• 센서학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.266-270
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• 2022

Owing to the rising volume of seaborne trade, oil spills damage the marine environment for over 250 yearly. Thus, various analysis methods such as the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscope, and gas chromatography are used to monitor oil spills at sea, but these methods are expensive. Recently, to reduce operational costs, an underwater fluorometer was adopted. However, this approach is not ideal for the remote sensing of oil spills because the device gets submerged in the sea. In this study, we have designed and developed a monitoring system that uses ultraviolet fluorescence to detect spilled oil or water from a distance, as well as proposed an analyzing method defining based on water Raman signal and QF535. Each fluorescence spectrum of water, oil (crude oil), and Bunker A was obtained using the system, and was calculated and analyzed from the spectrum individually. Based on the results of the analysis, we could successfully identity water and oil at a long distance.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

Over 30% of domestic soil contamination has occurred via petroleum products and complex oil. Moreover, contamination by complex oil is more intense than it is by a single petroleum product species. In this study, we analyzed sectional TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) pattern and sectional ratio of current domestically distributed petroleum products, such as kerosene, diesel, bunker C, and lubricant and complex oils, to determine pollution characteristics of the soil. In the TPH pattern, kerosene, which is a light distillate, had an early retention time, and lubricant oil, which is a heavy distillate, had a late retention time in the gas chromatogram. In addition, we obtained a complexly contaminated soil via diesel and lubricant oil from the Navy and inspected it for its ratio of complex oil species. The inspection results showed that this soil was contaminated with 85% diesel and 15% lubricant oil. The method developed in this study could be used to determine complex petroleum sources and ratios at sites with accidentally contaminated soil.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1999년도 제19회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.105-110
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• 1999

The elementary experiment was performed to develop the emulsified fuel production system using pressure injection nozzle in this study. The stabilities and characteristics of emulsified fuel which is produced through direct spray of water via pressure injection nozzle into oil are examined. To understand performance of emulsion production, stabilities of emulsified fuel which is made by adding water to the mixed fuel of Bunker-C and 10 $^{\sim}$ 50 vol% of heating oil were investigated. According to volume ratios of surfactant in heating oil the stability and SMDs were measured

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.252-258
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• 1998

Biosurfactant를 생산하는 미생물을 토양으로부터 분리하였다. 그 중에서 표면장력 및 계면장력 감소능에서 가장 우수한 L-417주를 순수분리하여 동정한 결과, No-Cardia속으로 판명되었다. Biosurfactant 생산을 위한 최적 배지조성은 3% n-hexadecane, 0.1% $NaNO_3$, 0.02% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.01% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.01% $MgSO_4 \;.\;7H_2O$, 0.01% $CaCl_2$ 0.02% yeast extract였으며, 최적 온도와 pH는 각각 $30^{\circ}C$와 6.0이였다. 이러한 조건에서 500ml용 shaking flask에 최적 배지 50ml를 넣어 배양했을 경우 대수증식기 말기인 4일째에 균의 증식과 유화활성이 가장 높게 나타남에 따라 Nocardia sp. L-417에 의한 bio-surfactant의 생산은 균의 생육과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이계면활성제는 산업적으로 널리 사용되는 bunker A, paraffin, corn oil 및 oilve oil 등에 대해서도 비교적 높은 유화활성을 나타내였다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2022

벙커링은 선박 운항에 필요한 연료유의 공급과 더불어 이에 수반되는 연료 자체의 가격 및 공급에 따른 비용을 최소화하고 좋은 품질의 연료유를 적기에 그리고 최적 항구에서 보급한다. 이러한 벙커링은 최초 구매시점부터 벙커링 구매자체에 상당한 비용이 수반되어 선사에서 벙커링이 운항 비용 측면에서도 중요하다. 본 연구는 부정기선사의 벙커링 항만 선정요인을 규명하여 우선순위를 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 선행연구를 토대로 벙커링 항만을 선정하는 공통 요인을 분석하여 변수를 선정하였으며 상위 요인으로 가격 요인, 지리적 요인, 제품 품질과 항만 서비스 요인, 인프라 요인을 도출하였고 AHP기법을 활용하여 중요도를 산출하였다. 분석결과 상위요인은 비용 요인, 지리적 요인, 제품 품질 및 항만서비스, 인프라 요인 순으로 나타났으며 비용 요인과 지리적 요인의 중요도는 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 비용 요인의 하위 요인에서는 톤당 벙커 가격이 가장 높은 중요도를 나타냈고 지리적 요인에서는 주요 무역 항로상에 위치로 나타났다. 제품 품질과 항만 서비스의 하위 요인에서는 벙커링 가능 유종과 품질이 중요한 요인으로 분석되었으며 인프라 하위 요인에서는 묘박지, 적양하 작업 시 벙커링 가능여부, 항만 보안 요인이 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 벙커링 항만 선정요인을 비교하며 중요도를 도출하여 연구기준의 틀을 제시함으로써 벙커링 항만의 경쟁력 제고에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.679-690
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• 1997

Oil spill over the sea and the river become a serious problem in these days. Two different approaches are used to clean up the spilled oil by means of chemical dispersion and mechanical devices. If it is possible, removing spilled oil using mechanical devices are highly desirable in order not to worry about the secondary contamination from chemical treatment. One of the major unsolved problems using mechanical devices has been the recovery of highly viscous oil spill. So, the systematic experimental data for treating very viscous oil are still wanting. In the present study a series of experiments were carried out to study the effect of the rotational direction of the belt skimmer on the rate of oil recovery using Bunker C oil. Three different situations, namely, upward, downward and up-and-downward pickup rate have been investigated for variable belt speed. The results showed that the rate of oil recovery for downward pickup was much higher than that for upward pickup. The major mechanism to recover the oil using a belt skimmer has been confirmed that oil sticks to the belt surface while moving to the water rather than moving upward. For the removal of spilled oil the optimal belt speed under the present experimental conditions was found to be about 200 ~ 270 mm/s just before the starvation started. The present experimental results would provide the basis for understanding the performance characteristics and physics of various types of skimmers.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2012

The engine of a large ship operates under wet conditions using a fuel such as bunker C oil, which includes sulfur and many impurities. A cylinder liner made of cast iron is very susceptible to damage such as scuffing on the surface. This scuffing can reliably be attributed to the destruction of the oil film and the corrosion wear caused by water and sulfur included in the fuel, along with abrasion impurities and poor lubricants. In this study, a reciprocating friction and wear test was carried out with a cast iron specimen, which was used to simulate an engine cylinder in a corrosive environment. Base-oil and stirred oil containing distilled water, NaCl solution, and dilute sulfuric acid were used as lubricants. The friction surface was analyzed using a microscope and EDAX, and the friction coefficient was measured using a load-cell under each experimental condition. We then attempted to investigate the damage to the cylinder liner using the results.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1080-1088
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• 2008

This paper addresses some concerns faced by the shipping industry nowadays. Initially, the environmental issues were resolved and stricter regulations are now being implemented with regards to the exhaust gas, specifically nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx), emitted from ships. Secondly, with the increasing and unstable cost of fuel oils in the world market, it has become almost a necessity to explore on a new alternative fuel. Hence, this study was conducted. An experiment was carried-out on a fishing survey vessel with the main engine (M/E) and generator engine (G/E) operated on expensive marine gas oil (MGO). During the experiment, two pre-refinery systems were installed and different fuel oil samples were employed for the M/E and the G/E. Furthermore, the NOx emission and soot concentration were monitored and verified. The results confirmed the compatibility of some fuel oil types to the engines and meeting the emission standards. MDO, MF15 and Bunker A can be used in place of MGO for the engines(M/E, G/E).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2009

Objectives : This study presents a scientific basis for the establishment of an environmental health contingency plan for dealing with accidental coastal oil spills and suggests some strategies for use in an environmental health emergency. Methods : We reviewed the existing literature, and analyzed the various fundamental factors involved in response strategies for oil spill. Our analysis included data derived from Hebei Spirit oil spill and used air dispersion modeling. Results : Spill amounts of more than 1,000 kl can affect the health of residents along the coast, especially those who belong to vulnerable groups. Almost 30% of South Korean population lives in the vicinity of the coast. The area that is at the highest risk for a spill and that has the greatest number of people at risk is the stretch of coastline from Busan to Tongyeong. The most prevalent types of oil spilt in Korean waters have been crude oil and bunker-C oil, both of which have relatively high specific gravity and contain volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. In the case of a spill of more than 1,000 kl, it may be necessary to evacuate vulnerable and sensitive groups. Conclusions : The government should establish environmental health planning that considers the spill amount, the types of oil, and the distance between the spot of the accident and the coast, and should assemble a response team that includes environmental health specialists to prepare for the future oil spill.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2015

Recently, Korea shipping companies have been internally/externally difficult to manage their fleet due to the high price of bunker, wage and low cost of charterage and freight. To solve these problems, some shipping companies have tried to set up a new business regarding offshore plant supply vessel(OSV). Owing to the absence of big oil field near the Korea coast, OSV market has not been gradually progressing as far. This study intends to review the legal review of both international and municipal law for the OSV. Therefore I have provided basic legal information to the domestic shipping companies which have desired to enter the OSV's market and suggest legal revision harmoniously to identify the problem in the municipal law.