• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2008

Studies were processed to confirm the differences of productivity according to sawdust size and effect of additives for sawdust cultivation of shiitake. In results of investigation until shiitake mycelia fully spread on surface of sawdust medium, mycelial growth in treatment of sawdust size $3{\sim}5\;mm$ with $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$, and treatment of sawdust sizw $3{\sim}5\;mm$ without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was the fastest. And, in investigation of rate of weight reduction, treatment of sawdust size below 1 mm without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was the highest. The tendency of fruiting was somewhat different according to treatments. In case of sawdust size below 1 mm with $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$, yield produced from 1st to 2nd flushing period was over 80%. However, in case of sawdust size below 1 mm plus $5{\sim}7\;mm$ without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$, yield produced from 3rd to 4th flushing period was more than it from 1st to 2nd flushing period and rate of yield produced from 1st to 2nd flushing period to total yield was 34%. Results of investigation on productivity, yield and the number of fruit-bodies were remarkably different according to treatments. Sawdust size $3{\sim}5\;mm$ with $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$, whose total yield and the number of fruit-bodies were 568 g and 67, respectively, was the highest. And, total yield of medium of sawdust size below 1 mm plus $2{\sim}3\;mm$ without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was lowest as 227 g and the number of fruit-bodies of medium of sawdust size below 1 mm plus $5{\sim}7\;mm$ without $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was lowest as 24. In investigation on amount of fruit-bodies over 10 g, medium of sawdust size $3{\sim}5\;mm$ with $CaCO_3$ and $KNO_3$ was highest as 397 g.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate the bioavailabilities and the digestibilities of oligopeptide chelated (peptide-Ca), anchovy bone (anchovy-Ca) and methionine hydroxyl analogue (MHA-Ca) calcium compared to those of calcium carbonate in rats. In exp1, $CaCO_3$, were added to the basal diet at level of 0, 30 and 60% calcium of the AIN-93G diet. In test groups, peptide-Ca, anchovy-Ca and MHA-Ca, were added to the basal diet to provide calcium at the level of 40% of AIN-93G. In exp1, the bioavailabilities were evaluated from the regression equation of the ratios of theological/ actual calcium intakes of each dietary treatment. In exp2, urine and feces was to evaluate the true- and apparent digestibility and apparent retention. In exp1, Ca-60% group had higher bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone breaking strength (BBS) than those of the other standard groups. The bone weight and ash content of the peptide-Ca and anchovy-Ca groups were significantly higher than those of the MHA-Ca. Bone calcium content were not significantly different from the test group. The bioavailability of the MHA-Ca group was shown higher BMD (71%), BS (38%) and BBS (27%) compared to another control group. But the regression coefficient for BMD, BS and BBS were lower compare with that of bone ash and BMC. In exp2, the true- and apparent digestibility of test groups were shown to over 90%. Peptide-Ca was not significantly different from other test group, but digestibility and retention were higher compare to other test groups. In conclusion, peptide-Ca, anchovy-Ca and MHA-Ca improved Ca bioavailability in the rats. The compounds were higher Ca digestibility compared with those of $CaCO_3$. It is assumed that difference of digestibility for test groups may be correlated to the bioavailability of test groups in BMD, BMC, BS, BBS and bone ash respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2001

The experiment was conducted to investigate the agricultural utility of macro-porous calcium-silicate rnineral(CellCaSi) as topsoil mixture, as well as to estimate as a soil conditioner. The bulk density of CellCaSi which is consisted of various particle sizes ranging from 1mm to 3.35mm was about $0.42g/cm^3$, and its maximum porosity was approximately 81.4%. We also investigate gerrnination rates for Cabbage and Lettuce to obtain the suitable mixing ratios of CellCaSi with topsoil. Among 4 different mixing ratios, the germination rates of ropsoil mixed with 10% of CellCaSi were 94.1% and 64.6% for Cabbage and Lettuce, respectively resulted in the mosr suitable for germination. The growth rates for Cabbage and Lettuce showed thar 10% and 20% of CellCaSi treatments signification influenced the fresh weight. To observe the adsorption capacity of CellCaSi, CellCaSi was treated with a chemical fertlizer(N:P:K=18:18:18). lncreasing the contents of N, P and K, the amounts of adsorption by CellCaSi for these element also increased. The most suitable types nutrient resources for growth condition of Cabbage, and Lettuce were Fer-1 and Fer-0.5.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.539-546
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Ca-gluconate (Ca-glu) on fruit firmness and softening enzyme activities of hydroponically grown tomato (Solanium esculentum Mill.). The obtained results revealed that the rate of weight loss was markedly increased from at storage to 5 days after storage (DAS) in control, and was constantly increased until 7 DAS as 4.1% in Ca-glu treatment. Fruit firmness was more rapidly decreased in Ca-glu induced fruit compared to control. Results showed that fruit firmness in control and Ca-glu treated fruit were 0.67 and $0.95kg{\cdot}{\varphi}12mm^{-1}$, respectively. In our investigation, no difference was revealed in Hunter's 'a' value between control and Ca-glu treated fruit. Total carotenoids content of control fruit were rapidly increased while the Ca-glu treated fruit were gently increased. Lycopene content was higher ($63.3{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$) in control than Ca-glu treatment ($56.8{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$). The activity of Polygalacturonase (PG) was rapidly increased with increasing storage period as from 0.4 to 1.2 units whereas the PG activity of Ca-glu treatment was gently increased from 1 to 7 DAS, and rapidly increased from 7 to 11 DAS. However, the pectinesterase (PE) activity was rapidly increased in control fruit, when the storage period was increased, but interestingly, the Ca-glu treated fruit was slowly increased from 1 to 7 DAS, and rapidly increased 7to 11 DAS. ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity of Ca-glu induced fruit was rapidly increased from 1 to 7 DAS as from 1.6 to 3.0 units, and gently increased from 7 to 11 DAS. ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity of control were higher than Ca-glu treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2015

Wnk kinase maintains cell volume, regulating various transporters such as sodium-chloride cotransporter, potassium-chloride cotransporter, and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) through the phosphorylation of oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) and STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK). However, the activating mechanism of Wnk kinase in specific tissues and specific conditions is broadly unclear. In the present study, we used a human salivary gland (HSG) cell line as a model and showed that $Ca^{2+}$ may have a role in regulating Wnk kinase in the HSG cell line. Through this study, we found that the HSG cell line expressed molecules participating in the WNK-OSR1-NKCC pathway, such as Wnk1, Wnk4, OSR1, SPAK, and NKCC1. The HSG cell line showed an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) increase in response to hypotonic stimulation, and the response was synchronized with the phosphorylation of OSR1. Interestingly, when we inhibited the hypotonically induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase with nonspecific $Ca^{2+}$ channel blockers such as 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, gadolinium, and lanthanum, the phosphorylated OSR1 level was also diminished. Moreover, a cyclopiazonic acid-induced passive $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ elevation was evoked by the phosphorylation of OSR1, and the amount of phosphorylated OSR1 decreased when the cells were treated with BAPTA, a $Ca^{2+}$ chelator. Finally, through that process, NKCC1 activity also decreased to maintain the cell volume in the HSG cell line. These results indicate that $Ca^{2+}$ may regulate the WNK-OSR1 pathway and NKCC1 activity in the HSG cell line. This is the first demonstration that indicates upstream $Ca^{2+}$ regulation of the WNK-OSR1 pathway in intact cells.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.1 s.44
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• pp.115-123
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• 1994

To study bone resorption mechanism, effect of LPS on the $^{45}Ca$ release from fetal rat ulnae and radii, and effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on the LPS-induced bone resorption in organ culture were studied. Ulnae and radii were removed from 19 day old fetal rats, prelabelled by subcutaneous injection of $200{\mu}Ci\;^{45}CaCl_2$ into their mother on the 17th day of gestation. Radioactivities of $^{45}Ca$ released into media were determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Effects of LPS and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were observed by the ratio of $\%$ release of $^{45}Ca$ between paired control and experimental group. The observed results were as follows : 1. $LPS(1{\mu}g/ml)$ supplemented in media for 72hours increased the $^{45}Ca$ release significantly after 48 and 72 hours of culture and $LPS(10{\mu}g/m1)$ increased the $^{45}Ca$ release significantly after 72 hours of culture. 2. LPS-induced $^{45}Ca$ release was not inhibited significantly by 1mM sulfanilamide but inhibited significantly by 10mM sulfanilamide after 48 and 72 hours of culture. 3. LPS-induced $^{45}Ca$ release was not inhibited significantly by 0.1mM dichlorphenamide but inhibited significantly by 1mM dichlorphenamide after 48 and 72 hours of culture. 4. LPS-induced $^{45}Ca$ release was not inhibited significantly by 1mM acetazolamide but inhibited sighificantly by 5mM acetazolamide after 72 hours of culture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.288-288
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• 1994

1.목적 $K^{+}$ 통로 개방제인 cromakalim과 levcromakalim이 원형질막의 $K^{+}$ 통로를 개방시켜 막의 과분극을 일으킴으로서 강력한 혈관 이완작용을 일으킨다는 것은 주지하는 바다. 본 연구진들은 지난 2년간의 신약개발 연구사업을 통하여 cromakalim과 pinacidil 등 여러종의 K+통로개방제가 건전한 평활근 세포에서 phenylephrine뿐만 아니라 saponin처리에 의한 투과성 근세포 (permeabilized cells)에서 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP$_3$)에 의한 수축도 억제함을 보고 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 수축작용에 대한 SPEX fluolog-2 spectrophotometer를 사용하여 돼지의 관상동맥 혈관근의 세포질내 $Ca^{++}$의 농도 ([$Ca^{++}$])의 변동을 관찰하였다. 정상 관상동맥 혈관근 조직에서 acetylcholine (0.1-1$\mu$M)에 의한 [Ca$^{++}$]농도의 증가와 b-escin 처리에 의한 skinned strip에서의 IP3 (1-5$\mu$M)에 의한 [Ca$^{2+}$]의 증가는 cromakalim과 levcromakalim의 전처치에 의하여 현저히 억제되었다. Skinned strip에서 이러한 K+ 통로 개방제에 의한 $IP_3$-요도 ($Ca^{2+}$)i 증가의 억제가 apamin (1-5 mM)과 glibenclamide (1$\mu$M)에 의하여 봉쇄되었으나, chrybdotoxin (0.1$\mu$M)에 의하여는 영향을 받지 아니하였다 한편 skinned strip에서 cromakalim은 GTP${\gamma}$s에 의한 [$Ca^{2+}$]i의 증가는 봉쇄하였으나 caffeine에 의한 [$Ca^{2+}$]i의 증가는 영향을 미치지 아니하였다. 이러한 연구결과로 보아 cromakalim과 levcromakalim과 같은 $K^{+}$ 통로 개방제가 세포막의 $K^{+}$ 통로를 개방하는 작용 뿐만 아니라 적어도 sarcoplasmic membrane에서 $Ca^{2+}$의 유리를 봉쇄함으로써 강력한 혈관 평활근 이완 작용을 나타내는 것으로 시사된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7583-7586
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• 2013

Background: Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 acts as a key regulator of many cytokine signaling pathways and its abnormal expression has been identified in several human malignancies, suggesting potential roles in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate any association between the functional SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CC) as well as age at onset in a Turkish clinical sample. Materials and Methods: A total of 122 subjects were enrolled in this case-control study (70 CC cases and 52 controls). The SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: The odds ratio of the del allele for CC relative to the CA allele was not significantly different between the groups (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.41-1.22, p=0.27). This result did not change after adjustment for age and sex on multivariable regression analysis (OR=0.84, 95% CI=0.59-1.34, p=0.53). When the SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism was analyzed among CC patients in relation to the age at disease onset, we found no significant differences between subjects with the del/del, CA/del, and CA/CA genotypes. Conclusions: The results of our study did not point towards a major role of the SOCS-1 -1478CA>del polymorphism in the pathogenesis of CC in Turkish subjects.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 2007

Cu-free multi-component sol, of which final oxide composition becomes $Bi_{1.9}Pb{0.35}SrCaO,\;Bi_{1.8}Pb_{0.2}SrCaO\;and\;Bi_{1.5}SrCaO$, respectively, was prepared through sol-gel route and coated on a bare Cu substrate. Starting materials were metal-alkoxides as follows.; [$Bi(OC_{2}H_{5})_{3}\;Pb(O^{1}C_{3}H_{7})_{2},\;Sr(O^{i}C_{3}H_{7})_{2},\;Ca(OC_{2}H_{5})_{2}$] as a reagent grade. Transparent light yellowish sol was obtained in the case of $Bi_{1.9}Pb_{0.35}SrCaO\;and\;Bi_{1.8}Pb_{0.2}SrCaO$ composition and $Bi_{1.5}SrCaO$ composition's sol was light greenish. Each sol was repeatedly dip-coated on Cu substrate four times and pre-heated at $400^{\circ}C$ and finally heat-treated in the range of $740{\sim}900^{\circ}C$. In the results, crystalline phases confirmed by XRD were (2201) orthorhombic and monoclinic phases. However, only $Bi_{1.9}Pb_{0.35}SrCaO_{x}$ composition showed pseudo-superconductive behavior after heat-treatment at $900^{\circ}C$ for 12 seconds and then onset temperature was 77 K, even though it did not exhibit zero resistance below Tc.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 1996

This investigation was carried out to reveal the removal rates of Ca, Mg and Na among the constituents of the litters in Phragmites communis Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Typha augustata and Scirpus tabernaemontani ecosystems in the lake Paldangho. The removal constants of Ca, Mg and Na were determined by the mathematical model and the time required to decay to any percentage of each constituent was calculated by using this model. The results obtained in this study can he abstracted as follows; The removal constants of Ca, Mg and Na of the litters were 0.91, 0.86 and 0.71 in Phragmites communis, 0.64, 0.62, and 0.50 in Miscanthus sacchariflorus, 0.66, 0.28, and 0.56 in Typha angustata and 0.40, 0.55 and 0.63 in Scirpus tabernaemontani, respectively. These values of each constituent in Phragmites communis are the highest among the compared species and in each species, Ca among the studied constituent is higher than the others. The half times of Ca, Mg and Na required for the removal or accumulation of the litters on the grassland floor were 0.76, 0.80 and 0.98 years in Phragmites communis, 1.08, 1.12 and 1.39 years in Miscanthus sacehariflorus 1.05, 2.47 and 1.24 years in Typha angustata and 1.73, 1.26 and 1.10 years in Scirpus tabernaemontani, respectively. Key words: Removal constant, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus scchariflorus, Typha angu-stata, Scirpus tabernaemontani Paldangho. Ca, Mg. Na.