• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bromide

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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Investigations of Some New rganotelluronium alts Based on Dicyclohexyl Telluride (디시클로헥실 텔루르염에 기반한 유기텔루로늄염의 성과 분광학적 분석)

  • Al-Rubaie, Ali Z.;Al-Mudhaffar, Dhafir M. H.;Al-Mowali, Ali H.;Asker, Kahtan A.
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.53 no.5
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    • pp.530-535
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    • 2009
  • Dicyclohexyl telluride was obtained in a high yield by the reaction of cyclohexyl bromide with NaTeH(prepared in situ) in an aqueous ethanolic solution. A series of new organotelluronium salts of the general formula ${(cyclo-C_6H_11)}_2Te(R)X$ (where R = $CH_3$, X = I (1); R = $C_2H_5$, X = Br(2); R = $C_2H_5$, X = I (3); R = C_3H_5$, X = Br (4)) were prepared by the reaction of ${(cyclo-C_6H_11)}_2Te$ with the corresponding alkyl halide. Reaction of 1 with NaBPh4 gave compound 5 ( i.e. R = CH3, X = BPh4 ‒) in 78% yield. Reaction of ${(cyclo-C_6H_11)}_2Te$ with benzyl bromide and 4-bromophenacyl bromide gave unexpectedly dibenzylcyclohexyltelluronium bromide (6) and bis(4-bromophenacyl)cyclohexyltelluronium bromide (7), respectively. Reaction of 6 with NaBPh4 gave the corresponding tetraphenylborate derivative (8) in high yield. $^1H$ NMR studies revealed that in $CDCl_3$solution compound 1 eliminated alkyl halide. Conductivity, IR, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR and thermal data for the new compounds are presented and discussed.

Synergetic Effect of Minerals Mixture of Potassium Bromide and Nickel Sulphate on the Economic Traits of $CSR_2,\;CSR_4\;and\;CSR_2{\times}CSR_4$ Crossbreed Races of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

  • Kochi S. C.;Kaliwal B. B.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.107-117
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    • 2005
  • Oral supplementation of minerals mixture of potassium bromide and nickel sulphate on $CSR_2,\;CSR_4\;and\;CSR_2{\times}CSR_4$ crossbreed races with different concentrations (70, 110 and $160\;{\mu}g/ml$) were fed to the fifth instar larvae. Two of the four normal feeds per day was substituted with treated leaves fed to silkworm at fifth instar larvae. The controls were fed with the leaves sprayed with distilled water and normal leaves. The $CSR_4$ race treated larvae showed a significant increase in silkgland weight, cocooning percentage, female cocoon weight, male cocoon weight, male cocoon shell weight, male cocoon shell ratio, filament length, filament weight, denier, fecundity, number of eggs per ovariole and length of the ovariole when compared with those of the corresponding parameters of the carrier control, whereas in $CSR_2\;and\;CSR_2{\times}CSR_4$ crossbreed races showed a significant increase in larva1 weight and other parameters similar to that of $CSR_4$ race. The results suggested that the silkgland showed good response to minerals mixture of potassium bromide and nickel sulphate only in $CSR_4$ race when compared with those of other two races of the silkworm, B. mori.

New Cationic Liposome with Enhanced Stability and Transfection Efficiency for Gene Delivery (안정성 및 Transfection 효율이 우수한 양이온성 리포좀 유전자 전달시스템의 개발)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Mi;Nam, Bang-Hyun;Sohn, Dong-Hwan
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 1998
  • We have developed liposomes which can be easily prepared with inexpensive lipid, have enhanced stability, and can efficiently deliver DNA into the COS-l cells, Liposome formulations were prepared using cationic materials such as dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDAB), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB), We investigated the effect of cationic liposome formulations on in vitro DNA transfection, DDAB-containing liposomes showed increased transfection efficiency which was 3.2-fold as much as that by $Lipofectin^{\circledR}$, but CTAB-containing liposomes were inactive in gene transfection. The effect of colipid of DDAB-containing liposome was also investegated. As a colipid, dioleylphosphatidylethanolamine(DOPE) and cholesterol did altered the transfection efficiency of DDAB-containing liposomes. And increased DDAB concentration lowered the transfection efficiency. The optimum amount of liposomal formulation was $10\;{\mu}M$ for $1\;{\mu}g$ of DNA. In the experiment of stability, DOPE-containing liposomes formulation showed a broad size distribution and separation of two major peaks on a 5th day of preparation, but liposomes containing cholesterol was stable for 10 days. DDAB-containing liposomal DNA delivery system was prepared easily and was stable.

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Curing Action of Antibiotic Resistant Factor in Bacillus Subtilis (Bacillus subtilis의 항생물질 내성에 대한 Curing작용)

  • Hong, Yong-Ki;Seu, Jung-Hwn
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.103-107
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    • 1985
  • A variety of plasmid curing agents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, acriflavine, ethidium bromide, and mitomycin-C were used to cure Bacillus subtilis cells of streptomycin resistant factor. The drug susceptibility was increased by 0.1% sodim dodecyl sulfate at stationary growth phase. The curing frequency was obtained highly at 4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of acriflavine, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of ethidium bromide, and 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of mitomycin-C. respectively. Curing action occurred competitively for the streptomycin and terramycin resistant factors in B. subtilis.

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Hydrolysis Mechanism of N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)benzhydrazonyl Bromide Derivatives (N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)benzhydrazonyl Bromide 유도체의 가수분해 반응메카니즘)

  • Park, Chan Il;Cha, Ki Won;Lee, Ik Choon;Chang, Byung Du
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.198-204
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    • 1997
  • The rate constants for the hydrolysis of N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)benzhydrazonyl bromide and its derivatives were determined by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry at 20$^{\circ}C$ and a rate equation which could be applied over a wide pH range was obtained. On the basis of rate equations derived and judging from the solvent effect, substituent effect, salt effect, thermodynamic parameter, plausible mechanisms of hydrolysis have been proposed. It may be concluded that the hydrolysis through SN1 mechanism via carbonium ion intermdiate to pH 3.0, and pH 10.0, the hydrolysis proceeds through 1,3-dipolar or SN2 mechanism.

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