• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.580-593
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether seawater has positive effects on appearance characteristics, such as CIE a^*, and to determine the gas composition concentration that is suitable for maintaining it. Pork hind meat was cured with four types of curing agent for 5 d at 4℃. The different curing agents comprised the control salt, control nitrite pickling salt (CN), treatment brine, and treatment bittern (BT). The cured hams were cooked at 65℃ for 4 h and packaged at O₂:N₂ gas ratios of 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1 for 3 wk. The physicochemical properties were assessed immediately after heating the sample, and the color properties were measured after a 3 wk storage period. Based on the correlation results of the physicochemical properties, BT had a higher curing and cooking yield than the other treatments, owing to its high salinity. Results of color properties for BT (7:3) and CN (8:2) showed similar color CIE L^*, CIE a^* chroma, and hue angle values. Therefore, BT can be said to be a sous-vide curing agent suitable for preserving the color of ham, and a high nitrogen concentration of 30% helps to maintain the appearance of seawater sous-vide ham.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2013

Purpose: To report the successful results of using chin bone graft and autogenous tooth bone graft material (AutoBT) in alveolar cleft patients. Materials and Methods: Five patients with alveolar cleft defects underwent alveolar bone grafting. Three patients were treated using chin bone graft, and the other two patients underwent AutoBT graft. After implant site development using chin bone graft in the fi rst three cases, endosseous implant restorations were placed. In case #4 and 5, AutoBT graft material was placed to guide the normal eruption of partially impacted maxillary right canine and to the upper docking site after distraction osteogenesis. Result: Successful implant restorations with closure of the oronasal fistula were achieved in alveolar cleft defect reconstruction using either chin bone graft (Case #1, 2, 3) or AutoBT graft material (Case #4, 5). Case #4 showed enlarged follicle of the right maxillary canine, indicating a normal eruption guide pattern. Conclusion: Both chin bone graft and AutoBT graft showed favorable outcomes in reconstructing alveolar cleft defects. Autogenous tooth bone graft opens up the possibility of avoiding harvesting autogenous bone graft with complications and morbidities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2018

This study was done to develop environmental risk assessments and a biosafety guide for insect-resistant genetically modified rice at a LMO (Living Modified Organism) isolation field. In the LMO quarantine area of Kyungpook National University, the species diversities and population densities of non-target insects found on insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) resistant to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and on non-GM rices (Dongjin and Ilmi) were investigated. The Bt-9 event was therefore evaluated under field conditions to detect possible impacts on the above ground insects and spiders. The study compared transgenic rice and two non-GM reference rices, Ilmi and Dongjin, at Gunwi in Southern Korea in 2016. Each rice was grown on three $18m^2$ plots with a randomized block design. A total of 4,243 individuals from 43 families and 9 orders were collected from the LMO isolation field. In the three types of rice fields, a total of 1,467 individuals from the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9), 1,423 individuals from the Ilmi, and 1,353 individuals from the Dongjin were collected, respectively. There was no difference between the population densities of the non-target insect pests, natural enemies and other insects on the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) and non-GM rices. These results provide the diversity and population density of non-target insects for an environment risk assessment survey on insect-resistant genetically modified rice and could be used as a guideline to make a biosafety assessment method for genetically modified crops.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

This study was to investigate an effective biological control of forage diseases and provide a basic data and a model in improving variety of antagonistic bacteria, with growth promoting effect on forage, through cell fusion. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The antagonistic himbacterium against soil-borne phathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from continuous cropping himsphere soil of forage, and its biological and physiological characteristics were investigated. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subrilis and named BS 101. Another strain for cell fusion was Bacillus thur ingiensis ssp. kurstaki HD-I(BT 37669) with insecticidal crystal. 2. The auxotropic mutants of BS 101 and BT 37669 were derived after mutagenesis using N-methyl-N'nitro- Nitrosoguanidine(NTG) to give amino acid requirement marker. n e s e auxotropic mutants of BS 101 and BT 37669 were named BS 1013(his-) and BT 69(asp-), respectively. 3. The best protoplast requirement was obtained using DM 3 medium, containing 5% casamino acid, 1 M $MgCI_2$ and 2% bovine semm albumin, to give Fusant 3, 7 and 8. BT toxin gene was not identified with fusants by Southern blotting. However, SDS-PAGE analysis of strains showed various protein patterns among fusants. 4. From the dark culture experiment, growth of forage in inoculated soil with antagonistic bacteria was delayed than that of non-inoculated soil with antagonistic bacteria in each continuous cropping soil and in each sterilized soil. On the other hand, growth duration of forage was different between continuous cropping soil and sterilized soil. 5. Seed germination of Alfalfa, Italian ryegrass and Orchardgrass were significantly improved by inoculation of antagonistic bacteria(p< 0.05).

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2005

This study examined the time course effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the body weight, adipose depots and lipid profiles of ICR male mice using two different sources of fats in the diet Ninety eight mice weighing 25 to 30 g were divided into four groups: beef tallow (BT) and fish oil (FO), beef tallow with CLA supplementation (BTC), and fish oil with CLA supplementation (FOC) group. Eight to nine mice in each group were fed with the experimental diets for 1, 2 or 4 weeks, respectively. All mice were fed experimental diets containing $12\%$ of total dietary fat (w/w) with or without $0.5\%$ CLA (w/w). CLA supplementation did not affect the body weight The weight of epididymal and visceral fats were significantly lower in BTC compared to those in BT groups during the periods examined (p<0.05), whereas they were significantly lower in FOC than those in FO only at 4 weeks (p<0.05). The levels of triglycerides in the plasma were significantly decreased in the BTC group than in BT group throughout the experimental periods (p<0.05). But, FOC was only effective at 4 weeks as compared to FO. The levels of total cholesterol and HDL-C were significantly increased in the BTC than in BT during the entire period (p<0.05), whereas there were no difference between FO and FOC on the levelsof total cholesterol and HDL-C. The levels of free fatty acids (FFA) were significantly decreased in BTC than in BT at 1 and 4weeks and in FOC only at 4 weeks as compared to FO (p<0.05). Taken these results together, CLA was more effective in the beef tallow diet in lowering the epididymal and visceral fat weights and triglyceride level rather than fish oil diet with CLA. Furthermore, the effect became clearer at 4 weeks than at one week of the experiment.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2009

This study involves a relationship between butyltins concentrations and histopathological changes of the digestive gland in the equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis exposed to TBTCl of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ${\mu}g/L$ for 36 weeks. In the sediment, total butyltin (${\sum}BT$) concentration was detected ND~7.54 (0.4 ${\mu}g/L$), ND~9.76 (0.6 ${\mu}g/L$), 1.22~13.13 ${\mu}g/L$ (0.8 ${\mu}g/L$), respectively. Especially, TBT level in 0.8 ${\mu}g/L$ group was the highest for 36 weeks. In the soft tissue, total butyltin (${\sum}BT$) concentration of the exposure group was 10.14~12.75 (control), 479.29~1,286.56 (0.4 ${\mu}g/L$), 563.32~2,154.82 (0.6 ${\mu}g/L$) and 1,317.70~2,132.60 ${\mu}g/L$ (0.8 ${\mu}g/L$), respectively. Ratio of TBT to ${\sum}BT$ of the tissue of 0.8 ${\mu}g/L$ kept the lowest level for 36 weeks. The ${\sum}BT$ concentrations of sediment were correlated with ${\sum}BT$ concentrations in the tissue. In the exposure groups, necrosis and atrophy of columnar epithelial cell and collapse of epithelial layer in the digestive tubule. And there was a reduction in stain affinity of basophilic cell. Such histological degenerations was more severe in digestive tubule of 0.8 ${\mu}g/L$ group.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2011

In this study, we demonstrated Fourier-domain/swept-source optical coherence tomography (FD/SS-OCT) at a center wavelength of 800 nm for in vivo human retinal imaging. A wavelength-swept source was constructed with a semiconductor optical amplifier, a fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter, isolators, and a fiber coupler in a ring cavity. Our swept source produced a laser output with a tuning range of 42 nm (779 to 821 nm) and an average power of 3.9 mW. The wavelength-swept speed in this configuration with bidirectionality is 2,000 axial scans per second. In addition, we suggested a modified zero-crossing method to achieve equal sample spacing in the wavenumber (k) domain and to increase the image depth range. FD/SS-OCT has a sensitivity of ~89.7 dB and an axial resolution of 10.4 ${\mu}m$ in air. When a retinal image with 2,000 A-lines/frame is obtained, an acquisition speed of 2.0 fps is achieved.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.232-241
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• 1996

This study was designed to compare the effect of different dietary fats on plasma lipids, the degree of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in RBC and liver rats treated with or wighout 1, 2-dimethylhydrazing (DMH). Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks-old, were divided into control and DMH-treated grous, and each group was again subdivided into four were perilla oil (PO), blend fat (BF) containing ten different kinds of dietary oil, beef tallow (BT), corn oil (CO). At the same time, each rat was injected intramusculary with saline(for control) or DMH twice a week for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180 mg/kg body weight. Compared with BT feeding, BF reduced plasma total choesterol level and PO and Co reduced plasma TG levels (p<0.05). DMH injection decreased plasma cholesterol in all dietary groups. However, PO decreased tocopherol levels and increased TBARS levels in RBC compared to BT. The degree of hemolysis in PO group was higher than that of BT group (p<0.05 only in control group. Fatty acid composition of hepatic microsome was reflected by dietary fatty acid profile. The peroxidizability index and TBARS level in hepatic micorsome were significantly increased but tocopherol level was lowered in PO group compared to BT group. Activites of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in RBC and hepatic cytosol were not influenced y dietary fats and DMH treatment(p<0.05). Overall, perilla oil rich in $\omega$3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid could be a very important dietary source in reducing plasma lipids and blend fat was also good dietary oil mixture in reducing plasma cholesterol. However, the degree of lipid peroxidation was greater in tissue by perilla oil feeding and it is very difficult to use only perilla oil as oil source for meal preparation, so that it could be suggested to use more perilla oil and fish to give an equal effect of blend fat in order to reduce the risk factors against cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.145-152
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• 2020

In this study, the antimicrobial activity was tested by Ethanol extract(ET), Ethyl acetate fraction(EA) and Butanol fraction(BT) of Rhus javanica L fruit as natural preservatives. The antimicrobial activity were tested by Paper disc method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida Albicans). As a result of the antimicrobial activities of P. aeruginosa fruit extracts have shown the clear zone that S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. In BT, additional clear zones were observed for the Candida. The MIC results showed that EA samples showed the lowest concentrations for S. aureus S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Accordingly, it can be concluded that these Rhus javanica L fruit extracts have the potential for antimicrobial materials for the cosmetic industry.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2015

Bt-cotton germplasm, consisting of 75 genotypes was evaluated against cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) under high inoculum pressure in the field and using graft inoculation in glasshouse by visual symptom scoring assessments. None of the tested genotype was found disease free under both evaluation tests. Under field conditions in 2011, 3 genotypes were found resistant, 4 moderately resistant, 3 tolerant, 2 moderately susceptible and one susceptible; in 2012, 3 genotypes were tolerant, 7 moderately susceptible, 5 susceptible and 38 highly susceptible; in 2013, one was moderately susceptible and 51 were highly susceptible with varying degree of percent disease index (PDI) and severity index (SI). However, through graft evaluation in glasshouse, none of the graft inoculated plant was symptomless. All tested genotypes showed disease symptoms with SI values ranging between 5.0 and 6.0, and latent period between 12 and 14 days. Of the 75 genotypes evaluated using graft inoculation, 11 were found susceptible with SI values of 5.0 to 5.4 while remaining 64 were highly susceptible with SI values of 5.5 to 6.0. Inoculated plants of all tested genotypes exhibited severe disease symptoms within 10 days after the appearance of initial symptoms. No reduction in SI value was observed until the end of the experiment i.e., 90 days after grafting. Information generated under the present study clearly demonstrates that no sources of resistance to CLCuD are available among the tested Bt-cotton genotypes. So, a breeding programme is needed to introgress the CLCuD-resistance from other resistant sources to agronomically suitable Bt-cotton genotypes.