• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementions of 0.1% probiotic and 0.1% yeast culture on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicks. A total of 160 Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 16 pens ; four pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. Feeding trial lasted for 6 weeks. The results obtained are summerized as follows : The body weight gain and feed intake was slightly higher in group of broiler chick supplemented antibiotic than those of other treatment groups, but were not significantly different among treatments. The feed conversion were slightly lower in groups of broiler chick supplemented antibiotic and probiotic than those of other treatment groups, but were not significantly different among treatments. The pH of thigh musle was slightly higher in group of broiler chick supplemented probiotic than those of other treatment groups. Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash of thigh muscle were lower in groups of broiler chick supplemented probiltic and yeast culture than those of other treatment groups, but were not significantly different among treatments. The saturated fatty acid content of the thigh muscle was tende to be higher in group of broiler chick supplemented yeast culture, but the unsaturated fatty acid content was tende to be lower in group of broiler chick supplemented yeast culture than those of other treatment groups.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1985

브로일러의 출하체중을 높이기 위한 연구의 하나로서 발생시 체중이 이후 성장에 미치는 영향력을 성별, 부계통병, 모계통별의 요인으로 나누어 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. 암수로 분리하여 6주령과 8주령의 평균 체중을 조사한 바 각각 1,367g, 1,948g과 1,555g, 2, 255g으로 나타나 발생시 체중이 비슷하지만 이후 성장에서는 수컷이 암컷에 비해 훨씬 크게 나타났다. 2. 성별, 부ㆍ모계통별 요인중에서 발생 이후의 성장에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 것은 성별 차이로서 6주령과 8주령 체중의 경우 전체 표현형 변이 중에서 각각 94%와 96%를 차지했다. 3. 발생시부터 8주령까지의 체중간 표현형 상관계수는 성장하면서 암수에서 모두 점차 감소하여 6주령과 8주령의 경우 암컷에서 0.15와 0.15, 숫컷에서는 0.18과 0.17로 나타났는데 상관계수의 통계검정 결과 고도로 유의하게 나타나 비록 낮지만 분명한 상관관계가 있음을 보여주었다. 4. 발생시 체중에 대한 6주령과 8주령 체중의 회귀분석 결과 암컷에서는 8.33과 10.07의 회귀계수를 얻었고 수컷에서는 7.85와 11.28의 수치를 얻었는데 모두 고도로 유의한 결과를 보였다. 이상의 분석 결과 브로일러의 발생시 체중은 이후 성장에 영향을 미치고 비록 그 정도는 약하더라도 8주령 체중에도 영향력을 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있어서 특히 사육기간이 짧은 세미 브로일러의 경우 출하체중의 증가를 위해서는 발생시 체중을 고려해야 한다고 생각하는 바이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1662-1668
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• 2005

This review has been done to examine sex-linked dwarf gene in broiler production in hot-humid climates. Introduction of sex-linked dwarf gene especially in hot harsh tropical environments brings a great advantage for broiler production. The heavy broiler parent suffers due to the stress of these adverse climates. Sex-linked dwarf genes reduce body weight, egg weight, but are superior for adaptability under harsh tropical environments, with a lower requirement for housing and feed, better survivability and reproductive fitness giving fewer defective eggs, more hatching eggs, better fertility, hatchability, feed conversion efficiency and resistance to disease. Overall the cost of chick production from dwarf hens is lower than from their normal siblings. Market weights of broilers from sexlinked dwarf dams is almost similar to those of broilers from normal dams with normal sires. But the net benefit of broiler production from sex-linked dwarf dams is found to be greater than that of broilers from normal dams. This will be the most important to the rural communities in Bangladesh and in other countries where the similar environment and socio-economic conditions exist. Therefore, sexlinked dwarf hens might be used in broiler breeding plan as well as broiler production in the tropics.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.192-201
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• 1985

whey는 높은 lactose 함량 때문에 소화(消化) 흡수(吸收)가 좋지 못하여 영양학적(營養學的)으로 중요한 식품자원(食品資源)임에도 불구하고 많은 양이 이용되지 못하고 버려지고 있다. 따라서 chitin powder를 첨가(添加)하여 whey의 소화(消化) 흡수(吸收)를 촉진(促進)시킬 수 있는지 알아보기 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)로서 broiler chick을 대상으로 사료(飼料)에 dried whey와 chitin을 첨가(添加)하여 4주간 사육시험(飼育試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 본 실험에서 동량의 에너지와 단백질 수준일 때 broiler chick의 성장(成長)에 나쁜 영향을 미치지 않는 dried whey의 첨가수준(添加水準)의 한계는 15%였다. 2. 사료에 20% dried whey를 첨가하는 것은 만성 설사와 발가락이 바깥쪽으로 휘어지는 증세 및 맹장의 팽창(膨脹) 등 좋지 않은 결과를 야기시켰다. 특히 대조식이를 20% dried whey로 대체시킨 실험군은 타 실험군과 비교하여 성장율(成長率)이 저하(低下)되었는데 이것은 성장(成長)에 필요한 에너지와 단백질 함량의 부족과 아울러 다량의 whey에 의한 설사의 영향일 것으로 생각된다. 3. 사료효율(FER)과 단백질 효율(PER)에 있어서 dried whey 첨가군이 대조식이군과 비교하여 비슷하거나 높은 경향을 보였다. 4. Serum cholesterol 함량은 사료내 whey의 함량에 따라 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 5. 20% dried whey 함유 사료에 2% chitin을 첨가한 군은 chitin을 첨가하지 않은 20% whey군보다 4주에 성장율(成長率) 및 단백질효율이 높아지나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않다. 2% chitin 함유군은 대조식이군과의 비교에서 유의한 차는 나타내지 않았으나 성장율(成長率)에 있어서 약간 높은 경향을 보였으므로 chitin의 첨가(添加)가 whey의 이용율(利用率)을 높여주어 broiler의 성장(成長)을 촉진(促進)시키지 않았나 사료(思料)된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.563-568
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• 2007

This study was planned to investigate the role of Berberis lycium in reducing serum cholesterol in broilers. Six experimental rations designated as A, B, C, D, E and F having 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% Berberis lycium were fed to 240 broiler chicks, randomly distributed into 24 replicates, so as to have 4 replicates per group and 10 chicks per replicate. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Average serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were used as criteria of response. Average total serum cholesterol per chick was 129.33, 120.50, 116.50, 113.00, 101.67 and 114.00 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Total serum cholesterol showed decreasing trend with the increasing level of Berberis lycium unto 2% (p<0.05). Mean serum triglyceride level per chick was 60.00, 58.17, 58.00, 55.33, 50.17 and 48.50 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Mean serum triglyceride showed decreasing trend with the increasing level of Berberis lycium (p<0.05). Serum triglyceride was significantly lower in group F than other groups. Mean HDL per chick for the six experimental groups A, B, C, D, E and F was 52.08, 53.42, 60.42, 62.25, 62.92 and 54.50 mg/dl respectively. HDL showed increasing trend with the increase in the level of Berberis lycium unto 2%. The average serum LDL per chick was 65.25, 55.45, 44.48, 39.68, 28.72 and 49.80 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. LDL also showed decreasing trend with the increase in the level of Berberis lycium unto 2% (p<0.05). It was concluded that Berberis lycium added to feed at the rate of 2.0% can be used in broiler feed for reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL and increasing HDL.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2003

브로일러에 xanthophylls 급여가 계육의 색깔과 항산화력에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 30 ppm의 lutein, canthaxanthin, astasanthin, capsanthin을 생후6주 동안 브로일러에게 급여한 후 도계 처리하였다. 도계후 24시간에 가슴육과 다리육으로 발골하고 정육을 3$^{\circ}C$에 9일 동안 저장하였다. 저장기간 동안 모든 처리구의 pH는 증가하였다. 다리육의 pH는 가슴육에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었으나 처리구간의 차이는 없었다. Xanthophyll을 급여한 브로일러육은 대조구에 비해 저장기간중에 TBARS와 POV가 낮았고, 저장 9일에는 대조구와 비교하여 모든 xnathophylls 급여구에서 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). Xanthophyll을 급여하면 육색의 L(명도)값이 감소하고 a(적색도)값이 증가하였다. Astaxanthin을 급여한 브로일러의 가슴육이 저장중 항산화 효과가 있었고, canthaxanthin을 급여한 브로일러의 육이 착색효과가 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 육계에 Xanthophylls를 급여하면 일반육에 비해 육색이 농후해지며 저장 중 지방산화가 억제되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.933-938
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to study the laying performance, shell quality, bone mineralization, hatchability of eggs and performance of progeny (weight at day one and 14 d of age, P content in day old chick, leg score and survivability of chicks) of synthetic broiler breeders fed different levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). Six levels of NPP (1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.6 and 4.2 g/kg diet) at a constant calcium (Ca) level (30 g/kg) in a maize-soya-deoiled rice bran based diet were tested. Levels of dicalcium phosphate, shell grit and deoiled rice bran were adjusted to achieve the desired levels of NPP and Ca. Each level of NPP was fed with a weighed quantity of feed (160 g/b/d) to 40 female broiler breeders from 25 to 40 weeks of age housed in individual cages. Each bird was considered as a replicate. Egg production, feed/egg mass, body weight, egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness, egg specific gravity, serum Ca content and tibia breaking strength were not influenced (p>0.05) by the variation in dietary NPP levels tested. Increasing the dietary levels of NPP did not influence the hatchability of eggs, phosphorus (P) contents both in egg yolk and day old chick, chick body weight at day one and 14 d of age, leg score and survivability of chicks up to 14 d of age. Maximum response ($p{\leq}0.01$) in shell breaking strength, tibia ash and serum inorganic P contents were observed at NPP levels of 2.09, 2.25 and 3.50 g per kg diet, respectively. The retention of Ca increased, while the P retention decreased ($p{\leq}0.01$) with increasing dietary levels of NPP. Though maximum responses in shell breaking strength, bone ash and serum inorganic P were observed at NPP higher than 1.2 g/kg diet, the broiler breeder performance in terms of egg production, shell quality, hatchability of eggs and progeny performance and their survivability was not influenced by dietary NPP concentrations. It is concluded that synthetic broiler breeders maintained in cages do not require more than 1.2 g NPP/kg diet with a daily intake of 192 mg NPP/b/d during 24 to 40 weeks of age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1276-1281
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• 2001

The feeding values of four indigenous Kenyan sorghum cultivars and the effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the utilization of high tannin sorghum by broiler chicks were studied in two 3-week feeding trials. In Experiment 1, one hundred and five broiler chicks (initial average weight 97 g) were randomly assigned to each one of the seven grain-soybean meal diets. The diets consisted of maize [diet 1; no assayable tannin], white sorghum [diet 2; 0.59% catechin equivalents (CE)], cream sorghum [diet 3; 0.94% CE], light brown sorghum [diet 4; 2.71% CE] and dark brown sorghum [diet 5; 3.54% CE]. Diets 6 and 7 were included to test the possibility of overcoming the detrimental effects of sorghum tannins by adding PVP at 0.25% and 0.5% to dark brown sorghum, which resulted in dietary tannin levels of 3.46% and 3.38% CE respectively. In Experiment 2, the effects of tannin on dry matter digestibility (DMD) and nitrogen (N) retention were studied in a 3-week substitution assay in which high tannin sorghum (5% CE) was substituted for white maize at different inclusion levels. Ninety broiler chicks aged 7 days (initial average weight 102 g) were randomly assigned to each one of the six diets. The diets consisted of corn gluten meal and fishmeal as protein sources plus maize [diet 1] and high tannin sorghum at different inclusion levels [diets 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6], resulting in dietary tannin levels of 0, 1.25%, 1.66%, 2.08%, 2.5% and 3.2% CE respectively. Feed intake, feed efficiency and body weight gain were measured weekly. In Experiment 2, tannin absorption, DMD and N retention were measured on days 19, 20 and 21. The results of Experiment 1 showed that feed intake, feed efficiency and body weight gain were all affected by treatment (p<0.05). Diets 1, 2 and 3 gave similar body weight gains and all were better than diets 4 and 5 (i.e. 504, 517, 473 g, vs. 256, 267 g). Similarly, feed efficiencies were higher (p<0.05) for diets 1, 2 and 3 compared to diets 4 and 5 (0.4, 0.42, 0.39 vs. 0.21, 0.23). When 0.25% PVP was added to the dark brown sorghum (diet 6) there was no significant improvement in chick performance (p>0.05). However, addition of 0.5% PVP (diet 7) resulted in significant improvement (p<0.05) in body weight gain compared to the untreated dark brown sorghum. Overall, PVP did not completely overcome the deleterious effects of tannins. The results of Experiment 2 indicate that sorghum inclusion level and subsequent tannin level had no effect on feed intake, feed efficiency, weight gain, DMD and N retention. The above results suggest that tannin level should be limited to below 2.71% CE in broiler chick diets containing 20% CP and 0.4% methionine. However, in diets with 23% CP and 0.8% methionine tannin level of up to 3.2% will not affect performance. Consequently high tannin sorghum (5% CE) can be used to substitute for white maize by up to 100% in broiler chick diets.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2012

팽이버섯 균사체 (FVM)의 급여효과를 검토하기 위하여 육계 병아리 96수를 4개 그룹으로 나누어 대조구는 기초사료(C)만 급여하였고, 시험구는 기초사료에 FVM 1% (T1), 3% (T2) 및 5% (T3)로 하여 7주 동안 급여하였다. FVM을 기초사료에 5%까지 첨가하여 급여하여도 증체, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 생체중과 도체중은 처리구에서 감소하였으나 (p<0.05), 도체율은 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 가식내장의 근위와 간은 유의 있게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). FVM의 급여 수준이 높을수록 맹장 내 Salmonella 균수와 계분 내 암모니아가스 발생량이 현저하게 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 따라서 FVM의 육계 사료 내 첨가 실험을 통하여 5% 첨가수준까지 육계용 사료를 대체 첨가하여도 무방함이 확인되었으며, 이는 FVM의 첨가수준 증가와 함께 장내 병원성 미생물인 Salmonella와 계분 내 암모니아 가스 발생 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀져 육계 사료 내 첨가 이용성이 인정될 것으로 본다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2010

Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation in the diet of breeder hens on the egg quality and hatchability, lipid peroxides of the egg yolk, and development of the newly-hatched offspring chicks were investigated. A total of 800 Avian 48, 28 wk-old broiler breeders were assigned randomly to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 45 females and 5 males. Each group was fed one of the following four diets with different oil sources and levels of VE: corn oil (CO), fish oil (FO), CO+VE and FO+VE. The results showed that: i) Addition of FO in the breeder diet reduced the whole egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk color score and neonatal offspring chick body weight without affecting the hatchability as compared to the CO treatment. ii) Addition of VE efficiently reduced the lipid peroxides of egg yolk from hens fed diets containing FO. iii) VE in the breeder diet significantly promoted the development of liver and heart of the chick offspring.