• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.89-115
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• 2019

This study was conducted to present the stylistic differences between Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie, famous as writers of classical mystery novels, through data analysis, and further to present the analytical methodology of the study of style based on text mining. The reason why we chose mystery novels for our research is because the unique devices that exist in classical mystery novels have strong stylistic characteristics, and furthermore, by choosing Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie, who are also famous to the general reader, as subjects of analysis, so that people who are unfamiliar with the research can be familiar with them. The primary objective of this study is to identify how the differences exist within the text and to interpret the effects of these differences on the reader. Accordingly, in addition to events and characters, which are key elements of mystery novels, the writer's grammatical style of writing was defined in style and attempted to analyze it. Two series and four books were selected by each writer, and the text was divided into sentences to secure data. After measuring and granting the emotional score according to each sentence, the emotions of the page progress were visualized as a graph, and the trend of the event progress in the novel was identified under eight themes by applying Topic modeling according to the page. By organizing co-occurrence matrices and performing network analysis, we were able to visually see changes in relationships between people as events progressed. In addition, the entire sentence was divided into a grammatical system based on a total of six types of writing style to identify differences between writers and between works. This enabled us to identify not only the general grammatical writing style of the author, but also the inherent stylistic characteristics in their unconsciousness, and to interpret the effects of these characteristics on the reader. This series of research processes can help to understand the context of the entire text based on a defined understanding of the style, and furthermore, by integrating previously individually conducted stylistic studies. This prior understanding can also contribute to discovering and clarifying the existence of text in unstructured data, including online text. This could help enable more accurate recognition of emotions and delivery of commands on an interactive artificial intelligence platform that currently converts voice into natural language. In the face of increasing attempts to analyze online texts, including New Media, in many ways and discover social phenomena and managerial values, it is expected to contribute to more meaningful online text analysis and semantic interpretation through the links to these studies. However, the fact that the analysis data used in this study are two or four books by author can be considered as a limitation in that the data analysis was not attempted in sufficient quantities. The application of the writing characteristics applied to the Korean text even though it was an English text also could be limitation. The more diverse stylistic characteristics were limited to six, and the less likely interpretation was also considered as a limitation. In addition, it is also regrettable that the research was conducted by analyzing classical mystery novels rather than text that is commonly used today, and that various classical mystery novel writers were not compared. Subsequent research will attempt to increase the diversity of interpretations by taking into account a wider variety of grammatical systems and stylistic structures and will also be applied to the current frequently used online text analysis to assess the potential for interpretation. It is expected that this will enable the interpretation and definition of the specific structure of the style and that various usability can be considered.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-173
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• 1996

This study is an attempt to identify factors affecting korean immigrants concentration in small business enterprises in the middleman minority sector including the priphery and core sectors, with the private wage and self-employed worker examined in each sector, employing the 5 percent public use sample from the 1980 United States census. One out of five koreans aged 25∼64 years is engaged in self-employed small businesses, while the majority of koreans (4 out of 5) are in the private wage sector. In contrast to expectations, English language difficulties and inferior education are not the prime factors affecting self-employment small businesses. The korean self-employed small business owners both in the periphery sector and in the core sector showed the 'middle' strata of their position in the social structure in terms of their industry, occupation, earnings, etc.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2017

The Korean plant names Changpo and Sukchangpo, including their related names Suchangpo and Kyeson, were somewhat confusingly used in both the Korean classics and even now. To clarify these names, the names written in the Chinese classics and the Korean classics were examined closely and compared to those of the modern flora of China and Korea. In the Chinese classics, Changpo and Sukchangpo were considered as conspecific with Acorus calamus, which has leaves with distinct veins, whereas Sukchangpo and Kyeson have leaves without distinct veins and are considered as A. gramineus. However, in the Korean classics, these names have been confusingly used thus far. Sukchangpo and Gyeson were considered as A. gramineus, and Sukchangpo and Changpo were considered as A. calamus, erroneously. Therefore, the following corrections are needed: plants having distinct leaf veins were named Changpo (A. calamus), and plants having vague leaf veins were named Sukchangpo (A. gramineus), and the names of Sukchangpo and Kyeson should be discarded to avoid confusion. In addition, to respond to the Convention on Biological Diversity, we propose a study to clarify the taxonomic identities of the plant names written in Chinese script and an examination of the Korean plant names listed in the Korean classics.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.59-83
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• 2018

With the increasing importance of sentiment analysis to grasp the needs of customers and the public, various types of deep learning models have been actively applied to English texts. In the sentiment analysis of English texts by deep learning, natural language sentences included in training and test datasets are usually converted into sequences of word vectors before being entered into the deep learning models. In this case, word vectors generally refer to vector representations of words obtained through splitting a sentence by space characters. There are several ways to derive word vectors, one of which is Word2Vec used for producing the 300 dimensional Google word vectors from about 100 billion words of Google News data. They have been widely used in the studies of sentiment analysis of reviews from various fields such as restaurants, movies, laptops, cameras, etc. Unlike English, morpheme plays an essential role in sentiment analysis and sentence structure analysis in Korean, which is a typical agglutinative language with developed postpositions and endings. A morpheme can be defined as the smallest meaningful unit of a language, and a word consists of one or more morphemes. For example, for a word '예쁘고', the morphemes are '예쁘(= adjective)' and '고(=connective ending)'. Reflecting the significance of Korean morphemes, it seems reasonable to adopt the morphemes as a basic unit in Korean sentiment analysis. Therefore, in this study, we use 'morpheme vector' as an input to a deep learning model rather than 'word vector' which is mainly used in English text. The morpheme vector refers to a vector representation for the morpheme and can be derived by applying an existent word vector derivation mechanism to the sentences divided into constituent morphemes. By the way, here come some questions as follows. What is the desirable range of POS(Part-Of-Speech) tags when deriving morpheme vectors for improving the classification accuracy of a deep learning model? Is it proper to apply a typical word vector model which primarily relies on the form of words to Korean with a high homonym ratio? Will the text preprocessing such as correcting spelling or spacing errors affect the classification accuracy, especially when drawing morpheme vectors from Korean product reviews with a lot of grammatical mistakes and variations? We seek to find empirical answers to these fundamental issues, which may be encountered first when applying various deep learning models to Korean texts. As a starting point, we summarized these issues as three central research questions as follows. First, which is better effective, to use morpheme vectors from grammatically correct texts of other domain than the analysis target, or to use morpheme vectors from considerably ungrammatical texts of the same domain, as the initial input of a deep learning model? Second, what is an appropriate morpheme vector derivation method for Korean regarding the range of POS tags, homonym, text preprocessing, minimum frequency? Third, can we get a satisfactory level of classification accuracy when applying deep learning to Korean sentiment analysis? As an approach to these research questions, we generate various types of morpheme vectors reflecting the research questions and then compare the classification accuracy through a non-static CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) model taking in the morpheme vectors. As for training and test datasets, Naver Shopping's 17,260 cosmetics product reviews are used. To derive morpheme vectors, we use data from the same domain as the target one and data from other domain; Naver shopping's about 2 million cosmetics product reviews and 520,000 Naver News data arguably corresponding to Google's News data. The six primary sets of morpheme vectors constructed in this study differ in terms of the following three criteria. First, they come from two types of data source; Naver news of high grammatical correctness and Naver shopping's cosmetics product reviews of low grammatical correctness. Second, they are distinguished in the degree of data preprocessing, namely, only splitting sentences or up to additional spelling and spacing corrections after sentence separation. Third, they vary concerning the form of input fed into a word vector model; whether the morphemes themselves are entered into a word vector model or with their POS tags attached. The morpheme vectors further vary depending on the consideration range of POS tags, the minimum frequency of morphemes included, and the random initialization range. All morpheme vectors are derived through CBOW(Continuous Bag-Of-Words) model with the context window 5 and the vector dimension 300. It seems that utilizing the same domain text even with a lower degree of grammatical correctness, performing spelling and spacing corrections as well as sentence splitting, and incorporating morphemes of any POS tags including incomprehensible category lead to the better classification accuracy. The POS tag attachment, which is devised for the high proportion of homonyms in Korean, and the minimum frequency standard for the morpheme to be included seem not to have any definite influence on the classification accuracy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.19-39
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• 2016

Hallyu in East Europe has been spread since the end of the 2000s and contributed to boost the familiarity and favorability of Korea. Hallyu in East Europe started from Romania and Hungary, Korean dramas and K-Pops spread to Bulgaria. Korea and Bulgaria established a diplomatic relations in 1990; however, people of both countries do not share enough information or knowledge on each other. This study aims to understand the meaning of Hallyu and the ways of building cultural relations through Hallyu based on the cognitions and attitudes toward Korea and Korean culture in Bulgaria. It conducted the Focus Group Discussions(FGD) for 24 Sofia residents in their 20s and 30s. The FGD questions were mainly on the level of familiarity and of impacts of Hallyu in Bulgaria. The Hallyu in Bulgaria is still not so popular although Hallyu has been promoted through the diverse activities of Korean Embassy, Sofia University, Korean language institutions, and the Hallyu fans. The economic and cultural impact of the Hallyu is not yet viable in Bulgaria. In order to be recognized as one of the foreign popular culture in Bulgaria, Hallyu should be promoted with various endeavors for Bulgarian people to experience Korean culture beyond Korean drama and K-Pops based on the understanding of socio-cultural characteristics of Bulgaria. Then, Hallyu will be spread by producing Korean dramas, films, and K-pops reflected by local cultural characteristics in Bulgaria and hybridity of Korean popular culture.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.275-294
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• 2010

In recent years, international migration of professional workers is significantly increasing as globalization has been deepened more and more. South Korea is not an exception for this case. Immigration of professional workers have steadily increased since 2000 in Korea, and the number reached approximately to 50,000 in 2009. In addition, it is a major trend that immigrants of short-sojourn are decreasing and ones of long-sojourn increasing. Our research shows that foreign language instructor has the greatest number of foreign professional immigrants. The next is professional immigrants related to business-activities. There are considerably entertainers, but they have greatly decreased since 2003. Majority of foreign professional immigrants settle down in a few metropolises. Especially, they reside in Seoul Metropolitan Area and Southeast coastal region. Professional immigrants trend to do with Korean on the base of their offices rather than residental communities in terms of adaptation, and they do not have strong will to reside permanently in Korea. Moreover, they are located at a blind spot of Korean government's foreign immigrant policy, comparing to foreign workers and female marriage immigrants.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.299-315
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• 1993

Koreans are one of the fastest growing immigrant groups in America. Stress responses and stressors among this large cultural minority has been rarely been studied by nursing researchers. Adjusting to life in foreign country produces a great deal of stress. Differences in culture, language, expectations and social behavior can lead to misunderstandings between health care providers and clients. These misunderstandings are not well accounted for in health assessment. This study investigated the relationship between life events or / and daily activities as a stressor and the symptoms of stress among a sample of Korean immigrants in America. The symptoms of stress scale (SOS) was used to identify stress responses and open-ended questions were used to identify life events and daily activities considered by the respondents to be stressful. A simple random sample of 283 subjects was selected from the Directory of the Korean Society of Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Seattle. Demographically, the subjects ranged in age from 20 to 69 years, and the percentage of women and men was approximately 50% each. Almost ninety percent of the subjects were highly educated, 17% owners of business, 19% white collar professionals, 14% employed in sales or as skilled /unskilled labor, 27% as housewives and students and 3％ had no occupation. The total group SOS mean was 0.8042 ; the SOS men for man was 0.7371, and for women was 0.8713. The stress response of this subject group was high, -the stress response of women higher than that for men. In an earlier study(June, 1992) with another sample, the total mean SOS score was similar to this one. The main stressful life events or / and daily activities were, in order, economic problems (N=97), interpersonal problems (N=68), children care problems (N=258), health problems (N=49), communication problems (N=42), family problems (N=38), worry about future career (N=36), and religious problems (N=25). There was a significant difference in the SOS means between the group that expressed life events or / and daily activities to be stressful and the group that did not. Interpersonal relationships and economic and family problems were stressors for those who complained about peripheral manifestations. cardiopulmonary symptoms, central-neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle ten-sion, habitual patterns, depression, anxiety, emotional irritability and cognitive disorganization. In summary, interpersonal relationships and economic and family problems influenced stress response manifestations. Income, the number of people in the family, the year of immigration. the level of education, and marital status were related to physiological and psychosocial stress responses.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.201-235
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• 2005

This study is designed to contribute for development of Private Security Business by fact-finding in instruction and training of private security guard serviced in this realm and domestic and foreign guard service and modeling effective and rational instruction and training program based on drawn problem. For this study, basically I collected and analyzed documents, theses, and papers of the inside and outside of the country. For practical use of data, I used materials of private security related institutes and police agency. And for private security educating training programs of the inside and outside of the country, I collected materials on internet, and with the help of police agency and interpol. For korean private security company's educating training programs, I made a study with the interview of private security company's businessmen. This study's conclusion is as follows. In a domestic private security enterprise, when set theory instruction minimize instruction and training program and must set up instruction and training program as practical affairs center enemy instruction, and theory instruction must be composed for instruction me that it is connected to practical affairs instruction too. The instruction course of private security guard instruction and training program composed with a security outline, a security plan, an information-gathering, civilian expenses, a security way, terror and terrorism, a related law, security trial, electronic security, a security analysis technique, company introduction, instruction and training program about a professional tube with theory instruction. Practical affairs instruction composed with the selection and a preventive security, close contact attendance security, vehicle security, security driving the security martial arts and self-protection liquor, first aid, security equipment, a gun and shooting, a security protocol, customer satisfaction, facilities security and expenses, a fire fighting instruction, teamwork training, explosive and a dangerous substance, physical strength, a documentation practical affairs, service, instruction and training program about foreigh language instruction.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.71-90
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• 2020

Recently, the global insurance industry is rapidly developing digital transformation through the use of artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning. As a result, more and more foreign insurers have achieved the success of artificial intelligence technology-based InsurTech and platform business, and Ping An Insurance Group Ltd., China's largest private company, is leading China's global fourth industrial revolution with remarkable achievements in InsurTech and Digital Platform as a result of its constant innovation, using 'finance and technology' and 'finance and ecosystem' as keywords for companies. In response, this study analyzed the InsurTech and platform business activities of Ping An Insurance Group Ltd. through the ser-M analysis model to provide strategic implications for revitalizing AI technology-based businesses of domestic insurers. The ser-M analysis model has been studied so that the vision and leadership of the CEO, the historical environment of the enterprise, the utilization of various resources, and the unique mechanism relationships can be interpreted in an integrated manner as a frame that can be interpreted in terms of the subject, environment, resource and mechanism. As a result of the case analysis, Ping An Insurance Group Ltd. has achieved cost reduction and customer service development by digitally innovating its entire business area such as sales, underwriting, claims, and loan service by utilizing core artificial intelligence technologies such as facial, voice, and facial expression recognition. In addition, "online data in China" and "the vast offline data and insights accumulated by the company" were combined with new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data analysis to build a digital platform that integrates financial services and digital service businesses. Ping An Insurance Group Ltd. challenged constant innovation, and as of 2019, sales reached $155 billion, ranking seventh among all companies in the Global 2000 rankings selected by Forbes Magazine. Analyzing the background of the success of Ping An Insurance Group Ltd. from the perspective of ser-M, founder Mammingz quickly captured the development of digital technology, market competition and changes in population structure in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, and established a new vision and displayed an agile leadership of digital technology-focused. Based on the strong leadership led by the founder in response to environmental changes, the company has successfully led InsurTech and Platform Business through innovation of internal resources such as investment in artificial intelligence technology, securing excellent professionals, and strengthening big data capabilities, combining external absorption capabilities, and strategic alliances among various industries. Through this success story analysis of Ping An Insurance Group Ltd., the following implications can be given to domestic insurance companies that are preparing for digital transformation. First, CEOs of domestic companies also need to recognize the paradigm shift in industry due to the change in digital technology and quickly arm themselves with digital technology-oriented leadership to spearhead the digital transformation of enterprises. Second, the Korean government should urgently overhaul related laws and systems to further promote the use of data between different industries and provide drastic support such as deregulation, tax benefits and platform provision to help the domestic insurance industry secure global competitiveness. Third, Korean companies also need to make bolder investments in the development of artificial intelligence technology so that systematic securing of internal and external data, training of technical personnel, and patent applications can be expanded, and digital platforms should be quickly established so that diverse customer experiences can be integrated through learned artificial intelligence technology. Finally, since there may be limitations to generalization through a single case of an overseas insurance company, I hope that in the future, more extensive research will be conducted on various management strategies related to artificial intelligence technology by analyzing cases of multiple industries or multiple companies or conducting empirical research.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2017

Leaving positive or negative comments of places where he or she visits on location-based services is being common in daily life. The sentiment analysis of place reviews written by actual visitors can provide valuable information to potential consumers, as well as business owners. To conduct sentiment analysis of a place, a spatial sentiment lexicon that can be used as a criterion is required; yet, lexicon of spatial sentiment words has not been constructed. Therefore, this study suggested a method to construct a spatial sentiment lexicon by analyzing the place review data written by Korean internet users. Among several location categories, theme parks were chosen for this study. For this purpose, natural language processing technique and statistical techniques are used. Spatial sentiment words included the lexicon have information about sentiment polarity and probability score. The spatial sentiment lexicon constructed in this study consists of 3 tables(SSLex_SS, SSLex_single, SSLex_combi) that include 219 spatial sentiment words. Throughout this study, the sentiment analysis has conducted based on the texts written about the theme parks created on Twitter. As the accuracy of the sentiment classification was calculated as 0.714, the validity of the lexicon was verified.