DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Dietary Microalgae, Diatom-Dominant, Oil Extracts on Growth, Body Composition and Shell Color of Juvenile Abalone Haliotis discus

배합사료내 규조류 우점인 미세조류 오일 추출물 첨가가 까막전복(Haliotis discus)의 성장, 체조성 및 패각 색채에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Hee Sung (Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Lee, Ki Wook (Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Jeong, Hae Seung (Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Kim, June (Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Yun, Ahyeong (Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Cho, Sung Hwoan (Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Lee, Gye-An (NLP Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Keun-Yong (AquaGenTech)
  • 김희성 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술전문대학원) ;
  • 이기욱 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술전문대학원) ;
  • 정해승 (한국해양대학교 해양생명과학부) ;
  • 김준 (한국해양대학교 해양생명과학부) ;
  • 윤아영 (한국해양대학교 해양생명과학부) ;
  • 조성환 (한국해양대학교 해양생명과학부) ;
  • 이계안 ((주)엔엘피) ;
  • 김근용 (아쿠아진텍)
  • Received : 2017.10.31
  • Accepted : 2017.11.21
  • Published : 2017.12.31

Abstract

Effect of dietary inclusion of microalgae, diatom-dominant, oil extracts (MOE) on growth, body composition and shell color of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus was investigated. One thousand four hundred and seventy juvenile abalone were distributed into 21 plastic rectangular containers. Seven experimental diets were prepared: MOE0, MOE0.01, MOE0.05, MOE0.1, MOE0.5, MOE1 and MOE2 diets containing MOE at the concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2% at the expense of mixture of squid liver and soybean oils, respectively. The experimental diets were fed to abalone in triplicate once a day with a little leftover for 16 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate of abalone fed the MOE1 and MOE2 diets were higher than those of abalone fed the all other diets. The shell length and soft body weight of abalone fed the MOE2 diet were longer and heavier than those of abalone fed the all other diets. Crude protein and ash content of the soft body of abalone were affected by dietary inclusion of MOE. The shell color of abalone fed the all experimental diets was different from that of wild abalone. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of MOE improved growth of abalone, but did not shell color of abalone.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 1990. Official Methods of Analysis (15th edn). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, U.S.A.
  2. Bautista-Teruel MN, Fermin AC and Koshio SS. 2003. Diet development and evaluation for juvenile abalone, Haliotis asinina: animal and plant protein sources. Aquaculture 219, 645-653. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00410-6.
  3. Bligh EG and Dyer WJ. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem and Physiol 37, 911-917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o59-099.
  4. Britz PJ. 1996. The suitability of selected protein sources for inclusion in formulated diets for the South African abalone, Haliotis midae. Aquaculture 140, 63-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01197-8.
  5. Britz PJ, T. Hecht T, Knauer and Dixon MG. 1994. The development of an artificial feed for abalone farming. S Afr J Sci 90, 7-8.
  6. Brown MR, Jeffrey SW, Volkman JK and Dunstan GA. 1997. Nutritional properties of microalgae for mariculture. Aquaculture 151, 351-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01501-3.
  7. Brown MR. 2002. Nutritional value of microalgae for aquaculture. In: Cruz-Suarez LE, Ricque-Marie D, Tapia-Salazar M, Gaxiola-Cortes MG, Simoes N (eds) Advances en nutricion acuicola VI. Memorias del VI symposium Internacional de Nutricion Acuicola. 3-6th September, Cancun, Mexico.
  8. Cho S H. 2010. Effect of fishmeal substitution with various animal and/or plant protein sources in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Aquacult Res 41, e587-e593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02561.x.
  9. Cho SH, Park J, Kim C, Yoo J, Lee S and Choi C. 2006. Effect of the various sources of dietary additives on growth, body composition and shell color of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. J Aquaculture 19, 275-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5902.
  10. Cho SH, Park J, Kim C and Yoo J. 2008. Effect of casein substitution with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Aquacult Nut 14, 61-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00505.x.
  11. Christaki E, Bonos E, Giannenas I and Florou-Paneri P. 2013. Functional properties of carotenoids originating from algae. J Sci Food Agric 93, 5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5902.
  12. Dang VT, Li Y, Speck P and Benkendorff K. 2011. Effects of micro and macroalgal diet supplementations on growth and immunity of greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata. Aquaculture 320, 91-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.08.009.
  13. Duncan DB. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11, 1-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  14. Duong DN, Qin JG, Harris JO, Hoang TH, Bansemer MS, Currie K, Phan-Thien K, Dowell A and Stone, DAJ. 2016. Effects of dietary grape seed extract, green tea extract, peanut extract and vitamin C supplementation on metabolism and survival of greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata Donovan) cultured at high temperature. Aquaculture 464, 364-373. http://dx.doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.07.011.
  15. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2017. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy.
  16. Fernandez-Reiriz MJ, Labarta U, Albentosa M and Perez-Camacho A. 1999. Lipid profile and growth of the clam spat, Ruditapes decussatus (L), fed with microalgal diets and cornstarch. Comp Biochem Physiol B 124, 309-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-491(99)00129-7.
  17. Fu J, Zhang W, Mai K, Feng X, Xu W, Liufu Z and Tan B. 2006. Effects of dietary vitamin A on antioxidant response of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Acta Oceanol Sin 25, 141-150.
  18. Garcia-Esquivel Z and Felbeck H. 2009. Comparative performance of juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, reared in laboratory with fresh kelp and balanced diets. Aquacult Nutr 15, 209-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00585.x.
  19. Gomez-Montes L, Garcia-Esquivel Z, D'Abramo LR, Shimada A, Vasquez- Pelaez C and Viana MT. 2003. Effect of dietary protein: energy ratio on intake, growth and metabolism of juvenile green abalone Haliotis fulgens. Aquaculture 220, 769-780. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00533-1.
  20. Jang B, Kim PY, Kim HS, Lee KW, Kim HJ, Choi DG, Cho SH, Min B, Kim K and Han H. 2017. Substitution effect of sea tangle (ST) (Laminaria japonica) with tunic of sea squirt (SS) (Halocynthia roretzi) in diet on growth and carcass composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846). Aquacult Nutr (in press). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12593.
  21. Ju ZY, Viljoen C, Hutchinson P, Reinicke J, Horgen FD, Howard L and Lee C. 2016. Effects of diets on the growth performance and shell pigmentation of Pacific abalone. Aquacult Res 47, 4004-4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.12851.
  22. Jung W, Kim HS, Lee KW, Kim YE, Choi DK, Jang B, Cho SH, Choi CY,Kim B and Joo Y. 2016. Growth and body composition effects of tuna byproduct meal substituted for fish meal in the diet of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus. J World Aquacult Soc 47, 74-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12255.
  23. Kim YE, Myung SH, Kim HS, Jung W, Cho SH, Jwa MS, Kim PY, Park M and Kim B. 2015. Effect of dietary substitution of sea tangle (ST), Laminaria japonica with rice bran (RB) on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus). Aquacult Res 47, 1202-1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.12577.
  24. Knauer J, and Southgate PC. 1997. Growth and fatty acid composition of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) spat fed a spray-dried freshwater microalga (Spongiococcum excentricum) and microencapsulated lipids. Aquaculture 154, 293-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00056-2.
  25. Lam MK and Lee KT. 2012. Microalgae biofuels: a critical review of issues, problems and the way forward. Biotechnol Adv 30, 673-690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.008.
  26. Lee SM and Park HG. 1998. Evaluation of dietary lipid sources for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J Aquaculture 11, 381-390.
  27. Lee SM, Yun SJ and Hur SB. 1998. Evaluation of dietary protein sources for abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J Aquaculture 11, 19-29.
  28. Lee J., Yoo C, Jun S, Ahn C and Oh H. 2010. Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from microalgae. Bioresour Technol 101, S75-S77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.058.
  29. Lee KW, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Choi DG, Jang BI, Cho SH, Min B, Kim K and Joo Y. 2017. Effects of dietary carbohydrate sources on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus, Reeve). J Shellfish Res 36, 151-156. https://dx.doi.org/10.2983/036.036/0115.
  30. Li Y, Horsman M, Wu N, Lan CQ and Dubois-Calero N. 2008. Biofuels from microalgae. Biotechnol Prog 24, 815-820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp.070371k.
  31. Lim T and Lee SM. 2003. Effect of dietary pigment sources on the growth and shell color of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J Aquaculture 36, 601-605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2003.36.6.601.
  32. Mai K, Mercer JP and Donlon J. 1995a. Comparative studies on the nutrition of species of abalone, Haliotis tuberculata L. and Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Responses of abalone to various levels of dietary lipid. Aquaculture 134, 65-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)00043-2.
  33. Mai K, Mercer JP and Donlon J. 1995b. Comparative studies on the nutrition of two species of abalone, Haliotis tuberculata L. and Haliotis discus hannai Ino. IV. Optimum dietary protein level for growth. Aquaculture 136, 165-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01041-6.
  34. Mai K, Mercer JP and Donlon J. 1996. Comparative studies on the nutrition of two species of abalone, Haliotis tuberculata L. and Haliotis discus hannai Ino. V. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids of macroalgae in abalone nutrition. Aquaculture 139, 77-89. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01158-7.
  35. Moazami N, Ashori A, Ranjbar R, Tangestani M, Eghtesadi R and Nejad AS. 2012. Large-scale biodiesel production using microalgae biomass of Nannochloropsis. Biomass Bioenergy 39, 449-453. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.046.
  36. Myung SH, Jung W, Kim HS, Kim YE, Cho SH, Jwa MS, Kim PY, Kim MK, Park M and Kim B. 2016. Effects of dietary substitution of fishmeal with the combined dry microalgae, Nannochloropsis oceanica (NO) biomass residue and casein on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus). Aquacult Res 47, 341-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.12562.
  37. Shipton TA and Britz PJ. 2001. The partial and total replacement of fishmeal with selected plant protein sources in diets for the South African abalone, Haliotis midae L. J Shellfish Res 20, 637-645.
  38. Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E and Isambert A. 2006. Commercial applications of microalgae. J Biosci Bioeng 101, 87-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1263/jbb.101.87.
  39. Tan B and Mai K. 2001. Effects of dietary vitamin K on survival, growth, and tissue concentrations of phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4) for juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 256, 229-239. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00316-6.
  40. Thongrod S, Tamtin M, Chairat C and Boonyaratpalin M. 2003. Lipid to carbohydrate ratio in donkey's ear abalone (Haliotis asinine, Linne) diets. Aquaculture 225, 165-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00287-4.
  41. Uki N, Kemuyama A and Watanabe T. 1986a. Optimum protein level in diets for abalone. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 51, 1825-1833. http://dx.doi.org/suisan.51.1005.
  42. Uki N, Sugiura M and Watanabe T. 1986b. Requirement of essential fatty acids in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 51, 1835-1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.
  43. Viana MT, Lopez LM and Salas A. 1993. Diet development for juvenile abalone Haliotis fulgens evaluation of two artificial diets and macroalgae. Aquaculture 117, 149-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90131-H.
  44. Xu H, Miao X and Wu Q. 2006. High quality biodiesel production from a microalga Chlorella protothecoides by heterotrophic growth in fermenters. J Biotechnol 126, 499-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.05.002.
  45. Zhang W, Mai K, Xu W, Tan B, Ai Q, Liufu Z, Ma H and Wang X. 2007. Interaction between vitamins A and D on growth and metabolic responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai, Ino. J Shellfish Res 26 51-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2007)26[51:IBVAAD]2.0.CO;2.
  46. Zhou Q, Mai K, Tan B and Xu W. 2001. The effects of dietary vitamin E on growth, survival and carcass composition of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). Oceanol et Limnol Sin 32, 125-131.