• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.160-174
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare marbling score, meat quality, juiciness, sarcomere length, and skeletal muscle satellite cell (SMSC) growth and related gene expression between Woori black pig (WB) and the Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc (LYD) crossbreed at different body weights (b.w.). WB was developed to improve meat quality and growth efficiency by crossbreeding Duroc with Korean native black pig. A total of 24 pigs were sacrificed when their b.w. reached about 50, 75, 100, and 120 kg. SMSC were isolated from the femoris muscles, and muscle and adipose tissues were sampled from the middle and the subcutaneous part of the femoris of hind legs, respectively. Expression levels of genes including Myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), Paired box gene 3 (Pax3), Myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and Myogenin, which are responsible for the growth and development of SMSC, were higher in LYD than the WB. Muscle growth inhibitor myostatin (MSTN), however, was expressed more in WB compared to LYD (p < 0.01). Numbers of SMSC extracted from femoris muscle of LYD at 50, 75, 100, and 120 kg b.w. were 8.5 ± 0.223, 8.6 ± 0.245, 7.2 ± 0.249, and 10.9 ± 0.795, and those from WB were 6.2 ± 0.32, 6.2 ± 0.374, 5.3 ± 0.423, and 17.1 ± 0.315, respectively. Expression of adipogenic genes in adipose tissue including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CEBP)-β, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and fatty acid synthase (FASN), were greater in WB when compared with LYD (p < 0.01). Results from the current study suggest that different muscle cell numbers between 2 different breeds might be affected by related gene expression and this warrants further investigation on other growth factors regulating animal growth and development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2017

Image analysis and k-mean clustering were conducted to develop a grading system of dried sea cucumber (SC) based on rehydration rate. The SC images were obtained by taking pictures in a box under controlled light conditions. The region of interest was extracted to depict the shape of the SC in a 2D graph, and those 2D shapes were rendered to build a 3D model. The results from the image analysis provided the morphological features of the SC, including length, width, surface area, and volume, to obtain the parameters of the k-mean clustering weight. The k-mean clustering classified the SC samples into three different grades. Each SC sample was rehydrated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 40 h. During rehydration, the flux of each grade was analyzed. Our study demonstrates that the mass transfer rate of SC increased as the surface area increased, and the grade of SC was classified based on rehydration rate. This study suggests that the optimal rehydration process for SC can be achieved by applying a suitable grading system.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

Rice plants were exposed to $I_2$ vapor for 80 min at different growth stages in an exposure box to investigate the parameters concerning direct plant contamination. Deposition velocity $(m\;s^{-1})$ of the $I_2$ vapor for the straws was in the range of $1.4{\times}10^{-5}-1.3{\times}10^{-4}$ depending on the exposure time, being comparatively low during the earlier part of the plant growth. Ear deposition velocity was in the range of $2.5{\times}10^{-5}-6.7{\times}10^{-5}$. Whole-plant deposition velocity was in the range of $1.4{\times}10^{-5}-1.8{\times}10^{-4}$ with the highest from the exposure performed on Aug. 18 (7 d after the start of heading). The time-dependent variation generally decreased when the deposition velocity was normalized to the biomass density No noteworthy tendency in the deposition velocity was observed with regard to the temperature, sunlight and humidity. Translocation factor for the hulled seeds was $3.3{\times}10^{-5}-4.7{\times}10^{-4}$ with the highest from the Aug. 23 exposure. It was found that a leaf deposition even before the ear emergence resulted in a considerable seed translocation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2014

In order to seek more eco-friend, economic and safer quarantine method than current methyl bromide fumigation, the convergent treatment with 200 Gy of gamma irradiation and several chemicals such as nano-siver particles (NSS), sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) was tried on the cuttings of lily in the packing of catonnage box for export. With 6 independent experiments of gamma irradiation on the three lily cultivars, cvs. Siberia, Le reve and Sorbonne, incidence and severity of lily leaf blight was investigated on leaves and petals at 8-d after infection. 200 Gy of gamma irradiation decreased at 13-25% of severity on the leaf of Sorbonne, but it increased at 2-5% of severity on the leaf of Siberia and Le reve. Chemical substitutes such as NSS and NaDCC were not effective to control of lily blight on cuttings. By 200 Gy of gamma irradiation treatment, chlorophyll contents were statistically significantly decreased at 12-d after irradiation and the longevities vaselife of fully open flower of Siberia and Sorbonne were increased at 0.4 to 1.2 days. In addition, the relative fresh weights of the gamma irradiated cuttings were severely dried compared to the non-irradiated control. On the other hands, the symptoms of phyto-toxicity of high dose gamma irradiation at 1 or 2 kGy on cv. Siberia were to be blight at the tip of bloom, bent necks of flower, and delayed the process of flowering.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1984

Rice seedlings were raised in seedling box for rice transplanter at the temperatures of 32$^{\circ}C$ (day/1$0^{\circ}C$(night) and $25^{\circ}C$/1$0^{\circ}C$ in a phytotron. The endosperm materials were consumed more rapidly at the high temperature (32/1$0^{\circ}C$) than at the low temperature (25/1$0^{\circ}C$) and thus the leaf development was proloted at the high temperature for 15 days from the sowing. But at 35 days after sowing more leaves were developed at the low temperature than the high temperature. The short cotyledon length(5mm) before sowing was more available for the leaf development than the long cotyledon(20mm) because the endosperm materials of the former were consumed slowly. The residual of 10% endsoperm materials, when seedling age was of 2.0 to 2.1, promoted the regrowth of seedlings after machine transplanting.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.565-570
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• 1989

The influence of age at first calving on the milk production of crossbred dairy cows produced under major dairy cattle crossbreeding projects in Pakistan was studied from the year 1974 to 1980. These animals were bred and raised at the Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadarnagar (LPRI), Livestock Experiment Station, Karachi (LES) and the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF). Local Sahiwal (SWL) cattle were crossed with the European breeds, Holstein Friesian (HF) and Jersey (J) at LPRI and UAF. At LES, native Red Sindhi (RS) were crossed with the HF and J breeds. At LES and UAF, the crossbred progeny, thus, produced comprised of halfbreds only while at LPRI 3/4 HF, 3/4 J, 1/4 HF and 1/4 J groups were also available for this study. The average age at first calving was considerably higher among the native breeds. At LES, the RS calved for the first time at an age of approximately 56 months. Corresponding values for SWLs at LPRI and UAF were 44 and 64 months, respectively. The 1/2 HF and 1/2 J crossbreds calved first at the age of approximately 25, 26, 34, 36, 37 and 38 months at LPRI, LES and UAF respectively. For 3/4 HF, 3/4 K, 1/4 HF and 1/4 J groups of LPRI the average age at first calving was 29, 26, 34 and 33 months. Considerable differences in age at first calving between the crossbreds and native breeds were observed. Due to early maturity, the former attained the peak level of milk production in third lactation whereas the latter groups, because of late maturity, reached this level in their fourth lactation. This study suggested that early maturity in Zebu cattle (Box indicus) could be induced through crossbreeding with European cattle (Bos Taurus).

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.215-224
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• 2019

According to the recent civil engineering construction work site which is a complex process, development of multi-functional geotextiles is required. In this study, the characteristics of five different modified cross-section fiber yarns for the selection of wicking yarns were analyzed and yarns that can achieve target properties were selected. Experimental prototype geotextiles suitable for horizontal wicking drain property and reinforcement was developed and its tensile strength, 2% secant modulus, vertical water permeability, AOS, friction characteristics by the direct shear method, and vertical/horizontal wicking test were analyzed. These tests are conducted to verify the performance of the geotextiles with horizontal wick drain property, separation and reinforcement developed in this study. As a results of the indoor soil box test, it was confirmed that the geotextiles using the wicking yarn sufficiently exhibited the function of discharging excess pore water in the horizontal direction.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.117-127
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• 2015

Recently, there has been a string of negligent accidents for the retaining wall and slope. In order to measure the ground deformation for the MSE wall, the authors carried out the model test to assess behavioral characteristics of geogrid MSE walls in active failure state with different conditions of geogrid reinforcement. The models are built in the soil container box having dimension, 100 cm long, 90 cm height, and 10 cm wide. The reinforcement used in the model test is geogrid (polyvinyl chloride, PVC). Three geogrids are sized by $30cm{\times}60cm$, $30cm{\times}70cm$, $30cm{\times}80cm$ (width ${\times}$ length) respectively. In this study, the laboratory model tests represented for several conditions of the MSE wall, and then its results were compared to 2D FE analysis.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.6
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• pp.96-110
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• 1985

This report is briefly thied to introduce the kinds of clothes for the body of deceased and special features of remains in the era of the middle of Yidynasty found in Changheung IM's tomb, and some remarks related to the conservation treatment for shrouds as well. The contents of this report are summed up as follows:1. Included with the clothes of dead body of IM's clan were 2 pcs. Of woman's jacket, 2 pcs. of underpants, 1pcs. of single layered overcoat twithout cotton, 1pcs.of women's overcoat with a single layered thin cotton inside, women's socks, cushoned mattress, straw shoes and other hemp fabrics etc. By the observation of these remains, it is considered that they dressed the deceased with new cloth taken from the unsuals not prepared specially and stored beforehand for such as occasion as does it nowadays.2. As to the conservation treatment, the materials were comparatively good and so they employed general tank washing method with special neutrality liquid soap(made by Lab, of Household Products, Pacific R & D Center) for cleaning imbrued matrials on the clothes. After cleaning and drying naturally at a shade place, remains put into apaulowania tree box were fumigated by mixed gas (M. B. + E. O.) for prevention of damages from fungi and insects.3. Desirable environment control for scientific conservation of such kinds of cellulose textiles is to be illuminated at below 50Lux, temperature 16-18℃, relative humidity 45-60%($\pm$4%) and removed the dust. For the prevention of the damaging fungi and insects, it is desirable to fumigate by mixed gas (M.B.+E.O.) once a year.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2010

In this paper, I present the domestic development of near infrared camera systems for the ground telescope and the space satellite. These systems are the first infrared instruments made for astronomical observation in Korea. KASINICS (KASI Near Infrared Camera System) was developed to be installed on the 1.8m telescope of the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO) in Korea. KASINICS is equipped with a $512{\times}512$ InSb array enable L band observations as well as J, H, and Ks bands. The field-of-view of the array is $3.3'{\times}3.3'$ with a resolution of 0.39"/pixel. It employs an Offner relay optical system providing a cold stop to eliminate thermal background emission from the telescope structures. From the test observation, limiting magnitudes are J=17.6, H=17.5, Ks=16.1 and L(narrow)=10.0 mag at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 in an integration time of 100 s. MIRIS (Multi-purpose InfraRed Imaging System) is the main payload of the STSAT-3 in Korea. MIRIS Space Observation Camera (SOC) covers the observation wavelength from $0.9{\mu}m$ to $2.0{\mu}m$ with a wide field of view $3.67^{\circ}{\times}3.67^{\circ}$. The PICNIC HgCdTe detector in a cold box is cooled down below 100K by a micro Stirling cooler of which cooling capacity is 220mW at 77K. MIRIS SOC adopts passive cooling technique to chill the telescope below 200K by pointing to the deep space (3K). The cooling mechanism employs a radiator, a Winston cone baffle, a thermal shield, MLI of 30 layers, and GFRP pipe support in the system. Opto-mechanical analysis was made in order to estimate and compensate possible stresses from the thermal contraction of mounting parts at cryogenic temperatures. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of mechanical structure was also conducted to ensure safety and stability in launching environments and in orbit. MIRIS SOC will mainly perform the Galactic plane survey with narrow band filters (Pa $\alpha$ and Pa $\alpha$ continuum) and CIB (Cosmic Infrared Background) observation with wide band filters (I and H) driven by a cryogenic stepping motor.