• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2010

The objectives of this study is to figure out the unknown image processing methods of commercial CR system. We have implemented the processing curve of each Look up table(LUT) in REGIUS 150 CR system by using virtual digital test pattern method. The characteristic of Dry Imager was measured also. First of all, we have generated the virtual digital test pattern file with binary file editor. This file was used as an input data of CR system (REGIUS 150 CR system, KONICA MINOLTA). The DICOM files which were automatically generated output files by the CR system, were used to figure out the processing curves of each LUT modes (THX, ST, STM, LUM, BONE, LIN). The gradation curves of Dry Imager were also measured to figure out the characteristics of hard copy image. According to the results of each parameters, we identified the characteristics of image processing parameter in CR system. The processing curves which were measured by this proposed method showed the characteristics of CR system. And we found the linearity of Dry Imager in the middle area of processing curves. With these results, we found that the relationships between the curves and each parameters. The G value is related to the slope and the S value is related to the shift in x-axis of processing curves. In conclusion, the image processing method of the each commercial CR systems are different, and they are concealed. This proposed method which uses virtual digital test pattern can measure the characteristics of parameters for the image processing patterns in the CR system. We expect that the proposed method is useful to analogize the image processing means not only for this CR system, but also for the other commercial CR systems.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2014

Purpose The region growing has a critical problem that it often extract vessels with unexpected objects such as a bone which has a similar intensity characteristics to the vessel. We propose the new method to extract arterial vascular anatomy around the stomach from the CTA volume without the post-processing. Materials and Methods Our method, which is also based on the region growing, requires the two seed points from the use. I automatically extracts perigastric arteries using the adaptive region growing method and it does not need any post-processing. Results The three region growing based methods are used to extract perigastric arteries - the conventional region growings with restrict and loose thresholds each and the proposed method. The 3D visualization from the result of our method shows our method extracted the all required arteries for gastric surgery. Conclusion By extracting perigastric arteries using the proposed method, over-segmentation problem that unexpected anatomical objects such as a rib or backbone are also segmented does not occurs anymore. The proposed method does not need to sensitively determine the thresholds of the similarity function. By visualizing the result, the preoperative simulation of arterial vascular anatomy around the stomach can be possible.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

Cathepsin K (cat K) is the major cysteine protease expressed in osteoclasts and was thought to play a key role in matrix degradation during bone resorption. It was shown that the intracellular maturation of cat K was prevented by the cAMP antagonist, Rp-cAMP, and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors of KT5720 and H89. In contrast, forskolin, a adenylate cyclase agonist, rather induced Cat K processing and maturation in osteoclasts. Furthermore, to determine whether cat K processing and maturation signaling involves protein kinase C (PKC), mouse total bone cells were treated with calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of PKC, however, no effect was observed, indicating that calphostin C did not affect to osteoclast-mediated cat K processing and maturation. Thus, it is indicated that the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway regulates cat K maturation in osteoclasts. Since secreted proenzymes have the potential to reenter the cell via M6P receptor, to prevent this possibility, it was tested cAMP antagonist Rp-cAMP and the PKA inhibitors KT5720 and H89 in the absence or presence of M6P. Inhibition of cat K processing by Rp-cAMP, KT5720, or H89 was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the addition of M6P resulted in enhanced potency of Rp-cAMP, KT5720 and H89. These dose-dependently inhibited in vitro bone resorption with a potency similar to that observed for inhibition of cat K processing.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2012

Purpose: Recent mechatronics technology is the most appropriate high technology in agricultural applications to save repetitious labor. Method: Cow's body parameters were measured by several traditional measurers. Image processing technology was used to measure automatically their parameters to reduce labor and time. The parameters were measured form a small model cow which is easily measured, instead to a real cow. The image processing system designed and built for this project was composed of a PC, grabber card, and two cameras, which are located on the side and the top of the model cow. Tests of verification had measured 10 dairy cows. Result: Nine parameters of the model cow's body were measured, and the difference between the real data and the data by image processing was less than 16.7%. Based on the results of the research, the parameters of a real cow had measured of chest depth, withers height, Pelvic arch height, body length, slope body length, chest width, hip width, thurl width, and pin bone width were compared with image processing data. Conclusions: In the Demonstration test, Result had obtained similar data of cow model experiments, and the most of errors were shown less than 5% relatively good result.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.173-208
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• 2017

This study sorted out the political methods of the typical shell-and-bone inscriptions during early Western Zhou, the shapes and arrangements of Chan, Chak, and Jak, and the characteristics and description methods of shell-and-bone characters and also investigated the formation backgrounds and changing patterns of shell-and-bone inscriptions with a focus on the transmitted literature and actual shell-and-bone inscriptions. First, the transmitted literature contained records saying that Gogongdanbu told fortunes by burning tortoise shells during Proto-Zhou, but no Bokgap from those days had been excavated yet. The content of the divination focused on the periods of Kings Wen, Wu, and Cheng of Zhou, and the shell-and-bone characters of Juwon contained much content about Jugong those days. Second, there were some differences in the processing methods between Bokgap and Bokgol, but their origin could basically be found in the Joyeongjang form during middle Shang. In addition, it was found that they directly accepted the Bukchon type of Seomseo during late Shang and the divination method of the Proto-Zhou culture. Third, all of Bokgaps had a set of square Chan and rectangular Chak installed on the back, whereas all of Bokgols had a set of circular Chan and vertically thin Chak and were in the shape of a cat's eye. In terms of the Chan, Chak, and Jak arrangement, the Bokgaps were similar to those of Yinxu during late Shang, whereas the Bokgols had the characteristics of the Joyeongjang type during middle Shang. Finally, there were differences in the description methods of shell-and-bone characters according to the arrangement methods of shell-and-bone inscriptions. Some rules were found according to each of the parts. Bokgaps were placed horizontally so that Gapsu would face sideways. The middle sections of Bokgols were mostly placed horizontally with the Byeongbu and Seonbu facing downwards at Golgu to write downwards from right to left. This method was estimated to have something to do with "Sigo" in the divination process in The Rites of Zhou. It was inferred that the perceptions of divination changed in the process of arranging the rites and music institutions during early Western Zhou.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1627-1642
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• 2021

This study aims to evaluate physical fitness according to the bone age of youth, and ultimately provide basic data for balanced development of youth through physical fitness standard indicators according to the bone age. A total of 730 youth aged 11 to 13 years in bone age and 11 to 13 years in chronological age were selected as subjects; and after taking X-ray films to calculate the bone age, they were evaluated by using the TW3 method. A total of 2 components in physique, which were stature and weight, were measured using a stadiometer(Hanebio, Korea, 2021) and Inbody 270(Biospace, Korea, 2019). A total of 7 components in physical fitness were measured as well, which included muscular strength (Hand Grip Strength), balance (Bass Stick Test), agility (Plate Tapping), power (Standing Long Jump), flexibility (Sit&Reach), muscular endurance (Sit-Up), and cardiovascular endurance (Shuttle Run). Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were conducted for data processing using the SPSS PC/Program(Version 26.0), and it was considered significant at the level of p< .05. The results of this study may be summarized as follow. First, the result of comparing the bone age and the chronological age of 11 to 13 years old in physical fitness, males showed significant difference in muscular strength, power, muscular endurance, and cardiovasular endurance. In females, muscular strength, balance, agility, power, flexibility, muscular endurance, and cardiovascular endurance showed significant difference. Second, physical fitness standard indicators were presented for each gender and age (11-13 years old) of youth according to the bone age; and based on this, physical fitness standard indicators, which are basic data for physical fitness evaluation according to the bone age of youth, were presented.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 1993

Refractory periodontitis manifest progressive attachment loss in a rapid and unrelenting manner regardless of the type or frequency of therapy applied. The purpose of this study was ta evaluate the relation between the level of cytokines in GCF and periodontopathic microflora with disease activity of refractory periodontitis. Selection of patients with refractory periodontitis (7 males, 3 females) were made by long term clinical observation including conventional clinical history and parameters. Teeth that showed pocket depth greater than 6mm were selected as sample teeth. Subjects were examined at baseline and after 3 months. Prior to baseline test, individual acrylic stent was fabricated. Reference grooves were made on each sample tooth site. Pocket depth and attachment loss were measured by Florida Probe. Gingival index was measured at 4 sites each sample teeth. Disease activity was defined as attachment loss of ${\ge}$ 2.1mm, as determined by sequential probing and tolerance method. The pattern and amount of alveolar bone resorption was observed with quantitative digital subtraction image processing radiography. Morphological analysis of subgingival bacteria was taken by phase contrast microscopy. Predominant cultivable bacterial distribution and frequency were compared between disease-active and disease-inactive site using immunofluorescence microscopy and selective microbial culturing. Levels of $interleukin-l{\beta}$, 2, 4, 6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF and blood serum sample were quantified by ELISA. In active sites, P. intermedia was significantly increased to compare with inactive site. $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF were increased in active sites and IL-2 in serum was increased in active patients significantly. Alveolar bone loss in active site was correlated with $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2 in GCF. And loss of attachment in active site was correlated with IL-2 in GCF. These results demonstrate that IL-2 in serum, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF, P, intermedia might be used as possible predictors of disease activity in refractory periodontitis before it is clinically expressed as attachment loss and quantitative alveolar bone change.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2008

The geometric design of an implant surface may play an important role in affecting early osseointegration. It is well known that the porous surfaced implant had much benefits for the osseointegration and the early stability of implant. However, the porous surfaced implant had weakness from the transgingival contamitants, and it resulted in alveolar bone loss. The other problem identified with porous surface implant is the loss of physical properties resulting from the bead sintering process. In this study, we developed the new bead coating implant to overcome the disadvantages of porous surfaced implant. Ti-6Al-4V beads were supplied from STARMET (USA). The beads were prepared by a plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) and had a nearly spherical shape with a diameter of 75-150 ${\mu}m$. Two types of titanium implants were supplied by KJ Meditech (Korea). One is an external hexa system (External type) and the other is an internal system with threads (Internal type). The implants were pasted with beads using polyvinylalcohol solution as a binder, and then sintered at 1250 $^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in vacuum of $10^{-5}$ torr. The resulting porous structure was 400-500 ${\mu}m$ thick and consisted of three to four bead layers bonded to each other and the implant. The pore size was in the range of 50-150 ${\mu}m$ and the porosity was 30-40 % in volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of the newly developed dental implant. The experimental implants (n=16) were inserted in the unilateral femur of 4 mongrel dogs. All animals were killed at 8 weeks after implantation, and samples were harvested for hitological examination. All bead coated porous implants were successfully osseointegrated with peripheral bone. The average bone-implant contact ratios were 84.6 % (External type) and 81.5 % (Internal type). In the modified Goldner's trichrome staining, new generated mature bones were observed at the implant interface at 8 weeks after implantation. Although, further studies are required, we could conclude that the newly developed vacuum sintered Ti-6Al-4V bead coating implant was strong enough to resist the implant insertion force, and it was easily osseointegrated with peripheral bone.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2003

Recovery conditions and characteristics of a high molecular soluble protein from surimi processing wastewater in marine manufacture using calcium powder of cuttle bone treated with acetic acid (ATC) were examined. Judging from results of total-N, pH, COD, turbidity and yields, optimal treatment concentration of ATC for recovery of high molecular soluble proteins from wastewater was $1.0\%.$ The protein recovered from seafood waste (PRW) was macromolecule weight. The COD value in the wastewater treated with ATC was very high. The PRW had a $78.4\%$ in moisture, $1.0\%$ in crude lipid and $5.7\%$ in crude ash. The proximate composition, except the crude ash, of the PRW was similar to that of commercial surimi. The PRW showed white index and similar in the content and in the composition of total amino acid to those of commercial surimi. From the results of sensory evaluation on white index and texture, the heat-induced surimi gel prepared with $5\%$ subsititution of the PRW for bulking agent of commercial surimi was not significantly different compared to that prepared with the original commercial surimi.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2017

In this paper, a signal processing circuit for semi-implantable middle ear hearing device is designed using the TCBT which is recently proposed for a new middle ear transducer that can be implanted at round window of cochlea. The designed semi-implantable hearing device transmits digital sound signal from external device located at behind the ear to the internal device implanted under the skin using inductive coupling link methods with high efficiency. The coils and signal processing circuits are designed and implemented considering the total transmission and reception distance including skin thickness of temporal bone for the semi-implantable hearing device. And also, to improve the data transmission efficiency, the output circuits which can supply sufficient signal power is designed. In order to confirm operation of semi-implantable hearing device using inductive coupling link, the circuit analysis was performed using PSpice, and the performance was verified by implementing a signal processing board of an available size.