• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2022

Background: Widespread pain partially depends upon sensitization of central pain mechanisms. However, mechanisms controlling pain distribution are not completely known. The present study sought to assess skin temperature variations in the area of experimentally-induced pain and potential sex differences. Methods: Pressure-pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured on the right infraspinatus muscle. At the end of Day 0, all participants performed an eccentric exercise of the shoulder external rotators to induce muscle soreness 24 hours after. On Day 1, participants indicated on a body chart the area of pain induced by 60 seconds of suprathreshold pressure stimulation (STPS; PPT + 20%) on the right infraspinatus muscle. Skin temperature variations in the area of referred pain were recorded with an infrared thermography camera, immediately before and after the STPS. Results: Twenty healthy, pain-free individuals (10 females) participated. On Day 0, the pre-STPS temperature was higher than the post-STPS temperature on the arm (P = 0.001) and forearm (P = 0.003). On Day 1, the pre-STPS temperature was higher than the post-STPS temperature on the shoulder (P = 0.015), arm (P = 0.001), and forearm (P = 0.010). On Day 0, the temperature decrease after STPS in females was greater than in males on the forearm (P = 0.039). On Day 1, a greater temperature decrease was found amongst females compared with males at the shoulder (P = 0.018), arm (P = 0.046), and forearm (P = 0.005). Conclusions: These findings indicate that sympathetic vasomotor responses contribute to expand pressure-induced referred pain, especially among females.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2021

Additively manufactured (AM) Ti-6Al-4V alloys exhibit a dominant acicular martensite phase (α'), which is characterized by an unstable energy state and highly localized corrosion susceptibility. Electrochemical critical localized corrosion temperature (E-CLCT, ISO 22910: 2020) and electrochemical critical localized corrosion potential (E-CLCP, ISO AWI 4631: 2021) were measured to analyze the localized corrosion resistance of the AM Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Although E-CLCP was measured under mild corrosive conditions such as human body, the validity of evaluating localized corrosion resistance of AM titanium alloys was demonstrated by comparison with E-CLCT. However, the mechanisms of resistance to localized corrosion on the as-received and heat-treated AM Ti-6Al-4V alloys under E-CLCT and E-CLCP differ at various temperatures because of differences in properties under localized corrosion and repassivation. The E-CLCT is mainly measured for initiation of localized corrosion on the AM titanium alloys based on temperature, whereas the E-CLCP yields repassivation potential of re-generated passive films of AM titanium alloys after breaking down.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

코로나바이러스감염증-19와 같은 호흡기 감염병은 주로 밀집/밀폐/밀접 공간인 실내에서 일어난다. 호흡기 감염병 이상징후의 존재 여부는 발열, 기침, 재채기 및 호흡곤란 등의 초기 증상을 통해 판단되고 있으며, 이러한 초기 증상에 대한 상시 모니터링이 요구된다. 열화상 온도 스크리닝 시스템은 개인의 피부 온도 상승의 징후가 있는지 초기에 선별하는 빠르고 쉬운 비접촉 스크리닝 방법을 제공하지만, 측정 타겟, 주변 온도 등의 측정 환경과 피 측정대상과의 측정 거리에 따른 오차로 인해 정확한 온도측정이 어렵다. 그리고 국제표준 IEC 80601-2-59 에서는 내안각(Inner Canthus) 인접한 영역에 대한 안면 열화상 촬영을 권고하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 가시광 카메라 모듈과 열화상 카메라 모듈에 대해서 이미지 일치화 보정을 수행하였으며, 흑체(Blackbody)를 이용해 측정 환경에 대한 열화상 카메라 모듈 온도를 보정하였다. 표준에서 권고하는 측정 타겟을 인식하기 위해 딥러닝 기반 객체 인식 알고리즘과 내안각 인식 모델을 개발하였으며, 100명의 실험자군에 대한 데이터셋을 적용하여 인식 모델 정확도를 도출하였다. 또한 라이다 모듈을 이용한 객체 거리 측정과 선형회귀 보정 모듈을 통해 측정 거리에 따른 오차를 보정하였다. 제안한 모델의 성능 측정을 위해 모터 스테이지, 열화상 온도 스크리닝 시스템, 흑체로 구성된 실험환경을 구축하였으며, 1m에서 3.5m 사이 가변 거리에 따른 온도측정 결과 0.28℃ 이내의 오차 정확도를 확인하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2012

수면 중에 부정기적으로 발생하는 인체 이상유형을 모니터링하기 위한 블랙박스 프로그램을 구현하였다. 인체 블랙박스 시스템은 생체 신호를 계측하는 센서와 알람, 전등, 네트워크 카메라와 같은 보조 장치 및 신호를 모니터링 하는 컴퓨터로 구성되어 있다. 신체 이상 증상의 원인을 정확하게 규명하기 위하여 PPG, EOG, EEG, 호흡센서, 온도센서, G-센서 및 마이크로폰과 같은 다양한 센서를 이용하였다. 이상 증상이 발생하면 시스템은 치료에 활용할 수 있는 정보를 제공하기 위해서 환자의 상태를 기록한다. 신체 이상유형을 감지하게 위하여 적절한 센서 위치를 선정한다. 측정 데이터의 유형별 정상 범위에 근거하여, 신체 이상유형을 구별하기 위한 신호 수준을 선정하였다. 이상 신호가 계측되면 전등 및 알람, 네트워크 카메라가 동시에 작동하고, 센서 신호 및 비디오 데이터가 저장된다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.473-491
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• 2018

This study identifies Japanese study content on heat stroke prevention measures using clothes, provides basic data for quantitative wearing assessment studies, presents a developmental direction for those, and helps invigorate further research. Studies were collected concerning clothing-based heat stroke measures in order to analyze the following factors: current status of heat stroke by industry and working environment, heat stroke and body cooling method, clothing microclimate and air circulation in a hot environment, hot environments and wearable sensors, and heat stress reduction and skin exposure. The current WBGT standard does not consider the diversity of wearing clothes according to the working environment. Therefore, it is preferable to add a correction value in consideration of design, materials, and ventilation to prevent heat strokes. For the heat stroke and body cooling method, wearing water-perfused clothing is effective to reduce heat stress and maintain exercise ability. Changing the material and design of clothing or wearing air-conditioned clothing can improve ventilation and the clothing microclimate. However, further evaluation is needed on the effectiveness of air-conditioned clothing as a heat stroke prevention product. The measurement method using a wearable sensor can provide real-time data on the body response due to working in a hot environment. Therefore, it is an effective alarm for heat stroke. Skin exposure area and heat dissipation efficiency should be considered to prevent heat stroke. Reducing the covering area by exposing the head, neck, and limbs, and wearing breathable material can prevent heat stroke from increased body temperature.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.2079-2086
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• 2011

최근 헬스케어 응용 시스템 중의 하나인 자가 진단 시스템 기술의 연구가 활발하게 이루어져 왔다. 이와 함께 본 연구논문은 PC, RFID, 생체신호측정기와 연동된 자가 혈당측정 시스템 및 사용자가 이해하기 쉬운 인터페이스를 구현하는데 있다. 따라서 PC, RFID, 그리고 생체신호측정 센서와 연동되어 손쉽게 자가진단 데이터를 확보할 수 있도록 디바이스와 PC사이의 통신을 위한 손쉬운 인터페이스 구성과 RFID 태그 및 리더기 통신 상태를 분석, 테스트를 수행했다. 즉, 자가 혈당측정 데이터에 대한 통신 프로토콜 수행(프로토콜 정의에 따른 리퀘스트 및 리스폰스 데이터 분석)으로 연월일, 체온 및 혈당수치, 그리고 혈당체크 시점 등 신뢰성 높은 결과가 출력되었음을 나타내었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2011

Arteria radialis is a branch of the brachial artery extending down the forearm around the wrist where it closes to skin surface. In the oriental medicine, the skin above arteria radialis has an important role because oriental medicine practitioners put their finger tips on the area, and diagnose patient's health conditions by feeling the pulsation of the arterial contraction. The finger tip diagnostic method relies on subjective decision of the practitioner; and there is a need to develop an objective diagnostic modality. The pulsation of the arterial contraction appears not only a movement on the site but also as temperature fluctuation due to pulsatile feeding of warmer blood. The goal of this study is to demonstrate a feasibility of using an infrared camera quantitatively to detect the temperature fluctuation on the skin. Clinical important three different areas, called chon, gwan, chuk, near a wrist where the arteria radialis reaches close to skin surface are marked with small pieces of surgical tape. A high-speed and high-resolution infrared camera with a 3 cm of field of view measures these areas for 10 second at 200 frames per second with a 320*240 pixel size. The pulsatile temperature fluctuation is calculated after passing a band pass filter to remove any stationary temperature over 10 second. The temperature fluctuation of a healthy male volunteer is measured at a room temperature as a control, and is compared with another measurement performed after 20 minutes staying in a room at a 40 degree Celsius. This comparison is repeated for three times, and indicates that the fluctuation increases after staying 20 minutes in the warm room. This increase becomes smaller when the person stays in the warm room with an acupuncture treatment that decreases body temperature. So that an objective diagnostics on the site may become feasible.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2022

대퇴의족은 절단하지를 대체하여 보행을 수행하는 기기이며, 불연속적으로 변하는 보행 환경에 대응하기 위해 사용자의 의도 제공을 통한 보행 모드 변경을 요구한다. 외부의 제어 기기 없는 자연스러운 보행 모드 변경을 위한 요구로 절단 부위와 직접 접촉하는 소켓 내부의 생체 역학적 특징을 통해 사용자의 의도를 검출하는 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 하지만 아직까지 절단 부위의 신체 및 소켓 내부 환경에 적합한 센서 시스템의 요구가 남아있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 절단 부위의 신체 특성에 적합하고 소켓 내부 온습도 조건에 영향을 받지 않으며 다양한 크기의 제작이 쉬운 필름 형태의 센서 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 센서는 Velostat 필름으로 제작되었으며 크기에 따라 달라지는 압력 계측 특성이 고려되었다. 실험을 통해 착용자의 의도적인 자세 수행에 의한 소켓 내부 압력 변화를 계측하였으며 보행 모드 변경 의도 검출의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2019

The diffusion of the drug component of the inflammatory patch into the living tissue was analyzed by laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS). Calcium element, which is a diffusion catalyst of the drug in the inflammatory analgesic patch, is transferred into the body through the diffusion process of the substance. The test pieces used in the experiment are pig skin tissues which are similar to human skin. As a result, the diffusion coefficient D of the calcium element was found to be average $8.24{\times}10^{-2}({\mu}m^2/s)$. Experimental results showed that the most influential factors on the diffusion of materials were temperature variables.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.36-39
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• 2000

A small electrical potential difference which appears on any solid body when subjected to illumination by a modulated light beam generated by laser is called photocharge voltage(PCV)[1,2]. This voltage is proportional to the induced change in the surface electrical charge and is capacitatively measured on various materials such as conductors, semiconductors, ceramics, dielectrics and biological objects. The amplitude of the detected signal depends on the type of material under investigation, and on the surface properties of the sample. In photocharge voltage spectroscopy measurements[3], the sample is illuminated by both a steady state monochromatic bias light and the pulsed laser. The monochromatic light is used to created a variation in the steady state population of trap levels in the surface and space charge region of semiconductor samples which does result in a change in the measured voltage. Using this technique the spatial variation of PCV can be utilized to evalulate the surface conditions of the sample and the variation of the PCV due to the monochromatic bias light are utilized to charactrize the surface states. A qualitative analysis of the proposed measuremen is present along with experimental results performed on amorphous silicon samples. The deposition temperature was varied in order to obtain samples with different structural, optical and electronic properties and measurements are related to the defect density in amorphous thin film.