• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Crown fire, the main propagation type of large forest fire, has caused extreme damage with the fast spread rate and the high flame intensity. In this paper, we developed the probability equation to predict the crown fires using the spatial features of topography, fuel and weather in damaged area by crown fire. Eighteen variables were collected and then classified by burn severity utilizing geographic information system and remote sensing. Crown fire ratio and logistic regression model were used to select related variables and to estimate the weights for the classes of each variables. As a results, elevation, forest type, elevation relief ratio, folded aspect, plan curvature and solar insolation were related to the crown fire propagation. The crown fire propagation probability equation may can be applied to the priority setting of fuel treatment and suppression resources allocation for forest fire.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2016

This study is to analyze the explosion and fire risks due to high temperature and short circuit current of Lithium batteries. This study selected the typical types of Li-polymer batteries and Li-ion batteries as the test samples. The result of explosion risk assessment due to the high temperature showed that, while a Li-polymer battery had $170^{\circ}C$ explosion on average, a Li-ion battery had $187^{\circ}C$ explosion. The measurement result of temperature increase due to short circuit current revealed that, in case that protection circuit module (PCM) was normally working, there was little of temperature increase due to over-current limitation. However, in case that PCM was out of order, the temperature of a Li-polymer battery increased up to an average of $115.7^{\circ}C$ and the temperature of a Li-ion battery increased up to an average of $80.5^{\circ}C$, which showed the higher risks of fire and burn.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.409-412
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• 2007

Purpose: Percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation is common method for hand fracture. It is simple but has risk of ascending infection through the pin and bony injury by multiple drilling. Ascending infection through pin tract is mostly superficial and can be treated with antibiotics and aseptic dressing. This is a case review of subacute osteomyelitis on phalangeal bones after Kirschner wire fixation with literature review. Methods: A 40-years-old man with distal phalangeal fracture on right second finger is presented. He went to a local clinic and had percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation under local anesthesia. He was transferred to our hospital for ulcerative wound on DIP joint at 4 weeks after operation. Radiography showed osteolytic change around medulla of middle and distal phalanges, leading to diagnosis of a subacute osteomyelitis. We treated it with amputation at the level of shaft of middle phalanx. Results: The postoperative course was uneventful. We thought several possible reasons for osteomyelitis in our case. First, it could resulted from ascending infection through the wire. Second, it could be resulted from a bony burn by repeated drilling. And bony necrosis could be a consequence of arterial insufficiency caused by 2 pin insertion. Conclusion: We suggest that a precise pinning based on accurate anatomical understanding is required for a percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. The frequency of drilling should be minimized. Careful observation and patient education for pin site care are essential.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2010

Purpose: The loss of web space is caused by congenital syndactyly or acquired burn injury, trauma or surgery. Numerous surgical procedures have been described for restoration of the web space. Local flaps are usually preferred because of the easiness to perform and tolerable postoperative outcome. Among the various local flaps, the authors introduce V-M plasty for correction of web space contracture and syndactyly. Method: From March 2007 to Jun 2008, 4 patients underwent V-M plasty for correction of web space contracture and syndactyly. V-M plasty consists of 3 distinct triangular flaps. One triangular flap is designed next to the web region on the dorsal site of the hand, whereas the remaining 2 triangular flaps are placed on the volar site. The dorsal triangular flap is then placed between the volar adjacent triangular flaps. At the end of the operation, the involved fingers or toes are positioned in abduction to avoid kinking of the triangular flaps. Result: All the patients gained web functions with good esthetic appearance without any recurrence or complications. Mean follow-up was 8 months. Conclusion: V-M plasty is a safe, easy and rapid procedure to design and apply by using local tissues without the needs for a skin graft or risk of linear scarring and recurrence. The authors advise this versatile technique both in primary and recurrent cases of web space contracture and syndactyly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Currently chemical plant risk have been issued by occurring frequent accidents. Accidents can be generally composed of fire, explosion, release in chemical plant. In case of fire and explosion, accident victims are occurred immediately after accident but release accident, late emergency response cause damage to worker. Especially, there are many victims by late emergency response against chemical exposure to skin. In case of chemical exposure to skin, irreversible damage like death, blindness, burn can be prevented by washing immediately. Safety shower can provide the cleaning for chemical exposure to eye, skin. Most of chemical plants are built in 1980s so equipment become superannuated. In this reason, safety shower also cannot operate normally in emergency situation. Therefor safety shower should be managed by installation and management guideline. This study perform the establishment guideline for safety shower installation and inspection to increase the reliability.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2023

Hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease (SCD) are traditionally considered a relative contraindication to free tissue transfer, due to concerns that erythrocyte sickling will increase the risk of microvascular thrombosis and flap failure. This article describes a case report with the successful use of free tissue transfer in a patient with SCD and provides a systematic literature review on free tissue transfer in SCD. A retrospective chart review was performed of a patient with SCD who underwent free tissue transfer at the authors' institution. A systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed using the keywords "free tissue transfer," "free flap," or "microsurgery" and "sickle cell" on PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Scopus. A 29-year-old male with delayed presentation of an electrical burn to the face and scalp underwent wound closure with a free anterolateral thigh flap. Key management principles included red blood cell transfusion to keep hemoglobin S under 30% and hemoglobin greater than 10 g/dL, maintenance of hydration, normothermia, adequate analgesia, and postoperative anticoagulation. Systematic literature review identified 7 articles describing 13 cases of free tissue transfer in 10 patients with SCD, with combined complete free flap success in 10 of the 13 flaps. Free tissue transfer can be successfully performed in patients with SCD. However, evidence on the optimal management of this unique patient population in the perioperative period after free tissue transfer is limited to case reports in the literature.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.313-320
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• 2022

Brazil is considered as a great broiler feet exporter, especially for the Chinese trade. Contact lesions at the tibiotarsal region are responsible for economic losses and there is no model for its classification, thereby this study presents a fast and practical grade system to be used in the poultry industry and proposes these lesion characterizations into three different grades. For this, correlation was made between macroscopic, histological findings and microbiological quantification (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and sulphite-reducing clostridia) from contact lesions in the tibiotarsal region of 112 broiler carcasses, divided in four groups (n=28), accordingly to the lesion's intensity. There were no significant differences in microbiological quantification among the groups (p>0.05) except for the grade 3 group, as grade 1 and 2 lesions were in the early stages and histopathological changes such as ulceration were not observed. In grade 3 lesion group, it was observed bacterial cocci grume and ulceration at the articular region and significantly higher microbiological count (p<0.05) for E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. In conclusion, the visual standard proposed in this work, correlated and confirmed by the histopathologic, and microbiologic characterization, allows to precise and fast ascertainment of the contact lesion grade in the tibiotarsal regions of broiler carcasses. Moreover, it should be highlighted that grades 1 and 2 alterations are not caused by an inflammatory process caused by pathogenic agents and should not be considered a public health risk.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2024

Silver diamine fluoride, which can arrest dental caries, is alkaline and may cause mild soft tissue irritation. Water-based silver fluoride has a neutral pH, which is closer to the physiological range, and is biocompatible for use in the oral environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water-based silver fluoride on remineralizing early enamel lesions by comparing it with other fluoride agents through microhardness and quantitative light-induced fluorescence measurements. An in vitro study with intact bovine incisors was performed. Artificial enamel lesions were induced and subjected to microhardness and quantitative light-induced fluorescence testing. Specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups for treatment. The specimens in group I were treated with water-based silver fluoride and potassium iodide, group II with silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide, group III with sodium fluoride varnish, and group IV with distilled water. After 8 days of pH cycling, the specimens were subjected to microhardness and quantitative light-induced fluorescence testing. Water-based silver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride showed the greatest increases in microhardness and quantitative light-induced fluorescence, with no significant differences between the two. Sodium fluoride varnish also exhibited a significant increase in microhardness and quantitative light-induced fluorescence, but the differences were smaller than those for water-based silver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride. Water-based silver fluoride is considered useful in a clinical setting for remineralizing enamel lesions, with the advantages of no risk of tissue burn and improved taste and smell.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.77-83
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• 2010

In this study, we analyzed the combustion characteristics of four different floor covering materials(wood, monorium, laminatedpaper, and varnish-laminated paper) with regard to their ignitibility, thermal characteristics and flame retardancy by using an ignition temperature tester, a dual cone calorimeter, a thermogravimetric analyzer and limited oxygen index, for their fire risk assessment. According to the result, monorium had the lowest ignition temperature of $325^{\circ}C$ and the laminated paper and the varnish-laminated paper promptly ignited before 7s. Further, the wood showed the largest total heat release of $100MJ/m^2$, and the varnish-laminated paper showed the highest peak heat release rate. From the thermogravimetric analysis, it was shown that all specimens underwent rapid weight loss at $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$. The limit oxygen indices of the laminated paper and the varnish-laminated paper were in the range of 20~21%, while it was 34% for wood. This study enabled us to confirm that wood, laminated paper and varnish-laminated paper have a relatively short ignition time and are easy to burn but they all have low heat release. In contrast, wood showed the lowest fire risk among them and had excellent flame retardancy but with high heat release.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

Utility-Pipe Conduit is, Housing and city effectively accommodate what they absolutely need power, communications, gas, pipeline, water supply, drainage, energy facilities etc, according to expansion of urban infrastructure are derived, several ways to solve problems in, collection facilities in place are maintained and managed facility. If Utility-Pipe Conduit is damaged, as well as national security, because their impact on society as a whole, by introducing large vulnerability in the fire prevention activities and suppression measures and disaster for our situation by introducing measures, comprehensive analysis of the fire risk, it shall establish fire prevention activities and suppression through analysis of Utility-Pipe Conduit design, institutional issues, the problem of fire protection facilities, fire spread phenomenon etc. Because of Utility-Pipe Conduit is an enclosed place, so incomplete combustion due to lack of oxygen supply that there are problem such dark smoke, carbon monoxide etc, toxic combustion products and heat generation and visual impairment is an issue difficult to enter. As well as fire prevention activities, the fire In light of the particularity of the under ground than above ground fire, so this phenomenon is weak fire fighting that fire to become effective fire fighting tactics, basically it is necessary difficulty softening, non-burn softening and prevent combustion expansion of the cable is installed on the Utility-Pipe Conduit, having to considering the specificity of the response command system and relevant organizations to establish an on-site, Structural identification and other information gathering required to record of Response agencies, keep air conditioning system 24 hours and strengthening Virtual Total Training of Response agen