• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1193-1201
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• 2021

Objective: According to market demand, meat duck breeding mainly includes 2 breeding directions: lean Pekin duck (LPD) and fat Pekin duck (FPD). The aim of the present study was to compare carcass and meat quality traits between 2 strains, and to provide basic data for guidelines of processing and meat quality improvement. Methods: A total of 62 female Pekin ducks (32 LPDs and 30 FPDs) were slaughtered at the age of 42 days. The live body weight and carcass traits were measured and calculated. Physical properties of breast muscle were determined by texture analyzer and muscle fibers were measured by paraffin sections. The content of inosine monophosphate (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) and fatty acids composition were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, Soxhlet extraction method and automated gas chromatography respectively. Results: The results showed that the bodyweight of LPDs was higher than that of FPDs. FPDs were significantly higher than LPDs in subcutaneous fat thickness, subcutaneous fat weight, subcutaneous fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage and abdominal fat shear force (p<0.01). LPDs were significantly higher than FPDs in breast muscle thickness, breast muscle weight, breast muscle rate and breast muscle shear force (p<0.01). The muscle fiber average area and fiber diameter of LPDs were significantly higher than those of FPDs (p<0.01). The muscle fiber density of LPDs was significantly lower than that of FPDs (p<0.01). The IMF of LPDs in the breast muscle was significantly higher than that in the FPDs (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the 2 strains in IMP content (p>0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of LPDs was significantly higher than that of FPDs (p<0.01), and FPDs had higher saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term breeding work resulted in vast differences between the two strains Pekin ducks. This study provides a reference for differences between LPD and FPD that manifest as a result of long-term selection.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2018

This study examined the behavior of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) during the estrus period, breeding period, and mating including the estrus period along as well as the effect of environmental factors in an outdoor breeding facility. The average mating duration was 19.95 min (n = 13, range = 1.17-35.25 min). The breeding season was mainly early February (56.6%) for foxes aged more than one year and mid-March (60.0%) for foxes aged less than one year. The mating duration was longest when both male and female were more than one year old ($24.4{\pm}11.08min$), although copulation took place regardless of partner's age. Females that mated twice within two days after estrus started or with two males had 100% pregnancy rate. In addition, the pregnancy rate was highest (87%) when both mating partners were more than one year old. Foxes preferred daytime to nighttime for mating, and thus mating usually took place on sunny days or between 10:00 and 12:00 on partly cloudy days. A male mated with different females for a maximum of five times, and the higher the mating frequency of a male, the longer the mating duration. Interest in mating decreased after three copulations in the case of males and after two copulations in the case of females. Males required at least 4 hours and 46 minutes between the first and second copulation. For this study, we collected reference data that might be applied to breeding programs for the red fox to secure the restoration of individuals of this important species.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.947-954
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• 2015

To select suitable spray chrysanthemum cultivars for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, thirty-nine (39) spray cultivars bred in the National Institutes of Korea and a standard cultivar Jinba from Japan were collected and tested for regeneration rate and Agrobacterium infection assays. MS medium with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA and $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BAP was used for shoot regeneration from leaf disks and internodes. The shoot regeneration rate in leaf disks was the highest in cultivar BRM, followed by cultivars VS, WW and YTM. The cultivar JB (Jinba) used as a transformation material in previous reports ranked similarly to cultivars PK and SPP. In shoot regeneration from internodes, the shoot regeneration rate was the highest for cultivar PA, followed by cultivar WW. The infection rate of leaves and internodes of 40 chrysanthemum cultivars with agrobacterium was investigated. Cultivars WPP, YNW, VS, PP, WW, FA, PA and YMN showed the highest infection levels in leaves, whereas cultivars WPP, PA, PK and YNW had the highest infection levels in internodes. Considering all of these results, cultivars VS and WW were the most appropriate for gene transformation of chrysanthemum using leaves, while cultivar PA was for internodes.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the breeding status of farms to improve the production efficiency of Hanwoo calf. The study was conducted on 45 farms divided into two groups. This study was conducted to investigate the breeding size and breeding area of Hanwoo cows. The average age at first delivery of Hanwoo was 28.7 months. The number of artificial insemination per pregnancy was $1.45{\pm}0.32$, and the number of artificial insemination days after birth was 119.8 days. Conception rates were $75.2{\pm}16.93%$ for small farms and $70.6{\pm}17.46%$ for medium sized farms and $71.4{\pm}11.03%$ for large farms. When we looked at farming methods, 'the farmers using estrus observation aids' had 10.42% higher calf production rate than the 'unused farmers'. The farms vaccinated with IBR and BVDV for breeding cattle showed a 4.41% decrease in abortion, stillbirth and mortality. According to farming conditions, conception rate and delivery rate improved by 3.47% and 18.29%, respectively, when grazing and exercising were performed. Observation, immunization and grazing were found to be important indicators for improving calf production efficiency in Hanwoo farm. This study can be used as a research data to improve the reproductive rate of farmhouse sites through the survey on the breeding status of Hanwoo farmers.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2009

Hatching rate, larval deformation and growth rate of selected olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) for rapid growth were compared to those of the unselected fish. Fish were spawned on the same day and cultured under the similar conditions. The selected fish had a significantly higher eggs hatching rate, and lower larval deformation. The selected fish grew significantly faster, and at the end of the experiment (8 weeks after hatching) averaged 50.49${\pm}$2.67 mm in total length, 16.30${\pm}$0.08 mm in body height, and 1.036${\pm}$0.118 g in weight, compared to 40.55${\pm}$3.13 mm, 13.50${\pm}$0.96 mm, and 0.557${\pm}$0.073 g for unselected fish, respectively. The selected fish had a significantly higher body shape index, however lower condition factor than the unselected fish. The results of the present study demonstrate that the selected fish of the olive flounder for rapid growth had superior growth and improved body shape.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1223-1226
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• 2004

Previously candidate gene approach revealed estrogen receptor (ESR) locus was associated with increased litter size. In this study, PvuII polymorphisms of ESR gene was detected by PCR-RFLP, and ESR locus was evaluated for its association with reproductive tracts components in the Large $White{\times}Meishan$ ($LW{\times}M$) F2 offspring. Ninety seven gilts with reproductive tracts components records and 136 offspring with performance traits records were genotyped and the results were used to estimate allele substitution effects. The results showed that two alleles (A and B) were identified, and 121 bp fragments were observed for the AA genotype and 65 bp and 56 bp fragments for the BB genotype; the length of uterine body (LUB) of BB gilts were significantly shorter than AA gilts', the additive effect was -1.762 cm; the uterine weight (UW) of AB gilts were significantly lighter than AA gilts' with the additive effect -18.058 g; no significant associations of ESR alleles with ovulation rate (OR), length of uterine horn (LUH), length of uterine cervix (LUC), weight of two ovaries (OW), volume of uterine lumen (VUL), length of oviduct (LO) were observed. BB genotypes gilts need significantly less days to 100 kg ($D_{100kg}$) than AA genotypes (p<0.01), the additive effect was per copy of B allele. Allele B is also favorable for average daily gain (ADG), with additive effect 0.015 kg/d (p<0.05). There was no difference between genotypes for backfat thickness at the 13th rib (SF13), loin meat height (ELMH), and loin meat percentage was estimated (ELMP), individual birth weight (IBW) and teat number (TN).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 1981

A total of 210 dairy cows of Seongwhan area were epidemiologically investigated for mastitis by Milk Quality Test(MQT) method. Milk samples from cows infected with mastitis were also bacteriologically studied. Seventy four (42.5%) of 174 dairy cows were positive for mastitis and fifty nine (79.7%) among them were infected with subclinical mastitis and fifteen (20.3%) were clinical mastitis. High infective rate were shown on August (48.7%) and July (45.7%) and it was lowered on December (35.8%). The incidence rate of subclinical mastitis for herd shown tendency of increase at the barn in which located on lower place (30.7~43.9%), whereas, the barn in which was on higher place and with bucket type milking system shown tendency of decrease causative organisms. A total of 230 strains of etiological agents were isolated from 578 infected duarters which shown MQT score (+) or more. The relevant causative organisms isolated in this study were Staphylococcus aureus (18.3%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (16.9%), fungi (16.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.2%), Escherichia coli (7.8%) and Serratia marcescens (2.27), respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2013

The abnormal seedlings, a common physiological anomalies, emerged during embryo rescue severely restricted grape breeding. To enhance the efficiency of the seedless grape breeding by reducing the production of abnormal seedlings in the course of embryo rescue, we investigated the effects of genotype, media type, embryo style, pre-chilling on the deformity rate of the abnormal seedlings during embryo rescue. The abnormal seedlings were firstly classified into seven categories based on their morphology. Our results indicated that the emergence of abnormal seedlings was highly dependent on the female parent genotype. Polyembryony was advantageous to diminish the number of abnormal plantlets and the germination rate of embryo was 100%. We also found that pre-chilling treatment could reduce the number of abnormal plantlets and promote the embryo germination. The abnormal plantlets were reduced significantly by the addition of $ZnSO_4$ $10{\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ or mashed-banana $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ to either embryo development or germination media. Transferring the abnormal seedlings onto the suitable fresh media in 4 weeks after embryo germination provided an effective way to transform them into normal seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 1993

This study was conducted to detect the serum antibody of toxoplasma in swine from breeding-pig, rearing-pig farm and slaughtered pig in abattior by latex agglutination(LA) test. The perfomance of LA test was carried out with commercial Toxo-MT kit(Eiken Chemical Co.)by Tsubota and Ozawa's method. The cut-off titer of positive and negative reactions by Toxo-MT antigen used in this experiment was determined as the serum titer of 1 : 32. Positive rate of toxoplasma antibody from the total of 823 serum samples by LA test was 17.0%(140 cases). And positive rates of toxoplasma antibody against serum samples of 194 from breeding-pig farm, 273 from rearing-pig farm and 356 from abattior were 91 cases(46. 9%), 23 cases(8.4%) and 26 cases(7.3%), respectively. The distributions of serum antibody titers in 823 test sera by LA test were shown 51 cases(36.3%) in 1:32, 40(28.6%) in 1:64, 17(12.1%) in 1:128, 14(10.0%) in 1:256, 3(2.1%) in 1:512, 5(3.6%) in 1:1024 and 3(2.1%) in 1:2048. The ranges of positive rate from the sera in each group of breeding-pig farms were 20~61.9%.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1452-1462
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Agaricus blazei polysaccharide (ABP) at varying concentrations on the performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and microflora of quail. Methods: The study involved a total of 2,700 Korean quails, which were randomly divided into three groups. The measured variables encompassed productive performance, egg parameters, carcass parameters, serum metabolites, immune response parameters, antioxidative properties, and gut microbiome. Results: The addition of ABP did not have a significant effect on average daily feed intake. However, it was found to increase the average daily egg weight and egg production rate, reduce the feed-egg ratio. There were no significant impacts on egg quality measures such as egg shape index, egg yolk index and color, egg yolk and protein content. However, ABP supplementation significantly increased the Hough unit (p<0.01) and decreased the rate of unqualified eggs (p<0.01). Regarding serum parameters, the inclusion led to an increase in total protein concentration (p<0.05) and a reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). There were no significant effects observed on immune indicators such as immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM. ABP supplementation increased the levels of serum antioxidant indicators, including glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), and total antioxidant capacity colorimeter (p<0.05). Furthermore, ABP supplementation significantly elevated the intramuscular fatty acid content in quail meat. Additionally, ABP supplementation demonstrated a significant improvement in the diversity of gut microbiota and induced alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of ABP enhanced production performance and antioxidant capacity while increasing the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in quail muscle.