\^$2+/ binding, When Ca$\^$2+/ was added to annexin I, NMR peak change was occured in high- and low-field regions of $^1$H-NMR spectra. NMR peak change by Ca$\^$2+/ binding was different from that by Mg$\^$2+/ binding. Because annexin I is a larger protein with 35 kDa molecular weight, site-specific (amide-$\^$15/N, carbonyl-$\^$l3/C) labeling technique was also used. We were able to detect methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine peaks respectively in $\^$13/C-NMR spectra, and each residue was able to be assigned by the method of doubly labeling annexin I with [$\^$13/C] carbonyl-amino acid and [$\^$15/N] amide-amino acid. In $\^$l3/C-NMR spectra of [$\^$13/C] carbonyl-Met labeled annexin I, we observed that methionine residues spatially located near Ca$\^$2+/ binding Sites Were Significantly effected by Ca$\^$2+/ binding. From UV spectroscopic data on the effect of Ca$\^$2+/ binding, we knew that Ca$\^$2+/ binding sites of annexin I have cooperativity in Ca$\^$2+/ binding. The interaction of annexin I with PLA$_2$ also could be detected by using heteronuclear NMR spctroscopy. Consequently, we expect that the anti-inflammatory action mechanism of annexin I may be a specific protein-protein interaction. The residues involved in the interaction with PLA$_2$ can be identified as active site by assigning NMR peaks effected by PLA$_2$ binding.