• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bond order

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Analysis, Detection and Prediction of some of the Structural Motifs in Proteins

  • Guruprasad, Kunchur
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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    • 2005.09a
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    • pp.325-330
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    • 2005
  • We are generally interested in the analysis, detection and prediction of structural motifs in proteins, in order to infer compatibility of amino acid sequence to structure in proteins of known three-dimensional structure available in the Protein Data Bank. In this context, we are analyzing some of the well-characterized structural motifs in proteins. We have analyzed simple structural motifs, such as, ${\beta}$-turns and ${\gamma}$-turns by evaluating the statistically significant type-dependent amino acid positional preferences in enlarged representative protein datasets and revised the amino acid preferences. In doing so, we identified a number of ‘unexpected’ isolated ${\beta}$-turns with a proline amino acid residue at the (i+2) position. We extended our study to the identification of multiple turns, continuous turns and to peptides that correspond to the combinations of individual ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$-turns in proteins and examined the hydrogen-bond interactions likely to stabilize these peptides. This led us to develop a database of structural motifs in proteins (DSMP) that would primarily allow us to make queries based on the various fields in the database for some well-characterized structural motifs, such as, helices, ${\beta}$-strands, turns, ${\beta}$-hairpins, ${\beta}$-${\alpha}$-${\beta}$, ${\psi}$-loops, ${\beta}$-sheets, disulphide bridges. We have recently implemented this information for all entries in the current PDB in a relational database called ODSMP using Oracle9i that is easy to update and maintain and added few additional structural motifs. We have also developed another relational database corresponding to amino acid sequences and their associated secondary structure for representative proteins in the PDB called PSSARD. This database allows flexible queries to be made on the compatibility of amino acid sequences in the PDB to ‘user-defined’ super-secondary structure conformation and vice-versa. Currently, we have extended this database to include nearly 23,000 protein crystal structures available in the PDB. Further, we have analyzed the ‘structural plasticity’ associated with the ${\beta}$-propeller structural motif We have developed a method to automatically detect ${\beta}$-propellers from the PDB codes. We evaluated the accuracy and consistency of predicting ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$-turns in proteins using the residue-coupled model. I will discuss results of our work and describe databases and software applications that have been developed.

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Infulence of Spacer and Degree of Esterification on Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Properties of Amyloses Bearing Cholesteryl Group (스페이서와 에스터화도가 콜레스테릴 그룹을 지닌 아밀로오스들의 열방성 액정 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong, Seung-Yong;Ma, Yung-Dae
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.356-367
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    • 2007
  • Three kinds of amylose derivatives such as: cholesteryloxycarbonated amyloses(CAMs) with degree of esterification(DE) ranging from 1.8 to 3, (6-cholesteryloxycarbonyl)pentanoated amyloses(PAMs) with DE ranging from 0.3 to 3, and fully cholesteryloxycarbonated PAMs(CPAMs) were synthesized, and their thermotropic liquid crystalline properties were investigated. CAMs with $DE{\geq}2.6$, PAM with DE=1.6 and all the CPAMs formed enantiotropic cholesteric phases, whereas PAM with $DE{\geq}2.2$ exhibited monotropic cholesteric phases. PAM with $DE{\geq}2.2$ and CPAMs with (6-cholesteryloxycarbonyl)pentanoyl DE (DS) more than 1.0 formed cholesteric phases with left-handed helical structures whose optical pitches (${\lambda}_{m'}s$) decrease with increasing temperature. However, the ${\lambda}_{m'}s$ of these samples decreased with increasing DS at the same temperature. On the other hand, CAMs, PAM with DE=1.6, and CPAM with DS=0.3 did not display reflection colors over the full cholesteric range, suggesting that the helicoidal twisting power of the cholesteryl group highly depends on the length of the spacer joining the cholesteryl group to the main chain and DS. The thermal stability and degree of order in the mesophase observed for the amylose derivatives highly depended on DE or DS. The results were discussed in terms of the difference ul the hydrogen bond, the internal plasticization, and the decoupling of the motion of side group with the main chain.

A Study on the Payment Mechanism of Independent Guarantee -focusing on matters that the relevant parties involved should know- (청구보증상 지급메커니즘에 따른 실무상 유의점)

  • Oh, Won-Suk;Kim, Pil-Joon;Lee, Woon-Chang
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.46
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    • pp.133-158
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    • 2010
  • Independent guarantee is a creation of the need from the both sides, i.e. the applicant (principal debtor) and the beneficiary (creditor). The former used to have to deposit cash in favor of the beneficiary in case of his default, which laid a burden on his liquidity while the latter still wanted to have the equivalent to cash. Independent guarantee satisfied the both parties by freeing the applicant of a deposit and maintaining the beneficiary's right at the same time. The fact that independent guarantee has three payment mechanisms is not widely known to the public. They are (i) payment on first demand, (ii) payment upon submission of third-party documents, (iii) payment upon submission of an arbitral or court decision. From the applicant's point of view, the order in his favor is (iii), followed by (ii) and (i). As there shouldn't be a case where one party is at a disadvantage against the other, useful insight is being sought for the benefit of the applicant. First, the applicant can offer his intention to provide a payment mechanism (ii) or (iii) rather than (i) if he must deliver it. Second, if the beneficiary still wants to have (i) and the applicant is in a position not to reject it, the latter should thoroughly check any provisions that may work against him later. Third, the applicant could use counterbalancing provisions in underlying contract to cope with protective clauses in the guarantees. Forth, the applicant should review the beneficiary's sincerity to prevent unfair calling risks. The applicant may use an ECA(Export Credit Agency) in his country to which he can transfer not only unfair calling risks, but also political risks. On the other hand, a bank needs to keep the following advice in mind. The foremost important thing for the bank not to forget is that it provides a guarantee as a service provider, not as a responsible party for the feasibility of the project, etc. Credit risk of the applicant should require the greatest attention when issuing a guarantee: the bank should look into the possibility that it can procure immediate reimbursement from its customers after payment to the beneficiary. Second, the applicant's ability to complete the project should be reviewed by checking its track records, techniques and reputation, etc. Third, the bank may also use an ECA to cover the beneficiary's unfair calling risks as well as political risks. In the case of Korea, as Korea Export Insurance Corporation(KEIC) can cover all the risks mentioned above, the bank could use its service called 'Export Bond Insurance.' What's better for the bank is that ECA cover can enhance the bank's asset quality by putting it zero on its risk weighted asset.

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Mn K-Edge XAS Analyses of $Zn_{2-x}Mn_xSiO_4$ Phosphors ($Zn_{2-x}Mn_xSiO_4$ 형광체의 망간 K 흡수단 엑스선 흡수 분광 분석)

  • Choi, Yong Gyu;Lim, Dong Sung;Kim, Kyong Hon;Sohn, Kee Sun;Park, Hee Dong
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.636-643
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    • 1999
  • Green-emission intensity of a $Zn_{2-x}Mn_xSiO_4$ phosphor, which is a potential candidate as a green component in PDP device, significantly increases provided that the compound is additionally heat treated at 900$^{\circ}C$ after solid state reaction at 1300$^{\circ}C$. In order to verify origin of such an intensity enhancement after the additional heat treatment in association with the electronic and local structural change at around Mn ions, the Mn K-edge X-ray absorption spectra were recorded. From the analyses of the preedge peak corresponding to $1s{\rightarrow}3d$ bound state transition and XANES spectrum, it is known that most Mn ions are in +2 oxidation state and substitute Zn ion site regardless of the thermal treatment. In addition, EXAFS analyses revealed that Mn ions formed $MnO_4$ tetrahedra with the Mn-O bond length shortened by 0.01${\AA}$ and with reduced Debye-Waller factor in the thermally treated sample.

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A study on context of children's library and user behavior modeling (어린이 도서관 CONTEXT 분석 및 사용자 행태정보 모델링 아동의 가구 사용방법(Way of Seat)과 아동-부모의 상호작용방법을 중심으로)

  • Song, So-Ra;Pan, Young-Hwan;Jeong, Ji-Hong
    • Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2008
  • The major users of children's library are children and housewives. Recent increasing frequency of their visit to the library expands the function of it from the place where they borrow and read books further to the cultural space where each family unit can enjoy leisure activities. Though the children's library basically is a quiet place for reading books, peers' establishing friendship and emotional bond with the parents, and such plays as small scale muscular movements take place in addition to reading activities because the major users are infants under six or children in the lower grades in elementary school. Thus, in order to study the features and requirements that are inherent in the various behaviors of the children who use furniture, understanding of the particular factors in the physical environment of the children's library and the user context must precede. In reality, though the fixed form of the desks and chairs in the library was made by a small number of designers, a large number of children are using them in tremendously various ways beyond the ways that the designers had intended, adapting themselves to the environmental context. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the children's using way of seats when they do reading and playing activities based on the way of interaction between children and parents, and, after modeling of the children's behavior data, to understand the demands inherent inside the various behaviors of children who use furniture.

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How Can Marketers Overcome Consumer Resistance to Innovations? - The Investigation of Psychological and Social Origins of Consumer Resistance to Innovations - (마케팅관리자들이 어떻게 혁신에 대한 소비자저항을 극복할 수 있는가? - 혁신에 대한 소비자의 개인적 사회적 저항의 근원 탐색 -)

  • Bagozzi, Richard P.;Lee, Kyu-Hyun
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.211-231
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    • 2005
  • It is important for marketers to understand both individual resistance and group resistance in order to successfully bring innovations into global markets. We suggest that consumers resist innovations as individuals and as members of a group and that they do this in different ways at different stages of decision-making. The individual resistance begins with forms of initial resistance, develops into emergent resistance and mature or belated resistance at the individual level. In addition, personal moral standards can influence decision making in relation to the adoption of innovations. Individual resistance is sometimes accompanied by or evolves into group resistance. We introduce a framework for thinking about consumer resistance to innovations that sees it as a consequence of social identity, which has functions for the individual, the group to which one belongs, and other individuals and groups. Consumers with membership in a certain group try to increase their self-esteem through the process of social comparison. The more consumers strongly identify with and bond with a certain group, the more in-group solidarity and out-group hostility will occur. Out-group hostility gives group members strong resistance toward products and services related to the out-group. Individual resistance and group resistance are threats to marketers and dampen performance. By considering the existence of resistance to innovations and seeking strategies to overcome it, marketers can transform these threat into new opportunities. A better understanding of consumer resistance can complement research on the adoption of innovations and help in the development of a universal model of consumer behavior.

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A Dog Park Planning Model for Promoting Animal Welfare Culture in Regional Community, Korea (지역사회의 동물복지문화 증진을 위한 도그파크 계획 모형)

  • Lim Soo-Hee;Lee Gwan-Gyu;Yang Byoung-E;Park Jong-Hwa;Sin Nam-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.33 no.4 s.111
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    • pp.129-142
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    • 2005
  • Korea's pet-related society has been fast growing without the base and preparations of socio-cultural animal welfare. For the most part, Korea's current public parks, in particular, have a space structure in which a lot of friction between the general public who are not fond of dogs and dog owners in public places has been happening unavoidably. A lot of countries that are taking a lead role in animal welfare have built dog parte that the general public and dogs can enjoy together. This research starts with the realization that the concept of 'dog park' needs to be introduced in Korea as more and more Koreans own dogs and other pets. This research aims to provide guidance for dog park planning by drawing a dog park planning model and to promote basics for co-existence of dogs and people in a park and set in place animal welfare early and raise the level of awareness. Total 7 types of dog put 56 planning items including dog zone, dog playground, and agility, and a selective matrix by which it is possible to select essential recommendatory optional items by each type of dog park were drawn in this research. Overall there were the highest needs in separated area for dogs in park. A dog park planning model is designed as follows. 1) To select a dog park type that was introduced. 2) To set up facilities applicable in common and planning items desired in advance by each type. 3) To zone dog park areas by the priority order of planning items that were introduced and to position necessary facilities. 4) To plan program that should be were introduced. A dog park was expected to take some positive roles such as providing opportunities to socialize dogs, activating social communities, more effective park management by participating local community members and so on.

Molecular Theory of Plastic Deformation (I). Theory (소성변형의 분자론 (제1보). 이론)

  • Kim Chang Hong;Ree Taikyue
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.330-338
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    • 1977
  • In order to elucidate the plastic deformation of solids, the following assumptions were made: (1) the plastic deformation of solids is classified into two main types, the one which is caused by dislocation movement and the other caused by grain boundary movement, each movement being restricted on a different shear surface, (2) the dislocation movement is expressed by a mechanical model of a parallel connection of various kinds of Maxwell dislocation flow units whereas the grain boundary movement is also expressed by a parallel connection of various kinds of Maxwell grain boundary flow units; the parallel connection in each type of movements indicates that all the flow units on each shear surface flow with the same shear rate, (3) the latter model for grain boundary movement is connected in series to the former for dislocation movement, this means physically that the applied stress distributes homogeneously in the flow system while the total strain rate distributes heterogeneously on the two types of shear planes (dislocation or grain boundary shear plane), (4) the movement of dislocation flow units and grain boundary units becomes possible when the atoms or molecules near the obstacles, which hinder the movement of flow units, diffuse away from the obstacles.Using the above assumptions in conjunction with the theory of rate processes, generalized equations of shear stress and shear rate for plastic deformation were derived. In this paper, four cases important in practice were considered.ted N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bond and the second of two normal N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bonds, both of which exist between the amino group and the perchlorate, groups. A p-phenylenediamine group is approximately planar within an experimental error and bonded to twelve perchlorates: ten perchlorates forming hydrogen bonds and two being contacted with the van der Waals forces. A perchlorate group is surrounded by six p-phenylenediamines and four perchlorates; among the six p-phenylenediamines, five of them are hydrogen-bonded, and the rest contacted with the van der Waals force.

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Thermal Decomposition of A New Insecticide KH-502 [O, O-Diethyl O-(1-phenyl -3-trifluoromethy-5-pyrazoyl) thiophosphoric acid ester] (신규(新規) 살충제(殺蟲劑)인 O, O, O-Diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyrazoyl) thiophosphoric acid ester의 열(熱)에 의한 분해성(分解性))

  • Cho, Boo-Yeon;Han, Dae-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.225-234
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    • 1992
  • Thermal decomposition was conducted to investigate the influence of the various factors on stability of a new insecticide, [O, O-Diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyrazoyl) thiophosphoric acid ester : KH-502], in view of those informations applicable for industrial exploitation. In the thermal decomposition experiment, KH-502 was, after mixing with Fe, Cu and adjustment of moisture and pH conditions, subjected to three temperatures, 25, 50, and $100^{\circ}C$. Results for stability, and degradation pattern of KH-502 from the above experiment can be summarized as follows: 1. Main products of the thermal decomposition when this was conducted in the closed system were identified as following five compounds:O, O, O-Triethylthiophosphoric acid(TEPA), 1-Phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-ethoxypyrazole(PTMEP), 1-Phenyl-2-ethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-hydroxypyrazole(PETMHP), O, O-Diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyrazoyl)phosphoric acid ester(KH-502 oxo form), O, S-Diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyrazoyl)phospho rothiolate(S-ethyl KH-502). However, compounds such as oxo form and S-ethyl KH-502 were not identified when the thermal decomposition was proceeded in the open system. 2. KH-502 was stable at 25 and 50$^{\circ}C$, but it was decomposed at 100$^{\circ}C$ following the first-order kinetics at the early stages of decomposition. 3. Rate constants for the thermal decomposition of KH-502 at 100$^{\circ}C$ were in the orders of Cu powder addition 0.344>Cu plate addition 0.21>moisture addition 0.05>closed system=open system=iron addition=pH 5.5 adjustment 0.04>pH 8.5 adjustment 0.027 day$^{-1}$, representing KH-502 was decomposed fast at Cu powder treatment and slow at pH 8.5 adjustment. 4. Half-life for the thermal decomposition of KH-502 at 100$^{\circ}C$ was in the orders of Cu powder addition 2.02

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Development and Validation Study of the Korean Version of Working Relationship Scale (한국형 실천관계 척도 정신장애인 용 개발 연구)

  • Kwon, Jayoung
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.65 no.3
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    • pp.239-263
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    • 2013
  • This research was carried out in order to develop and validate the Korean Version of Working Relationship Scale for Mentally Disabled Persons, which measures the working relationship between a mentally disabled person and his or her case manager. The first step taken to develop this scale was to construct sample items for the Working Relationship Scale using literature research and three focus group interviews of mentally disabled persons who use local mental health services. Secondly, mentally disabled people were surveyed with these sample items and two professors from the department of social work who specialize in mental health social work and two licensed mental health social workers working in the community mental health field reviewed these sample items to select and compile a final version of the scale. Lastly, the scale's reliability and validity was verified through an empirical study of 569 mentally disabled persons who surveyed the final selection of items. An explanatory factor analysis showed that the sample items can be grouped into three factors. Factor 1 is 'Professional Contribution Factor,' which is related to the professional practice of the case manager; Factor 2 is 'Negative Working Relationship Factor'; and Factor 3 is 'Emotional Bond Factor,' which measures the intimacy between the case manager and the mentally disabled person. A confirmatory analysis of the three-factor format that was discovered in the explanatory factor analysis was carried out with the rest of the randomly divided data, which showed that the model demonstrated a goodness-of-fit. The convergence validity between similar concepts appeared to be appropriate as well. Based on these results, the Korean Version of Working Relationship Scale for Mentally Disabled Persons consisting of a final 33 items is developed and proposed and its implications in social work are discussed.

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