• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2020

We studied the development of the endangered gold-spotted pond frog, Pelophylax chosenicus eggs and analyzed growth and survival rate of the tadpoles while feeding different feed to obtain the basic data on the its biological traits and reproduction. We observed the fertilized eggs of gold-spotted pond frog that naturally spawned in a breeding tank using a microscope. Fertilized eggs were sphere shape surrounded by colloid layers, clearly distinct with animal and plant poles. The fertilized eggs hatched 31 hours after fertilization and operculum complete at 175 hours after fertilization at water temperature of 27.0±1.0℃. As a result of growth and survival rate by different feed from 35 days after mouth open stage, vegetable feed (VF) group and tetra-min (T) group were significantly higher average weight gain rate (WG)(5843.9% and 5736.3%, respectively) and average specific growth rate (SGR) (11.67% and 11.62, respectively) compared with other groups (WG: 641.8~4625.2%, SGR: 5.72~11.01%). The vegetable (V) group showed the lowest growth rate (P<0.05). The average feed efficiency was 177.83% in the VF group, about 17 times higher than the V group. In addition, the average survival rate of the VF and T groups were the high at 97.5% and 100%, respectively, and the V group was the lowest at 32.5%. Therefore, the more efficient feeds for successful breeding is singly with VF or T.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.517-522
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• 2003

Scrotal measurements and semen production records of 19,742 during 7 years from 63 Hanwoo breeding bulls(6${\sim}$7 years of age) were used to determined the relationship between scrotal circumference(SC) and semen production including concentration and total number of sperm. The average of SC is 41.2$\pm$4.54cm; extreme ranges between a low of 34cm to a high of 48cm. Quantity of semen, concentration and total number of sperm are 5.47$\pm$0.89ml/ejaculation, 16.16${\pm}2.78{\times}10^8$/ml and 88.47${\pm}15.24{\times}10^8$/ejaculation, respectively. SC is positively correlated with semen production(0.14 with quantity of semen and 0.15 with total number of sperm). Reproduction data from 16 breeding bulls produced 1,289 offspring from spring 1993 to spring 2000 to examined relationship between SC and reproduction. Rate of fertility and delivery are 0.80$\pm$0.13 and 0.78$\pm$0.15, respectively. Also, SC is positively correlated with delivery rate(r=0.26) and favorably related to fertility rate(r=0.39). These results, that is, - SC correlates positively with semen production and with reproduction -, suggested that SC should be considered when selecting breeding bull.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.48-72
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Yongdamsagantang on the polycystic ovary(PCO) induced by estradiol valerate(EV) in rats. Methods: After administrating Yongdamsagan-tang to PCO induced rats, we measured the weight of body, ovaries, adrenal glands, and uterus of rats. The observation through naked eye and histopathological observation of ovaries were evaluated. Also, the number of follicle and corpora lutea and content of androstenedione(ADD) and total estrogen were evaluated. The expressions of nerve growth factor(NGF) and corticotropin releasing factor(CRF) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The breeding rate and number of implantation with normal male rats were evaluated. Results: - The weight(mg) of ovaries in YST treated group($73.8{\pm}7.6$) was significantly increased(p<0.001) compared with control group($54.3{\pm}4.5$). - The number of mature follicles in YST treated group($7.3{\pm}2.4$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($3.5{\pm}1.2$). - The number of atretic follicles in YST treated group($9.0{\pm}1.5$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($13.4{\pm}3.8$). - The number of cystic follicles in YST treated group($3.1{\pm}1.1$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($6.0{\pm}2.0$). - The number of corpora lutea in YST treated group($3.8{\pm}2.1$) was significantly increased(p<0.001) compared with control group($0.3{\pm}0.7$). - The expression of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the ovarian granulosa cells in YST treated group was lesser observed than control group. - The expression of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the adrenal cortex in YST treated group was lesser observed than control group. - The breeding rate in YST treated group(100 %) was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with control group(50 %). - The number of implantation in YST treated group($6.4{\pm}4.7$) was significantly increased(p<0.05) compared with control group($1.4{\pm}2.6$). Conclusions: We concluded that Yongdamsagan-tang activates the maturation of follicles, normal ovulation, breeding rate and number of implantation. Therefore, this may be effective for the treatment of anovulation, amenorrhea and sterility of PCOS patients.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.232-242
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• 2017

The goal of marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) is to significantly reduce the number of breeding generations required by using genome-based molecular markers to select for a particular trait; however, MAB systems have only been developed for a few vegetable crops to date. Among the types of molecular markers, SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) are primarily used in the analysis of genetic diversity due to their abundance throughout most genomes. To develop a MAB system in Chinese cabbage, a high-throughput (HT) marker system was used, based on a previously developed set of 468 SNP probes (BraMAB1, Brassica Marker Assisted Backcrossing SNP 1). We selected a broad-spectrum TuMV (Turnip mosaic virus) resistance (trs) Chinese cabbage line (SB22) as a donor plant, constructing a $BC_1F_1$ population by crossing it with the TuMV-susceptible 12mo-682-1 elite line. Foreground selection was performed using the previously developed trsSCAR marker. Background selection was performed using 119 SNP markers that showed clear polymorphism between donor and recipient plants. The background genome recovery rate (% recurrent parent genome recovery; RPG) was good, with three of 75 $BC_1F_1$ plants showing a high RPG rate of over 80%. The background genotyping result and the phenotypic similarity between the recurrent parent and $BC_1F_1$ showed a correlation. The plant with the highest RPG recovery rate was backcrossed to construct the $BC_2F_1$ population. Foreground selection and background selection were performed using 169 $BC_2F_1$ plants. This study shows that, using MAB, we can recover over 90% of the background genome in only two generations, highlighting the MAB system using HT markers as a highly efficient Brassica rapa backcross breeding system. This is the first report of the application of a SNP marker set to the background selection of Chinese cabbage using HT SNP genotyping technology.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.236-246
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• 1997

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information of edible resources among plant species. Potentials of resource plants were important in various usages, healthy food, medicinal materials, and breeding materials. Through our investigation 609 species of resources plants were considered as edible resources. These species belong to 74 families in which Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Rosaceae were major families. Brassicaceae, Liliaceae, and Asteraceae contained large numbers of edible plants because plants belonged to these families were mainly used as vegetable. But Cyperaceae and Poaceae had relatively small numbers of species in the category of edible plant because plants belonged to these families have not been used directly as vegetables, common usage of edible plant. But Poaceae have a potentials as genetic donor for resistance-breeding strategies in major cereals. Although Poaceae can not be used as food directly, Poaceae should be investigated intensely in future for improvement of major cereals or application as fodder plants. The beneficial traits of edible plants as breeding materials have not been studied yet and development of new crop from plant resources requires the information about current situation in occurrence of resources plants genetically related to current crop species. Our results do not cover all plant species in Korea but this classification and identification about edible resources will provide primary information about plant resources. The collected seeds of resource plants showed wide spectrum in germination rate among plant species. The germination rate would probably be affected by collecting times, collected stage, and stored period. The proper methods about improving germination rate have to be elucidated to propagate the resource plants.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.307-311
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the appearance rate of vaginal cytology during estrous cycle in small pet bitches. A characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportion of superficial cell in proestrus, anuclear cell in estrus, small intermediate cell in diestrus, and small intermediate cell in anestrus, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences of appearance rate of vaginal cytology among small pet bitches in the each phase of estrous cycle. These results indicated that the vaginal cytology was useful method for estimating estrous cycle and optimal breeding time in small pet bitches.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.358-363
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• 1998

These studies were performed to investigate what genital diseases could be diagnosed by ultrasonography in the mares associated with infertility. Of 159 thoroughbred breeders(4 to 18 years old), 31 mares which had been considered as the mares with reproductive disorders were examined by ultrasonography during the breeding season. 1. Hematoma in ovarian disordersl endometritis and pyometra in uterine disorders could be diagnosed by ultrasonography. 2.The rate of infertility was 19.5% out of 159 breeders and the rate of uterine disordres was 71.0% among the whole reproductive disorders. 3.Of 31 mares considered as the mares with infertilityi 26 mares were diagnosed by ultrasonography denoting 83.9% of diagnosis rate. 4.The highest average age of mares among the mares with reproductive disorders was 11.7 years in the mares with uterine disorders. The average age of the mares diagnosed as concepted was 7.5 years, which was much lower than that of the mares with reproductive disorders.5.Crushing one of twin vesicles was confirmed by ultrasonography. In conclusions ultrasonography was feasible for diagnosis of the mares with reproductive problems.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2002

Earlier breeding experiments undertaken at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India since a decade had resulted in the development of many productive and qualitatively superior bivoltine hybrids. However, the hot climatic conditions of tropics prevailing particularly in summer are not conducive to rear these high yielding bivoltine hybrids. This has necessitated breeding of compatible bivoltine hybrids for year-round rearing. Accordingly, the Japanese hybrid, B2Ol ${\times}$ BCS12 which was found to be tolerant to high temperature was used as breeding resource material. Following hybridization and selection rearing of silkworms was taken up in SERICATRON (Environmental chamber with precise and automatic control facilities for uniform maintenance of temperature and humidity) at high temperature of $36{\times}1^{\circ}C$ and 85${\times}$5% RH in fifth instar and the control batches at $25{\times}1^{\circ}C$ and 65{\times}$5% RH. Directional selection was resorted to the batches reared at 36$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ till F$_{5}$ keeping pupation rate as important selection criteria. From $F_{2}% onwards the experiment was modified in such a way as to conduct normal rearing every alternate generation to regain the lost vitality due to continuous exposure to high temperature and high humidity stress. At $F_{2}$ , Oval and dumb-bell cocoons were separated out and designated as CSR18 and CSR19, respectively. By utilizing these lines at $F_{12}$, the hybrid CSR18$\times$CSR19 was prepared and studied for the thermotolerance by subjecting to stress condition at high temperature of 36$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and 85$\pm$5% RH in fifth instar and the control batches at $25{\times}1^{\circ}C$ and 65${\times}$5% RH. The better performance of CSR18${\times}$CSR19 (survival > 88%) at $36{\times}1^{\circ}C$ clearly indicates the general superiority of CSR18${\times}$CSR19 with regard to high temperature tolerance over the productive hybrids and CSR18$\times$CSR19 can perform well in varied agro-climatic conditions of the tropics with optimum qualitative and quantitative characteristics.s.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

As increasing utilization of Tenebrio molitor for industry, establishing effective conditions of indoor mass-rearing system become more important. For this reason, the aim of this study was to identify the physiological characteristics of Tenebrio molitor in different range of temperatures, photoperiods and rearing densities for mass breeding. As a result, their egg had above 70% hatching rate at $17.5{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C$ and the egg period was shown 5~7 days in $25{\sim}35^{\circ}C$. Consequently, in the consideration of the hatching rates and egg periods, the optimal indoor temperature for rearing was $25{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, development period of larvae in mass breeding system was shorter than individual breeding system under all the conditions of temperature. Also, the pupal weight was higher in mass breeding system except for $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. Considering elasticity of demand and weight of production, the effective condition was mass-breeding system at $25^{\circ}C$. In photoperiodic condition, the shortest of larval period was 157.35 day in 14L : 10D.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.656-664
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• 2015

To produce high quality watermelon, three tetraploid watermelon breeding lines (‘SA03-1’, ‘SA06-1’ and ‘SB01-1’) were developed by treatment with different chromosome doubling reagents. To identify the optimal tetraploid inductive conditions, the three watermelon breeding lines were selected by counting the number of doubled chloroplasts in guard cells. Tetraploid induction rates differed depending on the genotypes and treatment with doubling reagents. However, the highest induction rate occurred with 1.0% colchicine (82.2%). These putative tetraploid lines were re-confirmed for ploidy using flow cytometric analysis and chromosome counting. The internode length of the tetraploid breeding lines was different when the leaf size was larger in all three tetraploid lines compared to their diploids. The fruit weight of the tetraploid fruits for ‘SA03-1’ and ‘SB01-1’ was lower than for their diploid, and the rind thickness and total sugar content (°Brix) of tetraploid SB01-1 were significantly different from those of its diploid. Tetraploid lines were sterile, yielded a lower number of seeds per fruit for ‘SA03-1’ (21), ‘SA06-1’ (62), and ‘SB01-1’ (34.7), and the seeds were larger and thicker than those of their diploids. These tetraploid breeding results will be useful for breeding new seedless watermelon cultivars.