• Title/Summary/Keyword: Body growth

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Obesity prevalence in children and adolescence by newly developed 2007 Korean National Growth Chart (2007년 제정된 표준 성장도표에 의한 소아 및 청소년 비만 유병율)

  • Shin, Hye-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.61-65
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    • 2009
  • AIMS: Korean National Growth Chart was newly developed at 2007. Prevalence of obesity is expected to be changed according to reference data. This study was performed to compare the prevalence of obesity based on the newly developed growth curve with that of previous data. We also investigate the incidence of obesity, overweight, and normal criteria by two kinds of growth curves. Method: We obtained weight, height from 438 middle school students and 1786 high school students. We divided enrolled students into four groups (middle school boys, middle school girls, high school boys, high school girls). The obese, over weight group was defined as BMI(body mass index) more than 95th, 85th${\sim}$94th percentile respectively for age and sex. Obesity by relative weight was defined more than 20% of ideal body weight. We compare the prevalence of obesity in each group by the newly developed Korean National Growth Chart in 2007 and that in 1998. Result: Prevalence of obesity by BMI based on 2007 Korean National Growth Chart and that in 1998 were 8.2-12.9% and 9.0-20.4% respectively. The concordance rate were 99.0%-100% in obese group and 45.0%-91.9% in overweight group according to two kinds of reference data. Prevalence of obesity by relative weight was 11.7-23.0% that was same between 2007 Korean National Growth Chart and that in 1998 except middle school boys group. Conclusion: We found that there is a decrease in prevalence of Obesity by BMI based on 2007 Korean National Growth Chart. It is necessary to evaluate correlation between criteria for obesity and obesity related comorbid conditions for finding proper BMI or relative weight cut off value to prevent obesity and obesity related complications effectively.

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Far Eastern Catfish Silurus asotus

  • Kim, Kyoung-Duck;Lim, Sang-Gu;Kang, Yong-Jin;Kim, Kang-Woong;Son, Maeng-Hyun
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.369-374
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    • 2012
  • A $3{\times}2$ factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth and body composition of juvenile far eastern catfish. Six diets were formulated to contain three levels of protein (20%, 30% and 40%) and two levels of lipid (9% and 17%). Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 7.6 g) were hand-fed to apparent satiation for 66 days. Final mean weight was improved with increasing dietary protein and lipid levels, and the highest final mean weight was observed in fish fed the 40/17 (% protein/% lipid) diet. No significant difference was observed in final mean weight for fish fed between 30/17 diet and 40/9 diet. Feed efficiency of fish fed the diets containing over 30% protein levels with 9% and 17% lipid levels were significantly higher than those of fish fed the 20% protein levels. Feed efficiency of fish fed the 30/17 diet was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 40/9 diet or 40/17 diet. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 20% protein diets with 17% lipid level were significantly higher than those of fish fed 9% lipid diet. Daily feed intake of fish tended to decrease with increasing dietary protein and lipid levels. Moisture content of whole body in fish fed the 9% lipid diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the 17% lipid diets at the same protein level, but the opposite trends were found for crude lipid content. Significant effects of dietary lipid were observed for most fatty acids, according to their relative values in the diets. The results of this study suggest that the protein requirement for maximum growth of juvenile far eastern catfish may be higher than 40%, and an increase of dietary lipid level from 9% to 17% can improve growth and feed utilization.

Effect of Dietary Microalgae, Diatom-Dominant, Oil Extracts on Growth, Body Composition and Shell Color of Juvenile Abalone Haliotis discus (배합사료내 규조류 우점인 미세조류 오일 추출물 첨가가 까막전복(Haliotis discus)의 성장, 체조성 및 패각 색채에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hee Sung;Lee, Ki Wook;Jeong, Hae Seung;Kim, June;Yun, Ahyeong;Cho, Sung Hwoan;Lee, Gye-An;Kim, Keun-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.50 no.6
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    • pp.738-744
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    • 2017
  • Effect of dietary inclusion of microalgae, diatom-dominant, oil extracts (MOE) on growth, body composition and shell color of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus was investigated. One thousand four hundred and seventy juvenile abalone were distributed into 21 plastic rectangular containers. Seven experimental diets were prepared: MOE0, MOE0.01, MOE0.05, MOE0.1, MOE0.5, MOE1 and MOE2 diets containing MOE at the concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2% at the expense of mixture of squid liver and soybean oils, respectively. The experimental diets were fed to abalone in triplicate once a day with a little leftover for 16 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate of abalone fed the MOE1 and MOE2 diets were higher than those of abalone fed the all other diets. The shell length and soft body weight of abalone fed the MOE2 diet were longer and heavier than those of abalone fed the all other diets. Crude protein and ash content of the soft body of abalone were affected by dietary inclusion of MOE. The shell color of abalone fed the all experimental diets was different from that of wild abalone. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of MOE improved growth of abalone, but did not shell color of abalone.

Effect of Light Intensity on Growth, Caudal Fin Shape, Body Composition and Skin Color of River Puffer, Takifugu obscurus (황복 Takifugu obscurus의 성장, 꼬리지느러미 형태, 체조성과 체색에 미치는 조도의 영향)

  • Kang, Hee Woong;Kang, Duk Young;Jo, Ki Chae;Lee, Jin Ho;Park, Kwang Jae;Lim, Chi Won;Kim, Gyu Hee
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.185-192
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    • 2007
  • The present experiment was carried out to study the effects of light intensity on growth, survival, caudal fin shape, body composition, skin color and blood component of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus. Four light intensities (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 lx) were tested in duplicates for 60 days. Specific growth rate (SGR), daily feeding rate (FR) and food coefficient (FC) were reduced following to the decrease of light intensity. However in survival rate there was not significantly different among groups. The damage extent of caudal fin was increased in more strong light intensity. In body composition, moisture and crude protein were only significantly difference according to light intensity. In body color, L and a were the highest in 0 lx. In blood analysis, the content of AST, ALT, GLU significantly increased in more powerful the intensity groups. It is concluded that the supplement of low light intensity (e.g. 0 lx) recommended for the commercial scale aquaculture of river puffer in land-based tank without growth and survival retardation.

Age and Growth of Small Yellow Croaker, Larimichthys polyactis in the South Sea of Korea (한국 남해 참조기의 연령과 성장)

  • Kim, Yeong Hye;Lee, Sun Kil;Lee, Jae Bong;Lee, Dong Woo;Kim, Young Seop
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2006
  • Age and growth of the small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis were estimated using right sagittal otoliths of 506 fish specimens from March to December, 2002 and from January to February, 2005 in the South Sea, part of the East China Sea of Korea. Examination of outer margins of the otolith showed that the opaque zone was formed once a year. Marginal increment of the otolith formed annual rings from May and June at the beginning of spawning season. In the relationship between total length and body weight, a multiplicative error structure was assumed because variability in growth increased as a function of the length, and the estimated equation was $BW=0.0044TL^{3.2502}$ ($R^2=0.97$). The relative growth as body weight at total length has significant difference between females and males (P<0.05). For describing growth of the small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis a von Bertalanffy growth model was adopted. The von Bertalanffy growth curve had an additive error structure and the growth parameters estimated from non-linear regression were $L_{\infty}=33.88cm$, K=0.20/year and $t_0=-2.39year$. Growth at age of males and females shows no significant difference (P>0.05). Most examined fish were 1, 2 and 3 years old, although the oldest fish were 7 old for males and 8 for females.

A Study on Growth Pattern in a New Synthetic Korean Native Commercial Chicken by Sex and Strains (신품종 토종닭의 계통과 성별에 따른 성장 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kigon, Kim;Eun Sik, Choi;See Hwan, Sohn
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.229-237
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    • 2022
  • This study investigated the growth characteristics of four strains of newly developed synthetic Korean native commercial chickens (KNCs). We investigated a suitable growth curve model in KNCs and estimated the number of days to reach a 2 kg market weight. Body weight was measured at 2-week intervals from birth to 12 weeks of age. The growth curves were estimated using von Berteralanffy, Gompertz, and logistic functions. The results showed that males were significantly heavier than females at all ages, but there were no significant differences in body weight between strains, except at birth and 2 and 6 weeks of age. The coefficients of determination and adjusted determination of growth function had high goodness-of-fit (97.4~99.7). Of the growth curve parameters, the mature weight and growth ratio were higher in males than in females, but the maturity rate was similar in males and females. The inflection point occurred at approximately 7 weeks of age for females and 8 to 9 weeks of age for males. The weights estimated from the growth curve functions almost agreed with the actual weights, except for male weights estimated using the von Bertalanffy function. The coefficients of determination of the regression equations for weight to age were 0.9583 to 0.9746. The 8- and 10-week-old body weights estimated using the regression equation, and the 12-week-old weight estimated using the logistic function were most similar to the actual weight. Using these models, the estimated age of KNCs to reach 2 kg was 62.0~64.6 days for males and 74.9~78.6 days for females.

Macronutrient Consumption Pattern in Relation to Regional Body Fat Distribution in Korean Adolescents (강화지역 청소년의 열량영양소 섭취유형과 지방조직의 체내분포와의 관련성)

  • 김영옥;최윤선
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.157-165
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to identify the determinants of regional body fat distribution of obesity(upper body obesity and lower body obesity) for adolescents. The macronutrient consumption pattern utilized the most important variables to test for potential determinants. A total of 726 adolescents living in rural areas in Korea had been observed for four years from 1992 to 1996 about their diet, sexual maturation, serum components and physical growth. The study design was similar to that of a case control study. Logistic regression analysis were used as an analytical method to identify the determinants of upper body obesity and lower body obesity. Odd ratios were estimated from the regression to identify the determinants of upper body obesity and lower body obesity. Odd ratios were estimated from the regression to identify the risk factors. Fat consumption pattern was the most frequent one among the three macronutrient consumption pattern of carbohydrate, fat and protein. Prevalence of obesity for the subjects was 9.5%. Prevalence of upper body obesity was higher in malestudents than in female students. On the other had, prevalence of lower body obesity was higher in females. The results of the logicstic regression analysis showed that the risk factor for upper body obesity was sexual maturity rather than dietary factors. None of the factors included in the analysis for lower body obesity appear to be the risk factor. The result may suggest that to develop a determinant model for obesity of adolescents, the model should include a wider range of variables other than diet, sexual maturity and changes in blood serum.

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Biotechnologies for Improving Animal Metabolism and Growth - A Review

  • Chen, Daiwen
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.12
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    • pp.1794-1802
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    • 2001
  • Biotechnology will play critical role in improving animal productivity. Animal growth rate and muscle deposition potential can be greatly improved by the application of biotechnology and biotechnological products. Administration of recombinant somatotropin (ST) or other compounds such as IGF-1 and growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) can enhance growth rate and carcass lean percentage. Gene transfer offers a powerful approach to manipulate endocrine system and metabolic pathways toward faster growth and better feed efficiency. Biotechnology is also extensively used for improving metabolism and activity of gut microorganisms for better nutrient digestibility. Knockout of growth-inhibiting genes such as myostatin results in considerable acceleration of body weight and muscle growth. Animal growth can also be improved by the use of gene therapy. Immunomodulation is another approach for efficient growth through controlling the activity of endogenous anabolic hormones. All the above aspects will be discussed in this review.

Somatotype Characteristics of Elementary School Girls (Part I) -Focusing somatotype changing charcteristics on each grade group- (학령기 여아의 체형 특성(제1보) -학령기별 체형 변이 특성을 중심으로-)

  • 장정아;권영숙
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.941-952
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    • 1999
  • The purposes of this study were to provide the fundamental data on elementary school girls' somatotype for their clothing construction by contemplating the stage of physical growth dividing into the period of school age and characterizing the variation of body type according to the school age. The results are as follows : 1. Form the results of one-way variables analysis and multiple comparson test(Duncan's test) classification of the period school age can be divided into 'early grade(1 2 grade)' ' middle grade(3 4 grade)' and 'later grade(5 6 grade)' 2. As the results of analyzing Mean Coefficient of Variation and Standard Deviation graph for direct and indirect measurments and index especially of the Coefficient Variation that explain individual difference of growth the items of height indicates individual difference related with height of lower body of early grade group the items of length individual difference related with length of upper body of later grade group and the items of circumference make little difference. The items of anagle makes pretty higher value that direct measurements and especially in lower angle of chest make a distinctive difference, This fact proves that children's somatotype change from the belly part extruded forwards of early and middle grade to the upper body part slanted slightly forward of later grade.

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Effect of Fruiting Body of Cordyceps Militaris on Growth, Lipid and Protein Metabolism, and Enzyme Activities in Male Rats (동충하초 자실체가 흰쥐가 성장률, 지질과 단백질 대사 및 효소활성에 미치는 영향)

  • 고진복
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.34 no.7
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    • pp.741-747
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    • 2001
  • The effects of fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris on the growth, the food intake, the food efficiency ratio, the lipid metabolism, the serum protein level ad enzyme activity in male rats were studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed four types of diets for five weeks, respectiely: a control diet, a control diet supplemented with 2%, 3% or 4% fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris(CF) powder. In rats fed 2% or 3% CF diets the body weight gain, the food intake, the concentratons of hepatic triglyceride and serum LDL-cholesterol, the atherogenic index, and the total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in serum were similar to those in rats fed the control diet. Whereas, in 4% CF diet these were significantly decrased. But the all CF diets feeding could not decrease the food efficiency ratio, the weights of liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney and heart, and the concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol. Also, it was shown that the concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine, and the GOT, GPT, LDH, ${\gamma}$-GTP and ALP activities were the same levels in serum of rats of fed all the experimental diets.

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