• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.543-547
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 원유와 사일리지, 전통발효식품 등으로부터 유방염 원인균에 대한 항균성을 가지는 유산균을 분리하였고, 이들 중 원유에서는 79, 91-3 균주와 전통발효식품에서는 SA131, NK24, NK34, 32, 44-1 균주, 사일리지에서는 253, 261, 262, 263, 265 균주, 닭분변에서 B32, C23 균주에서 유방염 원인균에 대한 비교적 높은 항균력을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 새로운 항생제 대체물질의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.261-279
• /
• 1997

The study for a effect of monitoring on bovine mastitis was conduced for improvement of raw milk from Jan. to Dec. in 1996. Sampling the milk of 367 cows(1, 406 quarters) from 5 herds in Inchon and were carried out California mastitis test(CMT), somatic cell count(SCC), isolation of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The results were summarized as follows, 1. The number of bovine mastitis was 177 cows(48.2%) and 371 quarters(26.4%) : clinical mastitis : 25 cows(6.8%), 32 quarters(2.3%) and subclinicsl mastitis : 152 cows(41.4% ), 339 quarters(24.1%). Incidence rate of mastitis by season were Summer 52.0%, Fall and Winter 48% and Spring 41%. Incidence rate of mastitis by quarters were Summer 30%, Fall 28%, Winter 25% and Spring 21%, respectively. 2. In the distribution of CMT degree by quarter, CMT positive(CMT$\pm$) of 1, 406 quarters milk were 50.1% (704 quarters). The ratio of CMT positivity by quarter were left front quarter 55.8%, right front quarter 48.9%, right hind quarter 48.6% and left hind quarter 47% The ratio of CMT positivity by season were Summer 54.1%, Fall 49.7%, Spring 48.5% and Winter 48% 3. The highest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was "A" herd. Mean SCC (cell/ml) of A herd were Summer 2, 032, 000cells/ml, Fall 1, 109, 000cells/ml, Winter 782, 000cells/ml and Spring 577, 000cells/ml. The lowest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was "E" herds. Mean SCC of E herd were Summer 1, 064, 000cells/ml, Spring 795, 000cells/m1, Fall 429, 000cells/ml and Winter 400, 000cells/ml. Mean SCC of the other herds by season were little difference. 4. The milk samples of "A" herd were collected from 10 cows. In 3 seasons, mean SCC of No. 2 and 3 cows were than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 8 cows were than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 4 cows, Winter 3 cows, Spring and Fall 1 cow respectively. The milk samples of "B" herd were collected from 14 cows. In 3 seasons, mean SCC of No. 1 cow was more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 5, 9 and 14 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, No. 3, 6 and 7 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Fall and Winter 4 cows respectively, Summer 3 cows and Spring 1 cow. The milk samples of "C" herd were collected from 18 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 16 cow was more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 6, 7, 13, 15 and 18 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml respectively. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 5 cows, Fall 3 cows, Spring 2 cows and Winter 1 COW. The milk sampes of "D" herd were collected 24 cows. In 3 season, mean SCC of No. 14 cow was more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 14 and 18 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 17, 19, 20 and 21 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows were distributed Fall 15 cows, Spring and Winter 4 cows respectively and Summer 3 cows. The milk samples of "E" herd were collected from 27 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 21 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 2, 4, 7, 11, 14, 16 and 23 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows were distributed Spring and Fall 5 cows respectively, Summer and Winter 2 cows, respectively. 5. The rate of isolated pathogenic microorganisms from bovine mastitis were summarized as follows : Staphylococcus sp 168 strains(45.8%), Streptococcus sp 82 strains(22.3%), Gram(-) sp 45 strains(12.3%), Gram(＋) sp 51 strains and the other sp 21 strains(5.7%). 6. The highest of antibiotic sensitivity test of each microorganism was summarized as follows : Staphyolcoccus sp - cephalosporin 76%, gentamicin 55%, Streptococcus sp - ampicillin 61%, cephalosporin 63%, Gram(-) sp - gentamicin 58%, Gram(＋) sp - cephalosporin 63%, The other sp - cephalosporin 90%. Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity(68%) to cephalospsorin. Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity(68%) to cephalospsorin.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.370-374
• /
• 2005

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that is found in milk, neutrophils, and other biological fluids, and its receptors have also been identified in the central nervous system. Recently, it was reported that bovine milk-derived lacto­ferrin (BLF) produced analgesia via a $\mu$-opioid receptor-mediated response in the spinal cord. However the precise mech­anism of this analgesic effect is remains unclear. In Randall-Selitto paw pressure study, each single administration of morphine (10 mg/kg) and BLF (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) induced analgesia, however, NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg), inhibited analgesia induced by BLF (100 mg/kg). Intracerebroventricular infusion (I.C.V.) of N­methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) ($0.3\;{\mu}g/8.0\;{\mu}l/hr/day$), as a NMDA receptor agonist, reversed inhibition of MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) on analgesia induced by BLF (100 mg/kg). These results suggest that BLF have analgesic effect, through NMDA recep­tor activation.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 1998

The effects of chitosan on mastitis in lactating holstein cows were evaluated. Fifty six cows with intramammary infection(IMI) from nine farms were selected and the cows were fed with diets which contained 15~20g chitosan per day for 5~7 days. The milk samples were obtained from cows at 7 days and 14 days after administration to determine effect of the curing of mastitis and the reduction of somatic cell counts(SCC). The average value of SCC levels in quarter milk from the cows administrated with chitosan significantly decreased up to 31.8% and 47.7% at 7 and 14 days, respectively(P<0.05). The cure rates of chitosan for Stapylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Streptococci spp, other gram positive bacteria and coliforms were 30.4, 42.8, 33.3, 66.6 and 54.5 % respectively. Twenty three out of 64 cases were cured by feeding with chitosan. The results showed that administration of chitosan could reduce SCC in milk and improve cure rates of bovine mastitis caused by microorganisms. The further studies will be pursued to study on the mechanism of chitosan in the immune responses of cows with mastitis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.825-835
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc supplementation of Friesian cows on chemical-nutritional and aromatic properties of Caciocavallo cheese after 7 days (C₇) and 120 days (C₁₂₀) of ripening. Methods: Twenty eight Friesian cows, balanced for parity, milk production and days in milk, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The control group (CG) was fed with a conventional complete diet, while the experimental group (zinc group, ZG) received a daily zinc supplementation of 60 mg for kg of dry complete feed. During the experimental period, the milk yield was monitored and samples of milk and caciocavallo cheese were collected and analyzed for chemical-nutritional composition and aromatic profile. Results: The enrichment of dairy cows diet with zinc, did not influence milk yield and composition, however a marked reduction of somatic cell count was evidenced. Both in milk and cheese the ZG samples were characterized by a lower concentration of satured fatty acids and an increase in oleic, vaccenic and rumenic acids. The aromatic profile of dairy products was also positively affected by dietary zinc intake, with an increase in concentration of carboxylic acids, esters and lactones. Conclusion: The present results suggest a positive role of dietary zinc intake in improving the quality of bovine milk and related cheese, in particular for the increase in concentration of bioactive fatty acids such as rumenic acid. The changes evidenced in cheese through the analysis of the volatile profile, would be consistent with the development of interesting organoleptic properties, although further evaluations should be performed to confirm the consumer acceptability of these changes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.1889-1896
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of prepartum body condition score (BCS) on the milk yield, lipid metabolism, and oxidative status of Holstein cows. Methods: A total of 112 multiparous Holstein cows were divided into 4 groups according to the BCS at 21 days before calving: medium BCS (3.0 to 3.25, MBCS), high BCS (3.5 to 3.75, HBCS), higher BCS (4.0 to 4.25, HerBCS), and highest BCS (4.5 to 5.0, HestBCS). Blood samples were collected on 21, 14, and 7 days before calving (precalving), on the calving day (calving), and on 7, 14, and 21 days after calving (postcalving). The indices of lipid metabolism and oxidative status were analyzed using bovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Colostrum were taken after calving and analyzed by a refractometer and milk analyzer. The individual milk yield was recorded every 3 days. Results: The density and levels of immune globulin and lactoprotein of colostrum from Holstein cows in the HestBCS group were the highest (p<0.05). These animals not only had the highest (p<0.05) levels of serum non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate, but also had the highest (p<0.05) levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin A, and vitamin E. In addition, greater (p<0.05) BCS loss was observed in the HestBCS cows. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the milk yield, lipid metabolism, and oxidative status of Holstein cows are related to prepartum BCS and BCS loss during the transition period. HestBCS cows are more sensitive to oxidative stress and suffer greater loss of BCS after calving, whereas the MBCS animals had better milk yield performance.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2002

The present study was conducted for the production of transgenic cloned cows those secrete human lactoferricin into milk by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT). To estimate detrimental effects of gene transfection on transgenic cloned embryo production, development rates of NT embryos were compared between transfected and non-transfected cumulus and ear fibroblast cells. An expression plasmid for human lactofericin (pbeta-LFC) was constructed by inserting a bovine beta-casein promoter, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene, and human lactoferricin target gene into a pcDNA3 plasmid. Two bovine somatic cell lines (cumulus cell and ear fibroblast) were established and transfected with the expression plasmid using a liposomal transfection reagent, Fugene6 as a carrier. Cumulus cell and ear fibroblast were transfected at the passage of 2 to 4, trypsinized and GFP-expressing cells were randomly selected and used for somatic cell NT. Developmental competences (rates of fusion, cleavage, and blastocyst formation) in bovine transgenic somatic cell NT embryos reconstructed with non-transfectecd cells were significantly higher than those from transfected cells in cumulus cell and ear fibroblast (P＜0.05). This study indicated that transfection of done. cell has detrimental effect on embryo development in bovine transgenic NT.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.806-813
• /
• 2010

Animal bioreactors have been regarded as alternative tools for the production of limited human therapeutic proteins. The mammary glands of cattle are optimal tissues to produce therapeutic proteins that cannot be produced in large amounts in traditional systems based on microorganisms and eukaryotic cells. In this study, two knock-in vectors, pBCTPOKI-6 and pBCTPOKI-10, which target the hTPO gene on the bovine beta-casein locus, were designed to develop cloned transgenic cattle. The pBCTPOKI-6 and pBCTPOKI-10 vectors expressed hTPO protein in culture medium at a concentration of 774 pg/ml and 1,867 pg/ml, respectively. Successfully, two targeted cell clones were obtained from the bovine fibroblasts transfected with the pBCTPOKI-6 vector. Cloned embryos reconstructed with the targeted nuclei showed a lower in vitro developmental competence than those with the wild-type nuclei. After transfer of the cloned embryos into recipients, 7 pregnancies were detected at 40 to 60 days of gestation, but failed to develop to term. The results are the first trial for targeting of a human gene on the bovine milk protein gene locus, providing the potential for a large-scale production of therapeutic proteins in the animal bioreactor system.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.524-527
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 소의 유선 내 감염(유방염)과 체세포 면역 표지자의 상관 관계 분석을 위하여 자연적으로 감염된 젖소와 건강한 젖소의 우유를 비교한 단면조사 연구이다. 유방염에 이환된 31마리의 국내 젖소의 우유에서 세 가지의 체세포 면역 표지자(CD11b, CD4, CD8)의 발현과 체세포 수(SCC), 그리고 세균학적인 분석(배양 및 PCR검사)을 통한 감염 여부 및 병원체의 종류에 대하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 감염된 젖소의 우유는 건강한 젖소의 우유보다 체세포 내의 CD11b와 CD4발현이 유의적으로 증가하였으며, CD4/CD8비율도 높았다. 그러나, 병원체의 종류에 따른 증가된 체세포 면역 표지자와는 커다란 연관성을 보이지 않았으나, 감염된 병원체의 수와 관련해서는, 체세포 면역 표지 인자 CD11b, CD4의 발현 그리고 CD4/8 비율의 증가와 현저한 관련이 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과로 볼 때, 면역 표지자를 이용한 우유의 체세포 분석을 통하여 특발성 소 유방염의 진단 및 관리에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2016

Although the chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of bovine milk have been extensively studied, only a few studies have attempted to characterize milk-synthesizing genes using RNA-seq data. RNA-seq data was collected from 21 Holstein samples, along with group information about milk production ability; milk yield; and protein, fat, and solid contents. Meta-analysis was employed in order to generally characterize genes related to milk production. In addition, we attempted to investigate the relationship between milk related traits, parity, and lactation period. We observed that milk fat is highly correlated with lactation period; this result indicates that this effect should be considered in the model in order to accurately detect milk production related genes. By employing our developed model, 271 genes were significantly (false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted p-value<0.1) detected as milk production related differentially expressed genes. Of these genes, five (albumin, nitric oxide synthase 3, RNA-binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 3, secreted and transmembrane 1, and serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit B) were technically validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in order to check the accuracy of RNA-seq analysis. Finally, 83 gene ontology biological processes including several blood vessel and mammary gland development related terms, were significantly detected using DAVID gene-set enrichment analysis. From these results, we observed that detected milk production related genes are highly enriched in the circulation system process and mammary gland related biological functions. In addition, we observed that detected genes including caveolin 1, mammary serum amyloid A3.2, lingual antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin 4 (CATHL4), cathelicidin 6 (CATHL6) have been reported in other species as milk production related gene. For this reason, we concluded that our detected 271 genes would be strong candidates for determining milk production.