• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1267-1276
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to classify breast types and to inquire about characteristics depending on breast types of women subjects in their twenties. We researched size items affecting breast volume and regression equations for the prediction of breast volume, and thereby, we will be able to provide some basic data, useful to the development of the brassiere depending on breast types. As a result of categorizing the types of three breast types, "type 1" was characterized by big and greatest protrusion of the breast with large breast volume and a large bust, while "type 2" was characterized by flat breasts with the least breast volume and least bust, and "type 3" was characterized by breast location apart from the center front line. Breast volume is significant in establishment of the brassiere cup depending on breast type. Five items such as, the circumference of the breast, the length of the upper breast, the depth of the breast point, the length of the shoulder point-breast point, and the length of the inferior breast were extracted through regression equations for breast volume.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of breast shapes by age, to classify breast types, and to investigate the characteristics of breast shapes by type and the distributions of types by age group, using comparative analysis for women in 20's and 40's. The subjects of anthropometry were 323 women in 20's and 40's. The anthropometric measurements were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, frequency, T-test, F-test, Duncan test, factor and cluster analysis. The results are as follws : 1) According to the increase of age, the items of height were decreased and the items of width, depth, circumference and length were increased, being obeser and breast points were dropped. So the volume and bottom area of 40's women's breast were larger than 20's women's and the breast point to breast point width of 40's women was being wider by the increase of the intereior of breast. 2) 6 factor were extracted from factor analysis by age group. There was no significant difference in consist of factor between age group. There was no significant difference in consist of facotr between age group, but were differences in the connection of factor extracted items and factor loading. Through factor analysis of all age froup, 5 factors were extracted as important factor of breast shapes (obesity of breast and location of breast point ; breast height and volume ; upper dimensions of breast/lower dimensions of breast ; interior dimensions of breast/exterior dimensions of breast ; volume of the lower part and drop of breast). 3) The breast shapes were classified into 4 types by cluster analysis. The frequency of 20's women's breast types appeared in order of type1(53.0%), type3(32.0%), type2(11.0%), type4(4.0%), but that of breast types of 40's women appeared in order of type2(37.9%), type3(31.1%), type4(26.5%), type1(4.5%). Namely, there was few type4 in 20's women and few type1 in 40's women. 20's women's breast types were characterized as type1·3 and type2·3·4 in 40's women. So 40's women had more various breast types than 20's women's.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to survey women′s poor breast shapes depending on their ages and breast types, and thereupon, analyze the differences and correlations among them, and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to the development of the comfortable brassiere which can serve to correct the poor breast. 1. As a result of categorizing the types of schematic breast sides, "type 1" was characterized by medium lower part, greatest pro trusion of breast itself, volumed upper part and visible breast outside, while "type 2" be characterized by medium lower part, most flatness, poor upper part, smallest outside size and medium outside, and "type 3" was characterized by least poor lower part, medium protrusion of breast, poor upper part, medium outside size , and "type 4" was characterized by poorest lower part, medium protrusion of breast, poor upper part, medium outside size and poorest outside. 2. The breast locations could be categorized depending on brest side types; "type 1" a higher location of breast than the other types, "type 2"had a lower location of breast except for the nipples thant the other types, "type 3" had the lowest location of breast and "type 4" had a comparatively low location of breast but had the highest nipples.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.467-473
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• 2005

The integrative Internet program was developed for the selection of optimal brassiere components according to the breast types of middle-aged women. In this program, a customer is classified into a certain group through three steps of a discriminant analysis. Three variables used in the analysis include breast volume, radii of curvature of under-breast curve, and a distance between inner breast points. Using individual data of three variables, the optimal brassiere components, i.e. brassiere cup size, curvature of front panel and wire, distance between cups, are suggested for each customer. Discrimination of breast types using only 2D measurements is also included for those who do not have easy access to a 3D measurement device.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2010

The breast types of middle-aged women of 80A (formerly 80B) size were classified through a 3D scanned nude body. Thirty seven measurements including the radius of curvature, surface area, volume, surface length, and breast displacements were used as input variables. We extracted five main factors through the factor analysis of the measurements and classified 36 subjects into 3 clusters through the cluster analysis. As a result of the factor analysis, the size of the breast, breast sag, the curvature of the inner and the outer breast curve, the width of the breast, and the nipple direction were found as the main factors. For the results of the classification of breast types, Cluster 1 was characterized by narrow breast width and unsymmetrical under the breast curve, whereas Cluster 2 was a wide and sagged shape. Cluster 3 was classified into big breast volume and symmetrical under-breast curve. The results are useful to the product development of high quality brassieres which reflect the 3D characteristics of breast types of middle-aged women.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1643-1655
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• 2021

Recent studies have reported dysbiosis of the microbiome in breast tissue collected from patients with breast cancer and the association between the microbiota and disease progression. However, the role of the microbiota in breast tissue remains unclear, possibly due to the complexity of breast cancer and various factors, including racial and geographical differences, influencing microbiota in breast tissue. Here, to determine the potential role of microbiota in breast tumor tissue, we analyzed 141 tissue samples based on three different tissue types (tumor, adjacent normal, and lymph node tissues) from the same patients with breast cancer in Korea. The microbiota was not simply distinguishable based on tissue types. However, the microbiota could be divided into two cluster types, even within the same tissue type, and the clinicopathologic factors were differently correlated in the two cluster types. Risk of regional recurrence was also significantly different between the microbiota cluster types (p = 0.014). In predicted function analysis, the pentose and glucuronate interconversions were significantly different between the cluster types (q < 0.001), and Enterococcus was the main genus contributing to these differences (q < 0.01). Results showed that the microbiota of breast tissue could interact with the host and influence the risk of regional recurrence. Although further studies would be recommended to validate our results, this study could expand our understanding on the breast tissue microbiota, and the results might be applied to develop novel prediction methods and treatments for patients with breast cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.40
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• pp.81-93
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• 1998

It is necessary to research shape of the breast of girls at adolescence for developing well-fit brassiers. 313 participants reside in Chonju and Kunsan were gathered for body measurement. The conclusion of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The Analysis of Body Shape by Measurement. Comparing Age GroupⅠ(aged 10 to 12)' measurement with Age GroupⅡ(aged 13 to 15)', Each items has statistical significance. Two groups differed in the length, girth, depth, width items. 2) Factor Analysis of Body Measurement (1) Age GroupⅠ'characteristics were categorized Three Factor : Breast size and breast apex length. Breast volume, Length of the Breast part. (2) Age GroupⅡ' characteristics consist of four factors, which are named as breast size and its jut (first factor), breast volume (second factor), contour of breast profile & its jut (third factor), shoulder length (fourth factor). 3) Characteristics of Breast Shape. (1) Breast shapes of Age GroupⅠ are classified into three types. Types 1 is a protruded and more voluminous shape. Type 2 is the most voluminous and breast fatness is highest. Type 3 is the smallest and flat shape growing now. (2) Breast shapes of Age GroupⅡ are also classified into three types. Type 1 is the longest in length and middle in fatness, voluminous in size. Type 2 is the smallest in stature and the slimmest in fatness in breast shape. Type 3 is middle in length, the fattest and the most voluminous in breast.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1005-1020
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• 2021

Breast augmentation is becoming more common, be it for cosmetic reasons or post-mastectomy. Multiple articles in the literature describe the imaging findings of various types of cosmetic breast augmentation. Some articles describe imaging findings for different types of post-mastectomy reconstructions. This essay aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for the multimodality imaging of various types of breast augmentations in native breast and post-mastectomy reconstructions. Familiarity with these findings will facilitate the detection of complications and new or recurrent breast malignancies in patients. With the extensive illustrations provided in this essay on normal and abnormal imaging findings of augmented breasts, readers will receive exposure that will facilitate effective practice.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental data for a dummy design used I read-made clothing and underwear production I terms of a pattern of breast types based o their morphological characteristics in accordance with different pattern of breast types. The breast's side and frontal views of the breast were measured with 90 junior high school girls of age between 13 and 16 residing in the urban area of Seoul using the plan photogrammetry. 1. The correlation between the side view body measurement and the breast's side and front view were analyzed by using the canonical correlation analysis, whereby the side view body measurement is showing a 39% of the breast's side view and frontal view. 2. The breast's side and front view has been classified by cluster analysis. The results of custer analysis for the breast's side and front view would be turned out the four cluster. 1) The cluster Ⅰ, The most volumed breast's side view.(20%) 2) The cluster Ⅱ, The fastest growing breast's front view.(38%) 3) The cluster Ⅲ, the latest growing breast.(3%) 4) The cluster Ⅳ, the middle degree growing breast.(39%)

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.137-146
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• 2020

The manual measurements of 182 unmarried women subjects in their 20s was classified 4-breast types. For the breast type classification, 4 factors were identified, such as overall breast factor, upper breast internal shape factor, breast volume factor, and lower breast external shape factor. The breast shapes were 'breast with well-grown upper part', 'flat breast', 'breast with well-grown lower part', and 'protruded breast'. The breast types can be differentiated in 10 items of actual anthropometric dimension the length between frontal neck point and nipple point, length between lateral neck point and nipple point, length between the breast inner points, nipple to nipple breadth, diameter below the breast, inner depth of breast, outer length of breast, length below the breast, length between breast outer point and upper breast point, and contour line length below the breast.