• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1987

Non-durable flame retardant finish, borax/boric acid mixed solution, was applied to cotton fabric with pad-dry method. The LOI(limited oxygen index) was measured as the measare of the flame retardant effect. The TGA was investigated to know the thermal behavior of the samples. In addition, the solubility of the solutions was investigated. The results were as follows: 1) There was a synergism of flame retardant effect in the borax/boric acid mixed solution treatment and the maximum synergism was shown around the ratio of 7 : 3 2) After the borax/boric acid solution treatment, the degradation temperature was lowered and degraded at the larger temp range with slower rate. The residual char length also increased. 3) The solubility of borax/boric acid become higher when the ratio of borax/boric acid became similar. Compositions from 80/20 to 40/60 borax/boric acid mixtures were solubilized well in room temperatuare or warmwater therefor there was no problem for home use.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.10
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• pp.61-71
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• 1971

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of slaked lime and borax on the Akiochi paddy field. The pot trial(slaked lime was treated 0, 6, 10, 15g and borax 0, 0.75, 1.5g per pot) and the field trial(slaked lime was treated 0, 100, 200kg and borax 0, 10, 30, 50kg per 10are) respectively. The results are summarized as fo11ows. I. Pot Trial: 1. In a heavy treated of borax, appeared chlorosis on whole leaves(bottom) in early growing stage, However, in about 25 days after transplanting, these chlorosis were disappeared gradually. And in proportion to close by maturity after the ear-heading, changed to dark brown color and rolled at the end of upper leaves, finally withered. At the same time the part of the end of grains was also colored to dark brown. 2. Slaked lime effected to increase the ti1lering, hence increased the number of ear, on the other hand, borax showed the tendency of repression the tillering, conversely. 3. Borax effected to hurried up to heading date of rice plant, to which borax had been the plot of B$_1$ to 3 days and B$_2$ to 5 days, hurried up than control respectively, regardless of the quantities of slaked lime application. 4. According to the application of borax, the length of culm were shortened, otherwise the length of panicle were longished, then no recognized the. independent effect of slaked lime. 5. The number of grains per panicle were seemed like increased by treatment of slaked lime, but the grain were decreased in the heavy treatment of slaked lime and borax. These phenomena were showed in ratio of maturity likely tendency as above. 6. In the 1, 000 grains weight of brown rice, in the case of slaked lime was almost no significant, otherwise by increase the application of borax, increased the weight of 1, 000 grains and the size of the grains was greater. 7. The weight of rough rice and straw were showed the same tendency as the number of grains and maturity ratio. particularly, showed the phenomenon of the reduction by the heavy application of borax. II. Field trial: 1. In a heavy treated of borax, appeared chlorosis in a early growing stage, according to close by maturiting date after the ear-heading changed to dark brown the end of upper leaves, finally dried. 2. Slaked lime application accelerated the growth and increased the number of ear, but borax showed the tendency of repression the tillering. 3. Borax effected to hurried up to heading date of rice plant, according to heavy treatment of borax quickened heading date for 4 to 5 days. 4. As a whole, culm length was repressed by borax treatment. 5. Borax application 10kg per 10are advanced progress the maturity, but in the case of above 30kg per 10are of borax showed the tendency obstruction the maturity. 6. The yield of rough rice and brown rice recognized the independent effect of slaked lime and borax, respectively. the yield was decreased by the abundant of borax.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

The properties of paper are very susceptible to moisture content originated from relative humidity. This propensity of PVA impregnated paper was investigated in this study. Especially the hardening effect of borax treatment after PVA impregnation on the response of paper sample to the relative humidity was evaluated. When the moisture content was increased with the relative humidity, tensile stretch and tear resistance were increased while tensile strength and stiffness were decreased. A great increase in folding endurance of PVA impregnated paper sample was found at the higher relative humidity. The borax treatment could reduce the response of PVA impregated paper to the relative humidity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2023

This research aimed to evaluate the durability of Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) wood treated with boron preservatives, citric acid (CA), and heating against termites. Wood samples were impregnated firstly with 5% boron solutions, such as boric acid, borax and boric acid + borax combination at 1:1 (w/w). The second impregnation used 5% CA. The impregnations were conducted in a pressure tank at 7 kg/cm² for 4 hours. After impregnation, the samples were heat treated at 80℃ or 160℃. All the treated and control samples were exposed to decay fungi, drywood termites and subterranean termites based on SNI 7207:2014 standard. The results showed that boron preservatives reduced fungal attacks on Samama wood. The combination treatment of boric acid, CA and heat treatment at 160℃ was also effective to increase the resistance of Samama wood against white- and brown rot fungi, and drywood termites. Heat treatment consistently improved the resistance of Samama wood from decay fungi.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 1993

Bending fracture strength test and impact strength test were made for VC coated die steels treated by immersing in molten borax bath and for hardened steels which were quenched and tempered, in order to clarify the effect of VC coating at $1000^{\circ}C$. The material used in this investigation was representative cold and hot work die steels STD11, STD61. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The bending fracture strength of VC coated die steel (STD11, STD61) was lessened with increasing the thickness of the VC coated layer. 2) With increasing the immersing time (imcreasing the thickness of the VC coated layer) the maximum hardness was obtained at 480 minutes holding, after that holding time hardness was decreased. 3) The impact strength of the VC coated die steel was not decreased. In the casse of STD11, it was higher than that of the quenched condition especially at low tempering temperature, and vice versa at high tempering temperature. However in the case of STD61 shows the result to the contrary.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2000

A study on adhesion and wear resistance of VC(vanadium carbide) coating on die steels, STD11 and STD61, has been carried out. The VC coating on the die steels was made by immersing them in molten borax bath, a kind of TRD(thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion). Adhesion strength and wear resistance were investigated using scratch test, indentation test and plate-disc test(Ogoshi type) respectively. The influence of sliding distance on the amount of wear has been determined and dominant wear mechanisms has been characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EDS spectroscopy. The critical adhesion strength($L_c$) between VC coating layer and substrate(STD11) was increased to 60N($L_c$) in the scratch test. In the case of STD61, the strength increased to 24N. The wear resistance of VC coated die steels was excellent because the diffusion layer formed just below the coating layer. The dominant wear mechanism was identified as adhesive wear for VC coating die steels which were worn by combination of cracking and plucking of VC fragments and disc.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1985

To study the non-sprouting causes of mulberry saplings, 8 treatments, borax + lime + compost, borax, lime, Jamsi fertilizer No. 1, heavy nitrogen application, branch harvest, heavy harvest and no treatment were applied on the nursery garden. The tract used as the paddy field before sapling produced was very poor in the soil chemical and physical properties. The results were as follows; 1. The survial rates of saplings were higher than 98% in the treatments of borax, lime, Jamsi fertilizer No. 1, whereas were higher than 98% in the treatments of borax, lime, Jamsi fertilizer No. 1, whereas heavy nitrogen 59% and heavy harvest 71%. 2. The survial rate was showed deeper relationship with the chemical concentration in stem cortex than in root cortex, especially the content of B, Cu and Zn. 3. The nitrogen content in stem cortex was much higher in the heavy nitrogen treatment by 0.89%, where as 0.6∼0.7% in the other treatments. However, treatments of the heavy harvest and the branch harvest were around 5%. 4. In order to decrease the non-sprouting sapling rate, nursery garden should be good in soil chemical and physical properties. Harvest from saplings and heavy nitrogen application should be prevented and lime or Jamsi fertilizer should be applied to saplings.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 1981

Exterior grades of Douglas-fir and aspen plywood were impregnated with interior fire-retardant chemicals and redried under low-, intermediate-, and high-temperature drying conditions. Fire-retardant treatments included borax-boric acid, chromated zinc chloride, minalith, pyresote, and a commercial formulation. Drying processes included kiln and press-drying. Evaluated were drying rates and defects generated. The borax-boric acid and the commercial treatments redried at rates similar to water-treated controls. Other salt treatments were significantly slower drying and more defect prone. Chromated zinc chloride treatment was consistently the slowest drying and most defect prone. Press drying was three times faster at an equivalent temperature level. However, thickness shrinkage doubled because of 50 1b/in. platen pressure.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.475-486
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• 2008

In this study, fire-retardant chemicals were melt with mixed composition ratios of dibasic ammonium phosphate and each half of boric acid and borax in hot water, in which hammer-milled chips were immersed to increase swelling of waste particleboards. Also, fire-retardant treated particles from sawn lumber chip and recycled particleboard chip were composed in ratio of 70:30 in core layer to improve boards' properties. Retention ratio of fire-retardant chemicals for the particles for face layer was high due to high specific surface area, and that of sawn lumber chips was somewhat higher than that of recycled particleboard chips. The mixture of particles from sawn lumber chips and recycled PB of 70:30 in weight ratio exceeded bending strength of 100 $kgf/cm^2$. It seemed that the relatively greater portions of dibasic ammonium phosphate affected adversely to dimensional stability, however fire-retardants treatment resulted in distinct effect lowering formaldehyde emission such as $E_0$ type(0.5mg/$\ell$ or less) in KS F 3104. In fire-retardancy, the recycled boards with a mixed ratio of dibasic ammonium phosphate to boric acid borax(50:50 mixture) of 70% to 30% in weight satisfied fire-retardancy 3rd grade in KS F 2271, and also this composition from cone calorimeter test met same standard grade figuring total heat release of 4.6MJ/$m^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.315-325
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• 2020

Boron compound had many advantages as wood preservative, but it was prone to leaching. Improving boron preservation was required to extend the service life of fast growing and low durability red jabon (Antochephalus macrophyllus) hardwood. This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional stability, color change and durability of modified red jabon wood by double impregnation with boron and methyl methacrylate (MMA) and heat treatment. Impregnation I used boric acid or borax, and impregnation II used MMA, while heat treatment used temperatures of 90 ℃ or 180 ℃ for 4 hours. The dimensional stability, leachability, water absorption, color change and decay resistance of modified red jabon wood were tested. The results showed that MMA impregnation increased the dimensional stability of red jabon wood, while the leaching and water absorption in the wood significantly reduced. Heating at 180 ℃ caused less water absorption and higher dimensional stability of the wood than that of heating at 90 ℃. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed by heating at 90 ℃ resulted in the highest wood ASE, 89.9%. The color change (∆E^*) of wood increased significantly after MMA impregnation and heating at 180 ℃. Boric acid impregnation caused more resistant wood than borax impregnation against decay fungi and termites. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed with heating at 180 ℃ increased significantly the wood resistance against decay fungi and termites.