• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2015

As social network service(SNS) environments have been changed and increased, people perceive SNSs as a part of their daily lives. Therefore mutual communication activities based on the Internet and its influences are expanding continuously. This paper explored the difference between consumers' emotional well-being level and social capital formed through SNSs. Given that the reason of using SNS and its utilization can be different depending on consumers, this paper also examines generation differences. Hence, we examine how the forms of emotional well-being and social capital in SNSs can be different according to each generation. We conducted a survey targeting the consumers who have an experience of using online SNS and looked into the effects of emotional well-being and social capital among generations using eighty three valid samples. In this study, we find that there are differences on the effects of the sizes and the types of social capital formed through SNS, depending on the generations. In particular, the size of social capital from younger generation was larger compared to the older generation and bridging social capital, one of social capital types, was also bigger in the younger generation compared to the older generation. Although general emotional well-being was not differentiated among the generations, we could find a generation difference by showing that older generation's negative well-being, one of emotional well-being types, was more sensitive than younger generation. Based on such results, this paper proposes SNS utilization plan sub-divided by generations, suggesting management direction of online social networks.

• Carbon letters
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

Recently, the control of pore-characteristics of nano-porous materials has been studied extensively because of their unique applications, which includes size-selective separation, gas adsorption/storage, heterogeneous catalysis, etc. The most widely adopted techniques for controlling pore characteristics include the utilization of pillar effect by metal oxide and of templates such as zeolites. More recently, coordination polymers constructed by transition metal ions and bridging organic ligands have afforded new types of nano-porous materials, porous metal-organic framework(porous MOF), with high degree and uniformity of porosity. The pore characteristics of these porous MOFs can be designed by controlling the coordination number and geometry of selected metal, e.g transition metal and rare-earth metal, and the size, rigidity, and coordination site of ligand. The synthesis of porous MOF by the assembly of metal ions with di-, tri-, and poly-topic N-bound organic linkers such as 4,4'-bipyridine(BPY) or multidentate linkers such as carboxylates, which allow for the formation of more rigid frameworks due to their ability to aggregate metal ions into M-O-C cluster, have been reported. Other porous MOF from co-ligand system or the ligand with both C-O and C-N type linkage can afford to control the shape and size of pores. Furthermore, for the rigidity and thermal stability of porous MOF, ring-type ligand such as porphyrin derivatives and ligands with ability of secondary bonding such as hydrogen and ionic bonding have been studied.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the compositional fitness and independence of the original six dimensions and the newly-designed six dimensions of Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital[SC-IQ], and to explore the more simplified version for convenient use in public health-related social capital studies. Methods: This study reanalyzed social capital items included in a 2004 community health survey of K-city conducted by Hallym Health Services Research Center. Data was collected from 1,000 adults using core questions of SC-IQ. Explanatory factor analyses to all questions were done, and the new six dimensions were established. Confirmatory factor analyses[CFA] were done on the original and new six dimensions. And then reliability and validity test were done. SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0 were used. Results: The final CFA module to the new SC-IQ exhibited Root Mean Square Error of Approximation[RMSEA] 0.028 and only compositional fitness and independence, and was composed of four dimensions and eight questions, and covers all elements of social capital including structural, cognitive, operational, outcome, bonding and bridging elements. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of a new, simplified version of SC-IQ as well as its convenience.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.111-130
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and compare social capital measurement tools for the convenient use in public health studies. Method and result: This study examined and compared social capital tools developed individually by the World Bank, the OECD, the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and Korea. A comprehensive framework was constructed with six conceptual dimensions and sixteen indices. The six dimensions included Membership, Network, Trust, Information and communication, Social and civic participation, and Social cohesion and exclusion, which connoted the structural, cognitive, bonding, bridging, operative, and output elements. The indices of each tool were respectively matched to the indices of the comprehensive framework. The comprehensive tools were Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital (SC-IQ) of the World Bank with 27 questions and the European Social Survey (ESS) of the OECD with 80 questions. Conclusion: The SC-IQ should be utilized in public health studies due to its simplicity yet comprehensiveness as a social capital tool. The ESS should also be considered as a comprehensive tool.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.3255-3260
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• 2011

Two novel binuclear metal-organic coordination complexes $[Cd_2(L)_2(bpy)_2(H_2O)_2]{\cdot}6H_2O$ (1), $[Cd_2(L)_2(phen)_2-(H_2O)_2]{\cdot}2H_2O$ (2) (where L = 2-methylquinoline-3,4-dicarboxylate dianion, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal Xray diffraction, spectral method (IR), elemental analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Both 1 and 2 consist of two Cd(II) atoms bridged by two monoatomic bridging carboxylate groups from two L ligands, and the second carboxylate group of each L is monodentately coordinated to Cd(II), creating a sevenmembered chelating ring. The coordination at each metal nucleus is completed by a water molecule and a chelating bidentate molecule. The 3D structures of the complexes are stabilized by ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking interactions and hydrogen-bonds.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1231-1239
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• 1994

In this study, gel powder which had relatively high hydration reactivity in CaO and P2O5 rich composition of CaO-P2O5-SiO2-H2O system was prepared by sol-gel process and its hydrated specimen was manufactured. The it was investigated to appropriate calcination temperature in sol-gel process which hydrated specimen of gel powder have proven to strength and the effect of factors influenced strength in hydration process. The major product of before and after hydration reaction was hydroxyapatite, and crystalline phase of C-S-H was already formed during gelation process. After hydration reaction of pressed specimen, crystalline phase of C-S-P-H was formed. It was hydrated product of silicocarnotite (5CaO.P2O5.SiO2). Gel phases of C-S-H and C-S-P-H occured as a result of partial substitution of amorphous silica by P2O5 was formed. The strength of hydrated hardened body is developed by strong bonding and bridging between the gel phases of C-S-H or C-S-P-H and the crystalline products such as hydroxyapatite, Ca(OH)2 C-S-H and C-S-P-H. In addition, the ultrafine gel powder have an great effect on increase of hydration reaction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.3244-3248
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• 2014

Two ethylenediamine cobalt(II) oxalate complexes Co(ox)(en), 1 and $Co(ox)(en){\cdot}2H_2O$, 2 have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectrum, TG analysis, and magnetic measurements. In 1, Co atoms are coordinated by two bis-bidentate oxalate ions in transconfiguration to form Co(ox) chains, which are further bridged by ethylenediamine molecules to produce 2D grid layers, Co(ox)(en). In 2, Co atoms are coordinated by bridging oxalate ions in cis-configuration to form Co(ox) chains, and the additional chelation of ethylenediamine to Co atoms completes 1D zigzag chain, Co(en)(ox). Two lattice water molecules stabilize the chains through hydrogen bonding. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that both complexes exhibit weak antiferromagnetic coupling between cobalt(II) ions with the susceptibility maxima at 23 K for 1 and 20 K for 2, respectively. In 1 and 2, the oxalate ligands afford a much shorter and more effective pathway for the magnetic interaction between cobalt ions compared to the ethylenediamine ligands, so the magnetic behaviors of both complexes could be well described with 1D infinite magnetic chain model.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-109
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• 2017

Cross-culturally, acts of sharing are recognized as an effective method to initiate and maintain human relationships in real-life situations by promoting continuous reciprocal exchanges between donors and recipients. Specifically, this study examines the effects of sharing a media product from the perspective of the givers, as compared to effects on the receivers. "Gangnam Style," a Korean music video, is of interest because it was spontaneously shared worldwide by young adults who used it as a vehicle to build and strengthen social relationships, among young adults. While both the givers and receivers of the "Gangnam Style" benefited from bridging new relationships, the results of this study found that those who gave "Gangnam Style" benefited more in terms bonding already existing relationships, compared to those who received materials. This study provides further evidence in support of the "sender-effect" paradigm and enhances our understanding of how online sharing contributes to the construction of social capital among the young adults.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2019

The aluminum (Al)/copper oxide (CuO) complex is known as the most promising material for thermite reactions, releasing a high heat and pressure through ignition or thermal heating. To improve the reaction rate and wettability for handling safety, nanosized primary particles are applied on Al/CuO composite for energetic materials in explosives or propellants. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) is adopted for the Al/CuO composites as the functional supporting materials, preventing a phase-separation between solvent and composites, leading to a significantly enhanced reactivity. The characterizations of Al/CuO decorated on GO(Al/CuO/GO) are performed through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping analysis. Moreover, the functional bridging between Al/CuO and GO is suggested by identifying the chemical bonding with GO in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The reactivity of Al/CuO/GO composites is evaluated by comparing the maximum pressure and rate of the pressure increase of Al/CuO and Al/CuO/GO. The composites with a specific concentration of GO (10 wt%) demonstrate a well-dispersed mixture in hexane solution without phase separation.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.135-155
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• 2018

Purpose Recently, with the enhancement of mobile technologies, people have formed various relationships and spreaded networks on social network service(SNS). In addition, although people make a decision based on the thoughts and emotions about self, there is little empirical research on social relations and self-construal of users in social network game (SNG). Design/methodology/approach This study was designed to examine the structural relationships among SNG users' social capital, self-construal, behavioral adaptation, SNG reuse intention and charged item purchasing intention. Findings The results from this study are as follow. First of all, the bonding social capital did not have a significant impact on behavioral adaptation to SNG, but bridging social capital had a positive impact on behavioral adaptation. Second, independent self-construal did not have a significant impact on behavioral adaptation to SNG, but interdependent self-construal had a positive impact on behavioral adaptation. Lastly, the behavioral adaptation to SNG had a positive impact reuse intention and charged item purchasing intention. Also, SNG reuse intention had a positive impact on charged item purchasing intention.