• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.389-397
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• 2010

In this paper we introduce the new generalized difference sequence space $\ell_\infty$($\Delta_v^n$, M,p,q,s), $\bar{c}$($\Delta_v^n$,M,p,q,s), $\bar{c_0}$($\Delta_v^n$,M,p,q,s), m($\Delta_v^n$,M,p,q,s) and $m_0$($\Delta_v^n$,M,p,q,s) defined over a seminormed sequence space (X,q). We study some of it properties, like completeness, solidity, symmetricity etc. We obtain some relations between these spaces as well as prove some inclusion result.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 1994

When broiler litter was composted under the control of peak temperature of piles(uncontrolled, controled below $70^{\circ}C$ and below $60^{\circ}C$), changes of physical and chemical parameters were determined throughout the processing period. Broiler litter was composted in each of three $1.0{\times}1.0{\times}1.2m$ dimensional facilities for 8 weeks. After 5 to 6 weeks of composting, broiler litter was converted into the final compost with no ammonia odour, rice hull size of particle, and faint brown color. Central temperature of piles reached to the peak(about $69{\sim}70^{\circ}C$) within 3 to 4 days after composting and gradually decreased thereafter. The final product contained 26.5% of moisture, 9.0~9.1 of pH, and 14.0~14.3 of C/N ratio. The increase of C/N ratio with processing resulted from the considerable loss of N. The total wet weight of the final composts was an average of 38.3% of the initial weight, the dry weight of those 64.1%, and the organic matter weight of those 34.8%. Treatments of central temperature of composts did not affect changes of moisture, pH, C/N ratio, total wet weight, total dry weight, and total organic matter weight. In general, composted broiler litter was converted into the final product with little change in physical and chemical parameters after 5 to 6 weeks of processing. Nitrogen losses during the composting should be prevented for the improvement of the composting efficiency of broiler litter.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the quality of ground water for hydroponics in Kyeongnam area in 1995. Water samples were collected and analyzed from 77 wells in green houses throughout Kyeongnam area. The values of several components in well water were as follows ; 7.4 in pH, 0.46dS/m in EC, 0.3mg/L in N $H_{4}$-N, 25.4mg/L in $Ca^{2＋}$, 42.6mg/L in C $l^{[-10]}$ and 72.5mg/L in S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$. The pH value showed high positive significance of correlationships with $Ca^{2＋}$ and EC. Also, the EC value showed high positive significance with N $a^{＋}$, $Ca^{2＋}$, S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$, $Mg^{2＋}$ and C $l^{[-10]}$ .

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.352-358
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• 1987

Rate constants for the hydrolysis of para-substituted phenyl N-(p-chlorobenzoyl)chloroformimidate (I) derivatives in 1 : 4 dioxane-water at $25^{\circ}C$ have been determined. Rate data, substituent effect $(\rho\>{\rho}^+)$, product analysis and MO calculation indicate that the uncatalyzed reaction proceeds through an $S_N1$ mechanism involving the formation of azocarbonium ion (II) below pH 3.0, and the base-catalyzed reaction proceeds through an $S_N2$ mechanism via transition state (III) above pH 4.0. The relative stability of four peri planar conformational isomers were (E-ap) > (Z-ap) > (E-sp) > (Z-ap), respectively, and the most stable stereo structures shows that the Y-substituted phenyl group $(C_6H_4-Y)$ occupy vertical $(90^{\circ})$ position on the plane of the benzimidochloroformyl group in (E-ap) conformer. The nucleophilic substitution of water molecule occurs by sigma attack to the activatived azomethine carbon atom of (I) derivatives.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 1974

단위원을 가지는 하환환에 있어서의 Prime Spectrum에 관하여 다음 세가지 사실을 증명하였다. 1. X를 환 R의 prime spectrum, C(X)를 X에서 정의되는 실연적함수의 환, X를 C(X)의 maximal spectrum이라 하면 X는 C(X)의 prime spectrum의 부분공간으로서의 한 T-space로 된다. N을 환 R의 nilradical이라 하면, R/N이 regula 이면 X와 X는 위상동형이다. 2. f: R$\longrightarrow$R'을 ring homomorphism, P를 R의 한 Prime ideal, $R_{p}$, R'$_{p}$를 각각 S=R-P 및 f(S)에 관한 분수환(ring of fraction)이라 하고, k(P)를 local ring $R_{p}$의 residue' field라 할 때, R'의 prime spectrum의 부분공간인 $f^{*-1}$(P)는 k(P)(equation omitted)$_{R}$R'의 prime spectrum과 위상동형이다. 단 f*는 f*(Q)=$f^{-1}$(Q)로서 정의되는 함수 s*:Spec(R')$\longrightarrow$Spec(R)이다. 3. X를 환 S의 prime spectrum, N을 R의 nilradical이라 할 때, 다음 네가지 사실은 동치이다. (1) R/N 은 regular 이다. (2) X는 Zarski topology에 관하여 Hausdorff 공간이다. (3) X에서의 Zarski topology와 constructible topology와는 일치한다. (4) R의 임의의 원소 f에 대하여 f를 포함하지 않는 R의 prime ideal 전체의 집합 $X_{f}$는 Zarski topology에 관하여 개집합인 동시에 폐집합이다.폐집합이다....

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 1991

The effective method to detect the mutagenicity of N-nitrosodimethylamineI (NDMA) by using Salmonella/microsome assay was studied. The Effect of vitamin C on the mutagenicity of the formed NDMA and during the formation of NDMA from nitrite and secondary amine was also investigated. Aroclor 1254-induced hamster S9 mix was more effective in activation NDMA than rat S9 mix induced by Aroclor 1254 or phenobarbital. Dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol suppressed the mutagenic effect of NDMA, however, phosphate butter (pH 7.4), distilled water, 95% methanol and Tween 80 + water (1 : 4) were the appropriate dissolving system in the mutagenicity test of NDMA. Vitamin C did not show any inhibitory effect on the mutagenicity of the formed NDMA. However, the revertants of Salmonella typhinutrium TA 100 were significntly reduced (p<0.05) when vitamin C was added to the reaction mixture of nitrite and dimethylamine during the formation of NDMA. The amount of the formed NDMA was analyzed using HPLC and the level was decreased by about 95%. Thus it was concluded that vitamin C inhibited greatly the formation of NDMA from nitrite and dimethylamine.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1147-1165
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• 2010

In this paper we compare a torsion free sheaf F on $P^N$ and the free vector bundle $\oplus^n_{i=1}O_{P^N}(b_i)$ having same rank and splitting type. We show that the first one has always "less" global sections, while it has a higher second Chern class. In both cases bounds for the difference are found in terms of the maximal free subsheaves of F. As a consequence we obtain a direct, easy and more general proof of the "Horrocks' splitting criterion", also holding for torsion free sheaves, and lower bounds for the Chern classes $c_i$(F(t)) of twists of F, only depending on some numerical invariants of F. Especially, we prove for rank n torsion free sheaves on $P^N$, whose splitting type has no gap (i.e., $b_i{\geq}b_{i+1}{\geq}b_i-1$ 1 for every i = 1,$\ldots$,n-1), the following formula for the discriminant: $$\Delta(F):=2_{nc_2}-(n-1)c^2_1\geq-\frac{1}{12}n^2(n^2-1)$$. Finally in the case of rank n reflexive sheaves we obtain polynomial upper bounds for the absolute value of the higher Chern classes $c_3$(F(t)),$\ldots$,$c_n$(F(t)) for the dimension of the cohomology modules $H^iF(t)$ and for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of F; these polynomial bounds only depend only on $c_1(F)$, $c_2(F)$, the splitting type of F and t.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.935-939
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• 2006

The biological nutrient removal from domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio is difficult. Therefore, this study was performed to examine effect of operational parameters such as air supply, hydraulic retention time, pH on the nitrogen removal by ammonia stripping and to increase influent C/N ratio without required carbon source. The ammonia stripping system used for the bench-scale experiment in laboratory had a dimension of 15 cm diameter and 150 cm height. The ammonia stripping reactors were classified into two types, type AS I and type AS II, according to there using or not media. Results of the research showed that the T-N removal efficiency of AS I using plastic media is slightly higher than AS II without media. In experimental condition of air supply 30 L/min and pH 12.5, T-N removal efficiencies increased as HRT of ammonia stripping reactor became longer from 8 hr to 36 hr. In experimental condition of HRT 36 hr, it was also found that the T-N removal efficiencies improved through increase of air supply. On the other hand, C/N ratio of wastewater was increased from average 3.9 to 5.4 by ammonia stripping.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.495-501
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• 2001

We have cloned the mouse neurotensin/neuromedin N (NT/N) gene from the murine mast cell line Cl.MC/C57.1 for the first time. The murine NT/N cDNA clone consisted of 765 nucleotides and coded for 169 peptide residues with an N-terminal signal peptide, and the C-terminal region contained of one copy of neurotensin (NT) and one copy of neuromedin N (NN). Total of four Lys-Arg dibasic motifs were present; one each at the middle of the open reading frame, at the N-terminal of NN, at the C-terminal of NT, and between NN and NT. Amino acid sequence analysis of the mouse NT/N revealed 90% homology to that of the rat NT/N gene. NT/N is expressed in murine mast cell lines (Cl.MC/C57.1 and P815), but not in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7), nor in murine T cell line (EL-4). NT/N mRNA in C1.MC/C57.1 is highly inducible by IgE cross-linking, phorbol myristate acetate, neurotensin, and substance P. Following the treatment of demethylating agent, 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), the NT/N gene was induced in BMMCs in response to IgE cross-linking. 5-azaC-treated BMMCs did not express the NT/N gene without additional stimuli. These findings suggested that the regulation of NT/N gene expression was dependent on the effects of not only gene methylation but also enhancer and/or repressor proteins acting on the NT/N promoter.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.525-531
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this experiment is to better understand the nitrogen and phosphorus removal ratio according to operating conditions in an iron electrolysis system consisting of an anoxic basin, aerobic basin, and iron precipitation apparatus. Methods: Iron electrolysis consists of an iron precipitation reactor composed of iron plates in oxic and anoxic basins. We studied the interrelation coefficient between T-N and T-P removal rates and F/M ratio, and the C/N ratio and BOD removal rate. Results: The F/M ratio and the T-N and T-P removal rate per unit area have interrelation coefficients of 0.362 and 0.603, respectively. The removal rate per MLVSS and the T-N and T-P removal rate per unit area have respective interrelation coefficients of 0.49 and 0.59. Conclusions: The removal rate of T-N and T-P increased with the increasing F/M ratio in the influent, and they also linearly increased in proportion to the C/N ratio of influent and BOD removal rate of the reactor.