• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2015

When it comes to these buildings for business use, cooling load during summertime was reported to have great importance which, as a result, impressively increased interest in Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC). Such SHGC is considered to be lowered with the help of colors and functions of glass itself, internal shading devices, insulation films and others but basically, these external shading devices for initial blocking that would not allow solar heat to come in from outside the buildings are determined to be most effective. Of many different external shading devices, this thesis conducted an analysis on Exterior Venetian Blind. As for vertical shading devices, previous researches already calculated SHGC conveniently using concepts of sky-opening ratios. However in terms of the Venetian Blind, such correlation is not possibly applied. In light of that, in order to extract a valid correlation, this study first introduced a concept called shape factor, which would use the breadth and a space of a shade, before carrying out the analysis. As a consequence, the concept helped this study to find a very similar correlation. Results of the analysis are summarized as follows. (1) Regarding SHGC depending on the surface reflectance of a shade, an average of 2% error is observed and yet, the figure can always be ignored when it comes to a simple calculation. (2) As for SHGC of each bearing, this study noticed deviations of 4% or less and in the end, it is confirmed that extraction can be achieved with no more than one correlation formula. (3) When only the shape factor and nothing else is used for finding a correlation formula, the formula with a deviation of approximately 5% or less is what one would expect. (4) Since the study observed slight differences in bearings depending on ranges of the shape factors, it needed to extract a weighted value of each bearing, and learned that the smaller the shape factor, the wider the range of a weighted value. The study now suggests that a follow-up research to extract a simple calculation formula by dealing with all these various inclined angles of shade, solar radiation conditions of each region (the ratio of diffuse radiation to direct radiation and others) as well as seasonal features should be carried out.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

In today's diversified society, it is hard to know which building style represents the architectural style of the time. The simplicity found in monolithic-style buildings forms a symmetrical point with fairly complex structure, and its value can be acknowledged. This study analyzes buildings made of insulating lightweight aggregate concrete in the early 21st century, defines the concept of monolithic expression, and examines how these characteristics are expressed in the space, forms, and structural methods in construction. Unlike a multi-layered exterior wall system, which features multiple layers composed of a variety of materials, the exterior walls built with insulating lightweight aggregate concrete comes in a lump form with a mold form that is tightly filled with concrete as a single material and is monolithic. This is attributed to the creation of spaces characterized by the homogeneity of inner and outer spaces with the use of the same material, continuity of the surface as solidity, spatial characteristics of the stereotomic construction, expression of materiality with the use of exposed concrete, and the contrast of the lump and the space. This not only reveals formal characteristics that expose a discourse about monolithic architecture in contemporary architecture but also provide an opportunity to extend the range of discussion to structures and materials and even to their effects on space.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2014

The ventilation frequency of 0.5 times in residential facilities is applied mandatorily to the housing facilities containing more than 100 house units to improve the indoor air quality and create comfortable interior conditions and pleasantness for residents. The Building Energy Efficiency Rating system requires the implementation of leakage test based on ventilation frequency with the test results being reflected in the efficiency ratings, thereby stimulating the precise construction of the fittings in the periphery of windows and savings of energy that can be lost due to the infiltration air. The inspection results of the Building Energy Efficiency Rating at the site showed that the ventilation frequency was in the range between 0.63 and 0.71 and that the difference was found to have a significant effect on the amount of energy reduction. It is urgent to conduct the study on highly leakage-proof buildings and construction methods, along with the expansion of mandatory leakage-proof diagnosis of non-residential buildings, considering the mandatory ventilation frequency below 0.6 for passive houses under the European standards and the target set by Korea to introduce the passive house, the rigorous standard for energy efficiency in buildings and mitigating their ecological footprint, by 2017 and achieve the zero house by 2025.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2497-2504
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze the 'Standard Drawings for School Facilities' issued by Seoul Education Committee in 1975 because it is the early example for middle school architecture. The results of this study are summarized as follows 1) In general trend of single-corridor type block plan, there are also changes in floor plan like no-corridor type block plan, $9.9{\times}6.6m$ classroom unit for the better daylight condition, built-in storage for students. 2) As for elevation design, it is characterized as daylight-oriented, functional exterior for without making full use of design elements. 3) Standardized dimensions are used as a rule in the height of story, ceiling, window sill and etc. Transitional characteristics of the early RC school architecture are found in exposed ceiling, incomplete insulation structure and mixed use of wood framed floor of earlier type. 4) Contrast to main school building, gymnasium shows the intend to express the symbolism of school architecture with diverse elevation design elements and the plasticity of building mass. 5) Separated plan of toilet and night-duty building also show the transitional characteristics. As conclusion, though showing the stereotyped school architecture, on the other hand, 'Standard Drawings for School Facilities' (1975) makes it possible to see the way of coping with the demands for school architecture in that time and the transition of school architecture. This is the main value of it as the material for the studies related to the history of educational facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.18-24
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to validate thermal hinderance effects, i.e., feasibilities, of fire-proof structure for LPG tank exposed to fire from adjacent burning building. The panel materials suggested for the fire-proof structure are (1) 10 mm-thick wood, (2) wood with fireproof coating, (3) 75 mm-thick Expanded Polystyrene, (4) 75 mm-thick glass wool filled sandwich panel, and (5) 75 mm-thick autoclaved lightweight concrete. The square planar fire source of 1 ㎡, a matrix of nozzles releasing 120-140 g/s of LPG, is used to heat up the wall and the tank beyond, mimicking heat transfer from burning exterior wall finishes. The feasibility is tested by inspecting structural integrity after test, and then by examining temperatures at both sides of panels and tank's front surface as well as heat fluxes. As a result, it can be concluded that, among the suggested sample materials, fire-proof wall with ALC panel only showed the feasibility for explosion prevention with the proven evidences of structural integrity and least increase in temperature of tank.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.621-628
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• 2022

The most realistic way to reduce noise outside the building, such as road traffic noise and aircraft noise, is to strengthen the sound insulation performance at the sound collecting points such as balconies, windows, and exterior walls of each building. However, in light of the reality that shading devices outside buildings are not yet widely used, there are not many studies on sound insulation performance improvement using external windows and window devices such as louvers and blinds. In particular, external blinds can not only block the inflow of strong sunlight in the morning and evening from the outside of the building, but also target the sound insulation effect that blocks the peak noise that occurs during commuting hours. In this study, a study was conducted to improve sound insulation performance against external noise by using an external electric blind (EEB), which is one of the most efficient window and door external shading devices. Various sound insulation performance tests were conducted while changing the configuration of external electric blinds developed for light blocking purposes. Through this, it was verified that an additional sound insulation performance of 6 dB can be obtained by installing an external electric blind compared to the reduction performance of general windows.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.85-91
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• 2012

To reduce human life and property damage at the fire in a building, it is most critical to control flame spread in the early stage. Fire spread prevention measure generally includes fire resistance performance securing of structure member in the arson zone and use limitation based on combustion performance of finishing material. The latter is most fundamental fire safety design to determine flame spread, but domestic combustion test determines combustion performance by specimen sized fire test method. Thus, there are many restrictions in the determination of combustion performance by composite material such as sandwich panel. Especially, outer finishing material uses a variety of composite material such as dry bit, aluminum composite panel, and metal panel compared to inner finishing material. Therefore, this study would determine vertical fire spread features by a full scaled fire experiment through the test method of ISO 13785-2, an international test standard.

• Architectural research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2007

The objective of this research study was twofold; 1) to explore and identify health supportive design factors in Swedish elderly care homes and 2) to understand their usefulness and suggest implication in Korean elderly care settings. A descriptive and explorative method was applied using a combination of field studies and semi-structured interviews. Three study trips were carried out during Sept. $14^{th}$ and Oct. $12^{th}$ 2005; two facilities situated in Stockholm suburbs and one in the south of Sweden. According to this research, the valuable factors to support health and well-being for the elderly are as follows; 1) Community integration: These elderly care homes are generally places close to a residential area center or a city center. Services are often shared between residents and community members at large, consequently there is a flow of "visitors" of all ages connecting with the facility on a daily basis. 2) Homelike environment: A noteworthy aspect of Swedish elderly care homes is keeping the facility appearance as homelike as possible. The associations with home may be explored through the appearance and configuration of both the exterior and interior of the building. These homes seemed to be designed with a conscious aim to create a homelike setting. 3) Small scale approach: Clustering of resident rooms is one method through which the small scale approach can be achieved in larger facilities. With unit clusters, the facility can foster opportunities for social interactions among resident. 4) Accessibility to garden and nature: The courtyard is a well developed concept in planning elderly care homes in Sweden. They are generally safe and easily accessible to the residents. Studying Swedish models may provide practical knowledge of how the physical setting may improve resident's health in Korean elderly care homes.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.479-497
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• 2016

Many experimental studies have evaluated the in-plane behavior of reinforced concrete frames in order to understand mechanisms that resist progressive collapse. The effects of transverse beams, frames and slabs often are neglected due to their probable complexities. In the present study, an experimental and numerical assessment is performed to investigate the effects of transverse beams on the collapse behavior of reinforced concrete frames. Tests were undertaken on a 3/10-scale reinforced concrete sub-assemblage, consisting of a double-span beam and two end columns within the frame plane connected to a transverse frame at the middle joint. The specimen was placed under a monotonic vertical load to simulate the progressive collapse of the frame. Alternative load paths, mechanism of formation and development of cracks and major resistance mechanisms were compared with a two-dimensional scaled specimen without a transverse beam. The results demonstrate a general enhancement in resistance mechanisms with a considerable emphasis on the flexural capacity of the transverse beam. Additionally, the role of the transverse beam in restraining the rotation of the middle joint was evident, which in turn leads to more ductile behavior. A macro-model was also developed to further investigate progressive collapse in three dimensions. Along with the validated numerical model, a parametric study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the removed column location and beam section details on the progressive collapse behavior.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.194-200
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• 1997

A two-dimensional shallow-water flow around a cavity driven by a sinusoidally oscillating external flow was studied numerically. A container model of "T" shape was constructed in the numerical computation for comparison with the experimental observation. The numerical computation shows that the aspect ratio of the cavity is not much affecting the overall flow pattern, and for the aspect ratio 2, the deep region of the cavity has a stagnant flow motion. At larger Reynolds number, the flow field is characterized by many small vortices which are not present in the flow visualization. The flow pattern in the external region is in good agreement with the experimentally recorded particle trajectories. It turns out that two large coherent vortices situated in the exterior region of the cavity are responsible for clockwise and counterclockwise drift motions, in large scale, of particles.particles.