• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.616-622
• /
• 2009

In-depth understanding of the influence of hot pressing and melt processing on the properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is critical for effective mechanical recycling of TPU scraps. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of hot pressing and melt mixing on molecular weight (MW), polydispersity index (PDI), melt index (MI), characteristic IR peaks, hardness, thermal degradation and mechanical properties of TPU. The original TPU pellet (o-TPU) showed two broad peaks at lower and higher MW regions. However, four TPU film samples, TPU-0 prepared only by hot pressing of o-TPU pellet and TPU-1, TPU-2 and TPU-3 obtained by hot pressing of melt mixed TPUs (where the numbers indicate the run number of melt mixing), exhibited only a single peak at higher MW region. The TPU-0 film sample had the highest $M_n$ and the lowest PDI and hardness. The TPU-1 film sample had the highest $M_w$ and tensile modulus. As the run number of melt mixing increased, the peak-intensity of hydrogen bonded C=O stretching increased, however, the free C=O peak intensity, tensile strength/elongation at break and average MW decreased. All the samples showed two stage degradations. The degradation temperatures of TPU-0 sample (359 $^{\circ}C$ and 394 $^{\circ}C$)were higher than those of o-TPU (342 $^{\circ}C$ and 391 $^{\circ}C$). While all the melt mixed samples degraded at almost the same temperature (365 $^{\circ}C$ and 381 $^{\circ}C$). The first round of hot pressing and melt mixing was found to be the critical condition which led to the significant changes of $M_n$/$M_w$/PDI, MI, mechanical property and thermal degradation of TPU.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2012

In November 2009, a powdery mildew on glossy abelia (Abelia ${\times}$ grandiflora) was found in Seogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea. Further survey in the southern part of Korea, e.g., Jeju, Busan, and Tongyeong confirmed occurrence of the disease. White colonies were present on leaves, young stems, and flowers, detracting from their beauty in landscape plantings. Severely infected lesions were discolored to red-purplish. Based on the morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA, the fungus associated with the symptoms was identified as Erysiphe abeliicola U. Braun & S. Takam. This work provides the morphological feature of its anamorph for the first time, which is characterized by having multi-lobed hyphal appressoria and short foot-cells of conidiophores. Morphological characteristics of mature chasmothecia were consistent with the previous Japanese record of this species. The sequence of internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA obtained from a Korean sample showed that this species places in the section Microsphaera of the genus Erysiphe in phylogenetic position, corresponding with the classical taxonomy. This is the first report of E. abeliicola and its host plant in Korea. The host plant A. ${\times}$ grandiflora is newly listed in the host range of E. abeliicola.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.614-623
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the financial performance of regional public hospitals on their efficiency. In addition, the analysis of their efficiency using environmental factors, such as the market share, operating mode, and size of the regional public hospitals, as well as the factors influencing their efficiency, are selected by selecting the input and output factors of the hospitals and some differences were found between them. The DEA index and financial performance of the 31 regional public hospitals were calculated for the three years from 2012 to 2014. ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis were used. As a result, there was a significant difference in their efficiency according to the environmental factors, such as the city scale of the regional public hospital, the number of hospital beds, and their business performance, productivity, and publicness. The medical profit margin (p<0.05), labor cost investment efficiency (p<0.05) and HHI (p<0.05) were found to affect the efficiency. In order to identify the inefficiencies of the regional public hospitals and increase their efficiency, it is necessary to measure the efficiency of the input resources and to reduce their cost. In addition, if the regional public hospitals were to provide specialized services, such as specialized functions of medical care that would give them a competitive advantage over private hospitals, their operational efficiency would be enhanced and they would be able to fulfill their role as public medical institutions.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2011

This research was conducted to provide basic data of surplus heat for designing solar heat-storage systems. The surplus heat is defined as the heat exhausted by forced ventilations from the greenhouses to control the greenhouse temperature within setting limits. Various simulations were performed to compare the differences of thermal behaviors among greenhouse types as well as among several domestic areas by using pseudo-TMY (Typical Meteorological Year) data manipulated based both on the weather data supplied from Korean Meteorological Administration and the TMY data supplied from The Korean Solar Energy Society. Additional analyses were carried out to examine the required heating energy together with some others such as the energy balances in greenhouses to be considered. The results of those researches are summarized as follows. Regional surplus solar heats for the nine regions with 4-type were analyzed. The results showed that the ratio of surplus solar energy compared to heating energy was the highest in Jeju (about 212.0~228.0%) for each greenhouse type. And followed by Busan, Kwangju, Jinju, Daegu, Daejeon, Jeonju, Suwon and Daekwanryung. And irrespective of greenhouse types, surplus solar energy alone could cover up nearly all of the required supplemental heating energy except for a few areas.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.52 no.10
• /
• pp.753-761
• /
• 2019

Localized heavy storm is one of the major causes of flood damage in urban regions. According to the recent disaster statistics in South Korea, the frequency of urban flood is increasing more frequently, and the scale is also increasing. However, localized heavy storm is difficult to predict, making it difficult for local government officials to deal with floods. This study aims to construct a Flood risk matrix (FRM) using ensemble weather prediction data and to assess its applicability as a means of reducing damage by securing time for such urban flood response. The FRM is a two-dimensional matrix of potential impacts (X-axis) representing flood risk and likelihood (Y-axis) representing the occurrence probability of dangerous weather events. To this end, a regional FRM was constructed using historical flood damage records and probability precipitation data for basic municipality in Busan and Daegu. Applicability of the regional FRMs was assessed by applying the LENS data of the Korea Meteorological Administration on past heavy rain events. As a result, it was analyzed that the flood risk could be predicted up to 3 days ago, and it would be helpful to reduce the damage by securing the flood response time in practice.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.341-352
• /
• 2019

Recently, as cultural projects are being carried out in various ways, the interest in the space where culture and arts can be provided is also increasing. Therefore, this study selected and analyzed F1963 in Busan. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of brand asset factors of brand image, brand awareness, brand asset awareness, and loyalty on customer satisfaction and community development of brand asset in complex cultural space and to examine whether customer satisfaction has a mediating effect on the relationship between brand asset in complex cultural space and community development. As a result of the analysis, brand asset of complex cultural space had a positive effect on the satisfaction of users. Also, brand asset of complex cultural space has a positive effect on community development. The satisfaction that users get from the complex cultural space has a mediating effect on the influence of brand asset of the complex cultural space itself on the community development. The implications of this study suggest that complex cultural space plays an important role in the region, and it is necessary for local communities and local governments to brand complex cultural space through diversity of cultural and artistic activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 2021

This study examines the status of non-face-to-face online continuing education for radiological technologist working at medical institutions in a region, their satisfaction, and completion status, and provides basic data on the design and operation of continuing education predicted after the post-coronavirus. It was implemented to do. From January 5, 2021 to January 31, 2021, 255 radiological technologist license holders who completed online continuing education in 2020 were targeted. Satisfaction with online continuing education was higher as the age, male radiological technologist, and job title increased after obtaining a license. As for the status of completion of continuing education, the higher the age, the higher the percentage of regular members belonging to the branch, the more moderate the cost of continuing education of medical institutions was guaranteed, and the more the completion of the continuing education license and the recognition of legal restrictions. Based on the results of this study, in order to increase the satisfaction and completion of continuing education, it is necessary to develop various educational programs and contents according to age in preparation for the rapidly changing medical environment, and it is necessary to identify and provide members' needs.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.12
• /
• pp.401-409
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health care and self-rated health status of adults visiting dental clinics in the region of Busan and influential factors for their dental fear from January to May, 2017, in an effort to obtain some information on how to relieve fear. As for dental fear, adults who were in their 30s, who were homemakers and whose monthly income ranged from 4 to 4.99 million won. In regard to fear according to oral health care, dental fear caused by the treatment avoidance factor was stronger among the adults who didn't receive dental checkups and who brushed their teeth in the wrong way. Dental fear that was attributed to the physiological reaction factor and the stimuli-inducing factor was severer among the adults who didn't receive dental checkups and who had no scaling experience. Overall fear was severer among the adults who didn't receive dental checkups and who changed their toothbrushes every four or more months. The factors that affected dental fear were self-rated health status, self-rated oral health status, gender, age, whether to receive dental checkups on a regular basis or not, and oral health education experience. Therefore in order to alleviate dental fear, self-rated health status should be improved, and the kind of system that encourages regular dental checkups and provides oral health education should be prepared.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.507-517
• /
• 2019

To follow up on a 2017 survey of tomato virus diseases, samples with virus-like symptoms were collected from the same areas (Buyeo-gun, Chungchungnam-Do and Daejeon, Korea) in 2018. While in 2017 mixed infections of Tomato mosaic virus with either Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) or Tomato chlorosis virus were detected, only TYLCV was detected in symptomatic samples in 2018. TYLCV amplicons of c.777 bp representing the coat protein (CP) coding region were cloned from the TYLCV positive samples, and the sequence data showed a 97.17% to 98.84% nucleotide and 98.45% to 99.22% amino acid identity with the 2017 Buyeo-gun isolate (MG787542), which had the highest amino acid (aa) sequence identity of up to 99.2% with four 2018 Buyeo-gun sequences (MK521830, MK521833, MK521834, and MK521835). The lowest aa sequence identity of 98.45% was found in a 2018 Daejeon isolate (MK521836); the distance between Buyeo-gun and Daejeon is about 45 km. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the currently reported CP sequences are most closely related to Korean sequences from Masan (HM130912), Goseong (JN680149), Busan (GQ141873), Boseong (GU325634), and the 2017 isolate TYLCV-N (MG787543) in the 'Japan' cluster of TYLCV isolates and distinct from the 'China' cluster isolates from Nonsan (GU325632), Jeonju (HM130913) and Jeju (GU325633, HM130914). Our survey data from 2017 and 2018 suggest that TYLCV has become established in Korea and may be spread by whitefly vectors from weed reservoirs within the farm environment.

• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.181-212
• /
• 2018

In 2017, the government of Duterte, in the second year of the ruling, more strongly promoted peace and order policies and expressed independent diplomacy as the chairman of ASEAN. He continued to fight against drugs and tried to increase his political legitimacy through the punishment for corrupt officials. He also declared martial law in the Mindanao region because of the dissolution of the Maute group, a Muslim terrorist organization, and strengthened counterterrorism cooperation externally. In addition, as to Communist militants, he took the initial reconciliation gesture and promoted peace negotiations, however, concluded the peace tide and started the suppression operation due to a series of bloodshed. He still has a strong drive in peace and order issues, backed up by high support rate, but it is becoming a factor of anxiety as the socioeconomically underprivileged and minority groups are increasingly alienated. As the chairman of ASEAN, Duterte has a certain distance from the United States, which is a firm ally, but has turned to increase familiarity with China and Russia, which can take substantial economic benefits. Through diversifying the external economic support and increase of tax revenue, the priority task was to establish the infrastructure. Although the Philippines, which has a high economic growth rate, has a strong expectation that it can establish a solid infrastructure, tax reforms should be successfully completed in order not to repeat the previous failures, which has traditionally increased foreign debt burden by relying on external resources. It seems that it is necessary to find the meeting point of the foreign policy of Duterte and new Korean government's New Southern Policy, and to find possible economic cooperation policies to improve Philippine infrastructure.