• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop of macro-protocol and the biosafety guide Golden Rice, modified vitamin A at large scale GMO field. Commercialization of genetically modified (GM) plants will be required the assessment of risks associated with the release of GM plants that should include a detailed risk assessment of their impacts in the environment and human health. Prior to GM plant release, applicants should provide the information on GM crops for approval. A total of $4,700m^2$ GM field, each of Golden Rice and 'Nakdong' were used for further analysis on agronomic traits and pathogenesis. Generally plant growth and panicle number in the transgenic lines were lower than in the wild type under field condition. The major agronomic traits such as plant growth, grain quality in Golden Rice were similar than in 'Nakdong'. The yield difference was due to reduced ripened rate and the 1,000 grain weight. The grain shape was similar donor plant, however, color of brown rice was different from segregation. Also the difference of pathogenesis reaction was not significant in the leaf blast and sheath blight between Golden Rice and 'Nakdong'. These results provided the agronomic data and pathogenesis for risk assessment analysis of Golden Rice and suggested that the macro-protocol could be useful to detect GM plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.248-253
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• 2012

Demand is increasing for new functional and health food such as natually colored or flavored rices. Shinongheugchal, Shinmyeongheugchal, colored glutinous rice, were breed as new variety in Jeollabuk-do ARES. Shinongheugchal and Shinmyeongheugchal are medium to late maturing cultivars and higher than Heugnambyeo in term of C3G content. It was conducted to improve the quality of Shinongheugchal, Shinmyeongheugchal in different cultivation regions, transplanting time. The cultivation regions was Jinan (mid-mountainous area) and Iksan (plain area). Transplanting time was May. 20, May. 25 May 30 and Jun. 5 in Jinan, that of Iksan was Jun. 5, Jun. 10, Jun. 15 and Jun. 20. The average heading date of Shinongheugchal and Shinmyeongheugchal was Aug. 13, Aug. 19 and Aug. 15, Aug. 22 in Jinan and Iksan. The average yield of Shinongheugchal(brown rice) in Jinan was 514 $kg\;10a^{-1}$ and that of in Iksan was 529 $kg\;10a^{-1}$. The average yield of Shinmyeongheugchal(brown rice) in Jinan was 508 $kg\;10a^{-1}$ and that of in Iksan was 511 $kg\;10a^{-1}$. The average C3G content of Shinongheugchal in Jinan was 273.9 mg/100g, that of in Iksan was 228.2 mg/100g. The average C3G content of Shinmyeongheugchal in Jinan was 126.3 mg/100g, that of in Iksan was 101 mg/100g. The optimal transplanting date was May 30 in Jinan and June 10 in Iksan considering the yield and C3G content in Shinongheugchal. The optimal harvesting date of Shinongheugchal in Iksan was 50 days after heading.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.644-649
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• 2012

The edible barnyard millets(Echinochloa spp.) which have essentially vanished in the farmhouses environment and in agricultural germplasm were evaluated with the aim of restoration as a crop. The proximate components and mineral elements of milled millet were nutritionally similar or better than brown rice, and the vitamin contents of $B_1$ and $B_2$ exceeded those of rice by 1.3 times and 2.3 times, respectively. ${\beta}$-Carotene which is absent from brown rice was detected at levels ranging from 15~31 ${\mu}g$ in millet samples. Nine essential amino acids, including histidine and arginine and eight non-essential amino acids, such as aspartic acid were detected. The sum of all amino acids was determined to be IEC518>525>510 in the range of 69~106 mg/g. Analysis of physiological active substances via their electron donating ability(EDA) revealed values ranging from 3.4~8.2%, with the total polyphenol component being 51.1~69.4 mg/g and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition ability determined as 8.3~10.9%. In terms of agronomical characteristics and yields of barnyard millet, three millet varieties(IEC510, 518, and 525) were suitable as edible crops. IEC525 was selected as optimum variety for cultivation on the basis of nutritional ingredients, physiological active substances, and yield.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2012

'Joseong', a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2010. The cultivar 'Joseong' was selected from the cross FAHAD_5/RHINO1R.1D 5+10 5D'5B'//FAHAD_5 by CIMMYT (Mexico) in 1992. Subsequent generations were handled in pedigree selection program at Mexico from 1993 to 1998, and a line 'CTSS92Y-A-4Y-0M-5Y-0B' was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics. After preliminary and advance yield test in Korea for 2 years, the line designated as a line name of 'Iksan26'. The 'Iksan26' was subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield in 7 different locations such as Jeju, Iksan, Cheongwon, Yesan, Naju, Daegu, and Jinju from 2008 to 2010 and finally named as 'Joseong'. The cultivar 'Joseong' has characteristics of dark green leaf, yellow culm and spike, and large grain of yellowish brown color. The heading date of cultivar 'Joseong' was April 24, which was 5 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. It showed better tolerance or resistance to lodging, wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust than those of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. The average forage dry matter yield of cultivar 'Joseong' at milk-ripe stage was 14.5 MT $ha^{-1}$, which was lower than 16.5 MT $ha^{-1}$ of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. The silage quality of 'Joseong' (5.3%) was lower to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (6.0%) in crude protein content, while was 2.1% superior to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (61.9%) in TDN (total digestible nutrients). It showed 5.1 MT $ha^{-1}$ of grain yield, which was 40% higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (3.65 MT $ha^{-1}$). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing crop in the area where daily minimum mean temperatures are averaged higher than $-10^{\circ}C$ in January, and as a winter crop using whole crop forage before planting rice in around Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.296-304
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of climate change on rice yield and quality. Experiments were conducted using SPAR(Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research) chambers, which was designed to create virtual future climate conditions, in the National Institute of Crop Science, Jeonju, Korea, in 2016. In the future climate conditions($+2.8^{\circ}C$ temp, 580 ppm $CO_2$) of year 2051~2060 according to RCP 8.5 scenario, elevated temperature and $CO_2$ accelerated the heading date by about five days than the present climate conditions, resulted in a high temperature environment during grain filling stage. Rice yield decreased sharply in the future climate conditions due to the high temperature induced poor ripening. And the spikelet numbers, ripening ratio, and 1000-grain weight of brown rice were significantly decreased compared to control. The rice grain quality was also decreased sharply, especially due to the increased immature grains. In the future climate conditions, expression of starch biosynthesis-related genes such as granule-bound starch synthase(GBSSI, GBSSII, SSIIa, SSIIb, SSIIIa), starch branching enzyme(BEIIb) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPS1, AGPS2, AGPL2) were repressed in developing seeds, whereas starch degradation related genes such as ${\alpha}-amylase$(Amy1C, Amy3D, Amy3E) were induced. These results suggest that the reduction in yield and quality of rice in the future climate conditions is likely caused mainly by the poor grain filling by high temperature. Therefore, it is suggested to develop tolerant cultivars to high temperature during grain filling period and a new cropping system in order to ensure a high quality of rice in the future climate conditions.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.668-673
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• 2010

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, 'Heugseong' was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. 'Heugseong' was selected from the cross between 'Gnome85', showing yellow seed coat, lodging tolerance, and high yield, and 'Cheongja', showing green cotyledon, and black seed coat. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for this cultivar were carried out from 2004 to 2008. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, elongated seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.2 grams per 100 seeds). It was 4 days later in maturity than the check cultivar 'Ilpumgeomjeongkong'. 'Heugseong' was better than the check cultivar in the seed quality of isoflavone contents(1,913 ${\mu}g/g$). It has good adaptability for cooking with rice in ratio of water absorption and seed hardness, for physics of black tofu, and for fermented black soybean paste. The average yield of 'Heugseong' was 2.37 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in six locations of Korea from 2006 to 2008.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 1995

The objectives of the present study were to find out the differences in growth and weed competition of rice under the foggy and non-foggy condition, and finally, the fundamental data for the establishment of the paddy weed control system under the locational foggy regions. The research was carried out on tin trays ($0.12m^2$) in greenhouse equipped with an Auto Foggy System(SAE KI RTN Co.). The results are summarized as follows: Exp. I. Difference in rice growth under the foggy and non-foggy condition. 1. While the plant height was not affected, the number of tillers was decreased by the foggy condition. The ratio of the number of effective tiller, however, became higher under the foggy condition. 2. Due to the fog present, the heading rate was decreased and heading time was delayed. 3. The foggy condition did not affect the dry weight of rice straw whether they were grown under the foggy or non-foggy condition. However, yield components such as the number of ears, the number of grains per ear, thousand kernel weight and percentage of ripeness were reduced. Particularly, weights of perfect brown and unpolished rice were also decreased. Exp. II. Effect of the duration of competition between weed and rice grown under the foggy condition on the growth of rice plant. 1. There was no difference in the height of rice grown under a different duration of competition. There was a clear tendency that the number of tillers of rice grown under the foggy condition was decreased as the duration of competition was decreased. 2. When the duration of competition was longer than 60 days, the heading rate was decreased and the initiation of heading was also delayed by 2-4 days. 3. Under the foggy condition, the duration of competition for more than 40 days affected dry weight of rice straw and the difference in yield was greatest in the non-competition and competition for more than 40 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2019

'Japonica 6' is a japonica rice variety developed from a cross between 'MS11', the beginning variety adaptable to tropical region, and 'IR86743-28-1-4', an elite line of high yield and good plant type by a Korea(RDA)-IRRI cooperative breeding program at IRRI in 2017. The growth duration of 'Japonica 6' is 121 days from sowing to harvest. It is 10 days later than that of the check variety 'MS11'. The culm length of 'Japonica 6' is 70 cm, and 1,000-brown rice grain weight is 26.7 g. It has a shorter culm and a larger grain. size than that of MS11. 'Japonica 6' is moderately resistant to blast disease but susceptible to bacterial blight, tungro virus and plant hoppers. The milled rice recovery rate of 'Japonica 6' is improved than that of 'MS11'. The head rice rate of 'Japonica 6' is significantly higher than that of 'MS11'. Yield of 'Japonica 6' is averagely 3.59 MT/ha of milled rice in 5 areas of the Philippines. The 'Japonica 6' was registered in Philippines and would be adaptable to the diverse regions of tropical Asia (Registration No in Philippines. BPI-NSIC-2017-Rc 484SR).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1982

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ozone gas on paddy rice at the different growth stage. Seokwang variety of rice plant was exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone gas for 4 hours at rooting, maximum tillering, ear formation and heading stages. after ozone gas fumigation, damage symptom, percentage of destroyed leaf, chlorophyll content and peroxidase activity of rice plant were observed. The results obtained are as follows. 1) Typical symptom of ozone gas damage appeared greyish or reddish brown subtle spots within rice leaf vein. 2) Yield loss by ozone gas exposure at different growth stage was in the order of maximum tillering stage>rooting stage>ear formation stage>heading stage. 3) Chlorophyll damage and leaf destruction was the highest at maximum tillering stage, while damage of leaf and chlorophyll were not found at heading stage. 4) The damage by ozone gas fumigation was higher at the growth stage with higher N content in plant, and N content was decreased after ozone gas exposure.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the optimum nitrogen (N) fertilization at panicle initiation stage on ridge direct seeding on dry paddy of rice. During 1999~2000, a series of experiments was carried out at field (Chonbuk series) of the National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA using Dongjinbyeo. Plants were taller, and leaf area index and top dry weight increased with more N fertilization at panicle initiation stage. Photosynthetic rate of heading stage was higher at higher amounts of N fertilization at panicle initiation stage, especially in 6 kg/10a compared with 10 kg/10a seeding rate. Lodging index and its related traits did not significantly differ under different rates of N fertilization at panicle initiation stage. N uptake of the rice plant increased as more N fertilization at panicle initiation stage. N use efficiency was highest under the standard topdressing rate at 6 kg/10a seeding rate. Panicle number per m$^2$ increased with more topdressed N, but ripened grain rate and 1,000-grain weight of brown rice did not differ with an increase in topdressed N. Milled rice yield was 6% higher in the 6 kg/10a seeding rate and 13% higher in the 10 kg/10a seeding rate at 50% more topdressed N compared with 4.8 kg/10a N fertilization at panicle initiation stage of 6 kg/10a seeding rate.