• 제목/요약/키워드: Built in Self Test

검색결과 147건 처리시간 0.023초

기혼여성의 피임행위에 관한 설명모형 (A Structural Equation Model Explaining Contraception Behaviors of Married Korean Women)

  • 김미종
    • 여성건강간호학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.141-156
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to develop and test the structural model of a contraceptive behavior in Married Korean women. A hypothesis model was constructed on the basis of the health belief model, the theory of planned behavior and extensive literature review of contraception. The model was built by seven constructs. Four exogeneous variables included in the model were consisted of the contraceptive knowledges, the perceived threats, the sexual autonomy and the communication within a couple. Four endogenous variables were consisted of the attitudes toward contraception, the perceived control, the ability to plan a intercourse and the contraceptive behaviors. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model were collected by the self report questionnaires from 243 Korean married women. The questionnaires used in this study were developed by this researcher and their Cronbach's alpha scores were ranged from .60 to .88. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program(ver. 8.0) for descriptive statistical analysis and LISREL program(ver. 8.12a) for covariance structural analysis. On the basis of this results, it could be suggested that contraceptive behaviors be greatly affected by the perceived threats, the communications within couple, the attitudes toward contraception and the perceived control. Finally this model would be useful for the practice, theory and research of nursing.

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기준 메모리를 이용한 메모리 컴파일러 특성화 방법 (Characterization Method of Memory Compiler Using Reference Memories)

  • 신우철;송혜경;정원영;조경순
    • 전자공학회논문지
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    • 제51권2호
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2014
  • 본 논문에서는 메모리 컴파일러를 정확하고 빠르게 특성화할 수 있도록 기준 메모리를 기반으로 특성화하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 특성화 방법은 메모리 컴파일러의 정확도를 유지하면서 특성화 시간을 최소화하기 위해 메모리 컴파일러의 타이밍 경향을 분석하고 분석 결과를 토대로 기준 메모리를 선정하고, 메모리간의 경향성을 대변할 수 있도록 모델링하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법론을 검증하기 위하여 130nm에서 개발된 메모리 컴파일러를 제안한 방법을 이용하여 110nm 메모리 컴파일러를 특성화하였다. 이를 통해 생성한 메모리들의 특성과 SPICE를 사용하여 특성화한 결과를 비교하여 메모리 타이밍의 평균 오차율은 ${\pm}0.1%$ 이내였으며 실제 110nm 공정을 사용하여 제작된 메모리 BIST(Built-In Self Test) 테스트 칩으로 기능 검사한 결과, 수율(Yield)이 98.8% 임을 확인하였다. 또한, 180nm 공정을 사용하여 비교한 결과, 수율이 98.3%로 그 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

IEEE 1500 표준 기반의 효율적인 프로그램 가능한 메모리 BIST (IEEE std. 1500 based an Efficient Programmable Memory BIST)

  • 박영규;최인혁;강성호
    • 전자공학회논문지
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.114-121
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    • 2013
  • Systems-On-Chips(SoC)에서 내장 메모리가 차지하는 비중은 비약적으로 증가하여 전체 트랜지스터 수의 80%~90%를 차지하고 있어, SoC에서 내장된 메모리에 대한 테스트 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문은 다양한 테스트 알고리즘을 지원하는 IEEE 1500 래퍼 기반의 프로그램 가능한 메모리 내장 자체 테스트(PMBIST) 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 PMBIST는 March 알고리즘 및 Walking, Galloping과 같은 non-March 알고리즘을 지원하여 높은 flexibility, programmability 및 고장 검출률을 보장한다. PMBIST는 최적화된 프로그램 명령어와 작은 프로그램 메모리에 의해 최적의 하드웨어 오버헤드를 가진다. 또한 제안된 고장 정보 처리 기술은 수리와 고장 진단을 위해 2개의 진단 방법을 효과적으로 지원하여 메모리의 수율 향상을 보장한다.

다중 주사 경로 회로 기판을 위한 내장된 자체 테스트 기법의 연구 (A Study on Built-In Self Test for Boards with Multiple Scan Paths)

  • 김현진;신종철;임용태;강성호
    • 전자공학회논문지C
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    • 제36C권2호
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    • pp.14-25
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    • 1999
  • 인쇄 회로 보드 수준의 테스팅을 위해 제안된 IEEE 표준 1149.1은 보드상의 테스트 지점에 대한 제어용이도와 관측용이도를 향상시켜 보드의 테스트를 용이하게 해준다. 그러나, 경계 주사 환경에서는 테스트 입력과 테스트 결과에 따른 데이터가 하나의 주사 연결에 의해서 직렬로 이동된다. 이는 테스트 적용시간을 증가시키고 따라서 테스트에 드는 비용을 증가시킨다. 테스트에 소모되는 시간을 줄이기 위해 병렬로 다중주사 경로를 구성하는 방법이 제안되었다. 하지만 이는 여분의 입출력 핀과 내선을 필요로 한다. 더구나 IEEE 표준 1149.1은 주사 경로 상에 있는 IC들의 병렬 동작을 지원하지 않기 때문에 표준에 맞게 설계하기가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 하나의 테스트 버스로 두 개의 주사 경로를 동시에 제안하는 다중 주사 경로 접근 알고리즘에 기초하여 적은 면적 오버헤드를 가지고 빠른 시간 내에 보드를 테스트할 수 있는 새로운 보드수준의 내장된 자체 테스트 구조를 구현하였다. 제안된 내장된 자체 테스트 구조는 두 개의 주사 경로에 대한 테스트 입력과 테스트 결과를 이동시킬 수 있으므로 테스트에 소모되는 시간을 줄일 수 있고 또한 테스트 입력의 생성과 테스트 결과의 분석에 소모되는 비용을 줄일 수 있다.

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정보기술 수용 후 주관적 지각 형성: 사용 경험에서 형성된 습관, 기대일치, 자기효능감의 역할 (What happens after IT adoption?: Role of habits, confirmation, and computer self-efficacy formed by the experiences of use)

  • 김용영;오상조;안중호;장정주
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.25-51
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    • 2008
  • Researchers have been continuously interested in the adoption of information technology (IT) since it is of great importance to the information systems success and it is also an important stage to the success. Adoption alone, however, does not ensure information systems success because it does not necessarily lead to achieving organizational or individual objectives. When an organization or an individual decide to adopt certain information technologies, they have objectives to accomplish by using those technologies. Adoption itself is not the ultimate goal. The period after adoption is when users continue to use IT and intended objectives can be accomplished. Therefore, continued IT use in the post-adoption period accounts more for the accomplishment of the objectives and thus information systems success. Previous studies also suggest that continued IT use in the post-adoption period is one of the important factors to improve long-term productivity. Despite the importance there are few empirical studies focusing on the user behavior of continued IT use in the post-adoption period. User behavior in the post-adoption period is different from that in the pre-adoption period. According to the technology acceptance model, which explains well about the IT adoption, users decide to adopt IT assessing the usefulness and the ease of use. After adoption, users are exposed to new experiences and they shape new beliefs different from the thoughts they had before. Users come to make decisions based on their experiences of IT use whether they will continue to use it or not. Most theories about the user behaviors in the pre-adoption period are limited in describing them after adoption since they do not consider user's experiences of using the adopted IT and the beliefs formed by those experiences. Therefore, in this study, we explore user's experiences and beliefs in the post-adoption period and examine how they affect user's intention to continue to use IT. Through deep literature reviews on the construction of subjective beliefs by experiences, we draw three meaningful constructs which theoretically have great impacts on the continued use of IT: perceived habit, confirmation, and computer self-efficacy. Then, we examine the role of the subjective beliefs on the cognitive/affective attitudes and intention to continue to use that IT. We set up a research model and conducted survey research. Since IT use implies interactions among a user, IT, and a task, we carefully selected the sample of users using same/similar IT to perform same/similar tasks, to exclude unwanted influences of other factors than subjective beliefs on the IT use. We also considered that the sample of users were able to make decisions to continue to use IT volitionally or at least quasi-volitionally. For each construct, we used measurement items recognized for reliability and widely used in the previous research. We slightly modified some items proper to the research context and a pilot test was carried out for forty users of a portal service in a university. We performed a full-scale survey after verifying the reliability of the measurement. The results show that the intention to continue to use IT is strongly influenced by cognitive/affective attitudes, perceived habits, and computer self-efficacy. Confirmation affects the intention to continue indirectly through cognitive/affective attitudes. All the constructs representing the subjective beliefs built by the experiences of IT use have direct and/or indirect impacts on the intention of users. The results also show that the attitudes in the post-adoption period are formed, at least partly, by the experiences of IT use and newly shaped beliefs after adoption. The findings suggest that subjective beliefs built by the experiences have deep impacts on the continued use. The results of the study signify that while experiencing IT in the post-adoption period users form new beliefs, attitudes, and intentions which may be different from those of the pre-adoption period. The results of this study partly demonstrate that the beliefs shaped by the behaviors, those are the experiences of IT use, influence users' attitudes and intention. The results also suggest that behaviors (experiences) also change attitudes while attitudes shape behaviors. If we combine the findings of this study with the results of the previous research on IT adoption, we can propose a cycle of IT adoption and use where behavior shapes attitude, the attitude forms new behavior, and that behavior shapes new attitude. Different from the previous research, the study focused on the user experience after IT adoption and empirically demonstrated the strong influence of the subjective beliefs formed in the post-adoption period on the continued use. This partly confirms the differences between attitudes in the pre-adoption and in the post-adoption period. Users continuously change their attitudes and intentions while experiencing (using) IT. Therefore, to make users adopt IT and to make them use IT after adoption is a different problem. To encourage users to use IT after adoption, experiential variables such as perceived habit, confirmation, and computer self-efficacy should be managed properly.

창호의 광학적 특성에 따른 ZeSH의 일사취득 및 난방부하에 관한 민감도 분석 (A Sensitivity Analysis about Solar Heat Gain and Heating Load of ZeSH According to Optical Characteristics of Window system)

  • 손선우;백남춘;서승직
    • 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.66-71
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    • 2009
  • To reduce the building energy consumption, the major advanced nations are conducting actively many researches on so called a "self-sufficient building(or other words zero energy building)" which can support its required energy by itself. Given this background, KIER(Korea Institute of Energy Research) built full size test-bed of the zero energy solar house in early 2002, and has studied on the self-sufficient heating load up to now. We analyse the sensitivity between the heating load and the solar radiation gain according to the change the effective transmittance of windows. The authors classified 9 cases by solar transmittance of glass. The results demonstrate the solar radiation amount is 0.466 MWh from the eastern zone of Fl.,1(the first floor), 0.332 MWh from Fl.,2(the second floor), 1.194 MWh form the southern zone of F1., and 0.822 MWh from the southern zone of Fl.,2 on the case 1(each cases are classified by window types). On the case 9, the solar radiation amount is 3.127 MWh, 2.662 MWh, 8.799 MWh and 6.078 MWh from the same condition. For the Fl.,1, the amount of Heat Load that is saved per year ranged 10.5 to 48 %, and the reduction was anywhere from 0.2 to 17.9% for Fl.,2

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창호의 유효투과율을 고려한 제로에너지 태양열 주택의 난방부하 분석에 관한 연구 (A Study on Heating Load Analysis of Zero Energy Solar House Considering the Effective Transmittance of Window)

  • 손선우;백상훈;이현수;백남춘;서승직
    • 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.62-69
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    • 2009
  • To reduce the building energy consumption, the major advanced nations are conducting actively many researches on so called a "self-sufficient building(or other words zero energy building)" which can support its required energy by itself. Given this background, KIER(Korea Institute of Energy Research) built full size test-bed of the zero energy solar house in early 2001, and has studied on the self-sufficient heating load up to now. We analyse the sensitivity between the heating load and the solar radiation gain according to the change the effective transmittance of windows. The authors classified 9 cases by solar transmittance of glass. The results demonstrate the solar radiation amount is 0.466 MWh from the eastern zone of Fl.,1(the first floor), 0.332 MWh from Fl.,2(the second floor), 1.194 MWh form the southern zone of F1., and 0.822 MWh from the southern zone of Fl.,2 on the case 1(each cases are classified by window types). On the case 9, the solar radiation amount is 3.127 MWh, 2.662 MWh, 8.799 MWh and 6.078 MWh from the same condition. For the Fl.,1, the amount of Heat Load that is saved per year ranged 10.5 to 48%, and the reduction was anywhere from 0.2 to 17.9% for Fl.,2.

중년여성의 우울 구조모형 (A Structural Model for Depression in Middle-aged Women)

  • 박금자;이경혜
    • 여성건강간호학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.69-84
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to develope and test the structural model for depression in middle-aged women. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of previous studies and a review of literatures. The conceptual framework was built around eight constructs. Exogenous variables included in this model were volunteer activity, health status & economic status. Endogenous variables were meaning of life, self-esteem, perceived life stress & depression. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected using a self-report questionnaire from 216 middle-aged women in Pusan City. The Data was collected from May to June, 1999. Reliability of the seven instruments tested with Cronbach's alpha was ranged from .86-.94. For the data analysis, SPSS 7.5 WIN Program and LISREL 8.12 WIN Program were used for descriptive statistics and covariance structural analysis. The results of covariance structure analysis were as follows: 1. The hypothetical model showed a good fit with the empirical data. [$x^2$/df=2.87(p=.72), GFI=1.00, AGFI=.98, RMSR=.025, NFI=.99, standardized residuals ($-1.44{\sim}1.44$)]. 2. To heighten for the parsimony and fitness of the model, a modified model was constructed by deleting according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaning. 3. The modified model also showed a good fit with the data. [$x^2$=5.26(01=7,p=.63), GFI=.99, AGFl=.97, RMSR=.025, NFI=.99, standardized reslduals ($-1.50{\sim}1.45$)] Results of the testing of the hypothesis were as follows : 1. Self-esteem(${\beta}_{42}$=-.48, t=-5.64) had a negative and perceived life stress(${\beta}_{43}$=.20, t=3.21)had a positive direct effect on depression. Meaning of life had a negative direct(${\beta}_{41}$=-.17, t=-2.19) and a negative indirect effect through self-esteem on depression. Volunteer activity had a negative indirect effect through meaning of life, meaning of life and self-esteem on depression. Health status had a negative direct and a negative indirect effect through meaning of life, meaning of life and self-esteem on depression. Economic status had a negative indirect effect through perceived life stress on depression. Self-esteem was the most significant variable. 2. Volunteer activity(${\gamma}_{11}$=.43, t=6.78) and health status(${\gamma}_{12}$=.35, t=4.88) had positive direct effect on meaning of life. 3. Meaning of life(${\beta}_{21}$=.50, t=6.53) had a positive direct effect on self-esteem. Volunteer activity had a positive indirect effect through meaning of life on self-esteem. Health status had a positive direct(${\gamma}_{22}$=.18, t=2.23) and a indirect effect through meaning of life on self-esteem. Meaning of life was the most significant variable. 4. Economic status (${\gamma}_{33}$=-.44, t값=-6.01) had a positive direct effect on perceived life stress. The results of this study showed that self-esteem had the most significant direct effect on depression. Meaning of life and health status had significant direct effect on this self-esteem. Volunteer activity and health status had direct effect on meaning of life. The results of this study suggested that there is a need to develope intervention to promote degree of self-esteem and alleviate degree of depression in middle-aged women.

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천이 감시 윈도우를 이용한 새로운 저전력 LFSR 구조 (A New Low Power LFSR Architecture using a Transition Monitoring Window)

  • 김유빈;양명훈;이용;;강성호
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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    • 제42권8호
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문은 새로운 저전력 BIST 패턴 생성기에 대해 제안하고 있다. 이는 천이 감시 윈도우 블록과 MUX로 구성된 천이 감시 윈도우를 사용하는데, LFSR(linear feedback shift register)에서 생성되는 무작위 테스트 패턴의 패턴 천이 수 분포가 유사 무작위 가우시안(pseudo-random gaussian) 분포를 보이는 성질을 이용한다. 제안된 방식에서 천이 감시 윈도우는 스캔 체인에서 높은 전력 소모의 원인이 되는 초과 천이를 감지하고, k-value라는 억제 천이 수를 통해 초과 천이를 억제하는 역할을 한다 ISCAS'89 벤치마크 회로 중 많은 수의 스캔 입력을 갖는 회로를 사용하여 실험한 결과, 성능 손실 없이 약 $60\%$정도의 스캔 천이 수 감소를 나타내었다.

버즈 두바이 콘크리트 건물의 설계와 시공 (Design and Construction of the Burj Dubai Concrete Building Project)

  • Abdelrazaq, Ahmad
    • 콘크리트학회지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.28-35
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    • 2008
  • 700미터 이상의 높이와 160층 이상으로 설계된 버즈두바이가 완공되면 버즈두바이는 인간이 건축한 건축물 중에서 최고높이의 건축물이 될 것이다. 바람의 동적효과를 완화하고 제어시키는 것이 가장 중요한 설계요소중의 하나이며, 설계초기의 공기역학적 형상과 풍공학에 대한 고려가 이러한 주상복합건물의 건축적 형상 및 디자인에 있어 큰 역할을 하는 반면, 건물의 구조시스템을 위한 재료 선택 또한 디자인의 중요한 요소이고 그 다음으로 세부적인 재료기술에 대한 평가 및 기술자 수급이 요구되어진다. 콘크리트는 콘크리트의 강도, 강성, 감쇠, 잉여력, 형틀성, 내화성, 시공성, 원가 등을 고려하여 선정된다. 이 논문은 콘크리트를 활용한 구조시스템을 적용하면서의 설계적으로 도전되었던 부분과 버즈두바이의 콘크리트공사의 초기계획에 대해 집중적으로 다룰 것이다.