• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

We designed a 16-week feeding experiment to test the effects of dietary supplementation with distillers' dried grain (DDG) on the growth, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile muddy loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0% DDG (Control); 10%, 20%, and 30 % DDG from rice (diets RM10, RM20 and RM30); and 10%, 20%, and 30% DDG from rice and wheat flour (diets RWM10, RWM20 and RWM30), respectively. Three replicate groups of juvenile muddy loach averaging $1.5{\pm}0.10$ g were fed one of the diets to satiation twice daily. Survival of juvenile muddy loach fed the RWM20 and RWM30 diets was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), while weight gain tended to decrease when fish were fed diets containing DDG. Weight gain of fish fed the RWM10 diet was greater than that of fish fed other diets, but the RM30 diet resulted in less weight gain than did the control (P<0.05). The feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed the RM10, RM20, RM30, RWM10, RWM20 and RWM30 diets were all similar to the control (P>0.05). Neither daily feed intake nor proximate composition of the whole body was affected by dietary DDG (P>0.05). The compositions of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine, and valine were all elevated in fish fed the RM30, RWM10, RWM20 and RWM30 diets relative to those of other groups (P<0.05). In contrast, methionine + cystine and phenylalanine + tyrosine were all lower in fish fed the RM30, RWM10, RWM20 and RWM30 diets, as compared to those of other groups (P<0.05). Our results suggest that DDG is suitable as a partial replacement for soybean meal and wheat flour, and could be used at a rate of up to 20% for rice, or 30% for rice and wheat flour, for optimum growth performance of juvenile muddy loach.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1604-1610
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Hankins and Howe (HH46), Valadares Filho (V06), and Marcondes (M12) equations for predicting the physical and chemical composition of dairy crossbred bulls carcasses, as well as the chemical composition of their empty bodies. Methods: This study was conducted using 30 dairy crossbred bulls. One group of five animals was slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment, and the remaining were slaughtered 112 days later. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized design into treatments consisting different levels of concentrate (0%, 17%, 34%, 51%, and 68%). The physical and chemical compositions of the cattle were obtained from the right half of the carcass and using samples taken between the 9th and 11th ribs of the left half of the carcass. The estimated and experimentally determined values were compared using the correlation and concordance coefficient, as well as the mean square error of prediction (MSEP) and its components. Results: The HH46 equations were better at estimating the amount of muscle plus fat in the carcass. The amount of bone in the carcasses could not be well estimated by the HH46 and M12 models. The M12, HH46, and V06 equations were worst at estimating the amounts of protein, ether extract, and water in the carcass, respectively. In the empty body, the amounts of protein and water were well estimated by the HH46 equations. Protein, ether extract, and water were accurately estimated by the V06 equations, and ether extract by the M12 equations. Conclusion: The physical and chemical composition of dairy crossbred bull carcasses, as well as the chemical composition of their empty bodies, can be predicted using the equations tested here. The amount of bone in these carcasses could not be accurately predicted.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1598-1604
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• 2017

Objective: The present study investigated the litter performance of multiparous sows fed 3% and 6% densified diets at farrowing to weaning during summer with mean maximum room temperature of $30.5^{\circ}C$. Methods: A total of 60 crossbred multiparous sows were allotted to one of three treatments based on body weight according to a completely randomized design. Three different nutrient levels based on NRC were applied as standard diet (ST; metabolizable energy, 3,300 kcal/kg), high nutrient level 1 (HE1; ST+3% higher energy and 16.59% protein) and high nutrient level 2 (HE2; ST+6% higher energy and 17.04% protein). Results: There was no variation in the body weight change. However, backfat thickness change tended to reduce in HE1 in comparison to ST treatment. Dietary treatments had no effects on feed intake, daily energy intake and weaning-to-estrus interval in lactating sows. Litter size, litter weight at weaning and average daily gain of piglets were significantly greater in sows in HE1 compared with ST, however, no difference was observed between HE2 and ST. Increasing the nutrient levels had no effects on the blood urea nitrogen, glucose, triglyceride, and creatinine at post-farrowing and weaning time. The concentration of follicle stimulating hormone, cortisol and insulin were not affected by dietary treatments either in post-farrowing or weaning time. The concentration of blood luteinizing hormone of sows in ST treatment was numerically less than sows in HE2 treatment at weaning. Milk and colostrum compositions such as protein, fat and lactose were not affected by the treatments. Conclusion: An energy level of 3,400 kcal/kg (14.23 MJ/kg) with 166 g/kg crude protein is suggested as the optimal level of dietary nutrients for heat stressed lactating sows with significant beneficial effects on litter size.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2004

곰보버섯을 약용과 식용으로 이용하고자 일반성분, 무기질, 총아미노산, 유리 아미노산, 비타민 등을 분석 검토한 결과 조지방이 3.8 g%, 탄수화물이 43.5 g%, 조단백질이 29.7 g%이었다. 무기물은 K가 3558.0 mg%로 가장 많이 함유되어있고, Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, Zn의 순으로 함유되었다. 총 아미노산은 glutamic arid가 1,433 mg%로 가장 많이 함유되어있고, leucine, alanine, arginine, valine, threonine등의 순으로 23종의 아미노산을 함유하고 있으며 필수아미노산은 3510mgmg% 함유되어 있다. 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid가 522 $\mug%$로 가장 많이 함유되어 있고, asparaginine, arginine등의 순이며, 총 함유량은 2,397 $\mug%$이고, 25종을 함유하고 있기 때문에 곰보버섯의 맛에 영향을 미치리아 생각되어 진다. 비타민의 경우 vitamin A가 2.23$\mug%$, vitamin $B_1$은 0.13 mg%, vitamin $B_2$는 0.07 mg%, vitamin $B_6$는 0.27 mg%, vitamin C는 0.17 mg%, vitamin $D_311$는 52.27$\mug%$, vitamin E는 5.26 mg%, vitamin$K_1$, 은 3.23 $\mug%$정도 함유하고 있었다. 특히 vitamin C와 vitamin E가 함유되어 있어 노화방지에 좋으리라 생각된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2001

본 연구는 Pb중독이 rat의 생리현상에 미치는 영향을 구명 하고자 연속적 인 Pb acetate 투여가 사료와 물섭취량, 증체량, 혈액치 및 장기내 무기물 수준의 변동을 측정하였다. 1. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 사료섭취량은 정상대조군에 비해 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고 용량이 증가할수록 사료섭 취 량은 유의 한 감소를 나타냈다. 2. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 음수량은 정상대조군에 비해 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고 Pb 용량이 증가할수록 음수량은 감소하였다. 3. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 증체량은 정상대조군에 비해 약간 감소된 수준을 나타냈으나 Pb용량이 증가할수록 증체량은 점차 감소하였다. 4. Pb acetate 1,000, 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 혈액치중 RBC, WBC 및 PLT치는 정상대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 나타냈고, Hb량과 PCV치는 정상대조군에 비해 약간 감소를 나타냈다. 5. Pb acetate 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 간내 Pb, Mn, Fe, Pb 및 Zn의 잔류함량은 정상대조군에 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. Pb 2,000 및 4,000 ppm/kg을 rat에 투여했을 때 신장내 Pb, Mn, Fe, Pb, Zn의 함량은 정상대주군에 비해 증가를 나타냈다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2001

양적형질 유전자 좌위 (QTL)의 탐색과 이들의 발현 양상 규명을 위해 Berkshire종과 Yorkshire종 간의 교배를 통해 생산된 F$_2$ 실험집단에서 regression interval mapping이 이루어졌다. 모두 525마리의 F$_2$ 자손들에서 일당 증체량, 평균 등지방 두께, 배장근 단면적이 표현형으로 조사되어 분석에 이용되었으며 모돈의 번식능력에 관련된 QTL 존재 여부 추정을 위해 간접 형질로 인정되고 있는 생시체중과 이유 시 체중을 분석에 포함하였다. 양적형질의 분리 여부를 추론하기 위하여 돼지의 2번 염색체에서 8종의 microsatellite 표지인자가 선택되어 유전자형이 조사되었다. 각각의 유전적 모델에서 산출된 통계량으로부터 QTL 존재 여부와 특정 QTL 발현 양상에 대한 여부를 나타낼 수 있는 인정되는 수준의 type I 오차율을 제어할 수 있는 임계값 (threshold)을 permutation test에 의해 제시하였다. QTL의 존재와 그 QTL의 Imprinting 여부는 부계와 모계를 통해 원가계 1세대의 대립유전자가 전달되는 과정에서 발현되는 특성을 분리시키는 통계적 의형을 설정하여 검정 통계량을 산출하였다. 분석에 이용된 3가지 형질과 연관된 3종류의 QTL 존재 가능성을 돼지의 2번 염색체에서 확인하였으며, 이들 중 평균 등지방 두께와 배장근 단면적에 각각 영향을 미칠 것으로 추론된 2종류의 QTL 발현은 정상적인 Mendelian 유전양식을 따르지 않고 imprinting된다는 증거를 얻어냈다. 또한 이들 imprinting되는 QTL은 이미 imprinting 표현 양식을 가진다고 알려진 IGF II 유전자의 위치와 거의 동일한 염색체강의 지점에서 부계로 전달되는 QTL만이 발현되는 특징을 보이는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 Mendelian 모형과 imprinting 모형 모두에서 유의적인 임계값 이상을 보이는 검정 통계량이 산출된 일당 증체량 연관 QTL은 두 모형간의 적정성 분석을 위한 검정을 퐁해 Mendelian 양식을 따른 것으로 최종 확인되었다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.5-21
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical fitness status and health promoting life styles of the workers. For the purpose, 108 workers who attended the exercise program in Inchon branch of KISCO were selected as the subjects. From Oct. 20th to Nov. 30th, in 1998, they were firstly assessed their physical fitness. The items include cardio-respiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance, agility, power, balance, body composition, etc. Secondly, the health promoting life styles were asked by questionnaires about daily life and dietary habits. Both of them were evaluated by 5 or 3 levels as A(very good) to E(very poor) or A (good) to C(poor). Those data were analyzed percentile, mean, standard deviation by SAS program. Major findings are as follows ; 1. The health promoting life styles were generally good, but 43.5% of the subjects didn't exercise at all. Most of them(93.5%) thought about their physical fitness status as lower than average level. About half of them(48.1%) didn't drink alcohol, non smokers were 70.4% of them. But they had poor dietary habits(lower than average level : 79.6%), females were a little bit better than males. The aged group had the poor body compositions, 21.4% of females and 10.0% of males were obese. 2. Physical fitness status of the workers were assessed as two areas, one is health related, the other is physical function related area. In the health related area, females were better than males, in view of age, forties aged group had the highest scores of all items except cardio-respiratory endurance. Among 'A' and 'B' level, muscular endurance was showed most frequently, followed by muscular strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance. In physical function related status, balance was ranked highly in the portion of over 'B', followed by power, agility. In view of sex, males were better than females for all items except balance, and there were various figures in the status by age groups. 3. Comprehensive assessment scores were poor(under 'D' leves were most frequent), females were better than males, and teenage group had the worst scores. In ages of the physical fitness, generally they had 1 year under their real ages, and females were better than males. In view of age, forties aged group was ranked highly and teenagers had lowest scores.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2000

The purpose of this work is to develop a transurethral suppository containing prostaglandin $E_1\;(PGE_1)$, which stabilizes the drug, gives no irritation to physiological body and enhances the erectile response of $PGE_1.\;PGE_1$ transurethral suppositories were prepared with various amounts of compositions such as saturated polyglycolysed glyceride $(Suppocire^{\circledR}\;AP,\;SAP)$, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-50) and ethanol. The melting points, viscosities and $PGE_1$ release of the suppositories were investigated. Ocular irritation test was carried out after application of $PGE_1$ suppository to rabbit's eye. The intracavernous pressure (ICP), penile length and duration of erectile response were determined after transurethral administration of $PGE_1$ suppository and compared with those after intracavernosal injection of $PGE_1$ solution to cats. HCO-50 hardly affected the melting points and viscosities of $PGE_1$ suppositories. Additionally, $PGE_1$ transurethral suppositories, whose melting point ranges was $34-35^{\circ}C$, was speedily melted in physiological body. HCO-50 significantly decreased the dissolution rates of $PGE_1$ from the suppositories. Dissolution mechanism analysis showed the release of $PGE_1$ was proportional to the square root of time, indicating that $PGE_1$ might be released from the suppositories by Fickian diffusion. The release rate of $PGE_1$ from $PGE_1$ suppository [PGE1/SAP/HCO-50/ethanol (1/94.5/2.5/2%)] was about 80% within 2 h. This $PGE_1$ suppository gave no significant irritation to the ocular tissue, expecting that it gave no irritation to the urethral tissue less sensive than ocular tissue. Furthermore, $PGE_1$ in this suppository was stable at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2 years. This suppository increased the ICP and penile erection similar to those of injectable $PGE_1$ solution. However, it gave 2.5-fold increased duration of erectile response than injectable $PGE_1$ solution. Our results suggested that it gave more effective erectile response than injectable $PGE_1$ solution in cats. It is concluded that this $PGE_1$ suppository with good safety, excellent stability and enhanced erectile response, could be a more effective and convenient transurethal delivery system of $PGE_1$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1984

해바라기 화분립이 mouse의 간장에서 cholesterol 대사에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 조사하기 위해서 해바라기 화분립으로부터 추출한 지질을 column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography 및 gas-liquid chromatography를 이용해서 분석했다. 또한 mouse에 화분립을 투여하였을 때 간장에서의 cholesterol치에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 조사하였다. 1. 화분립의 지질은 neutral lipid 84.10%, glycolipid 10.50%, phospholipid 5.40%를 함유했다. 2. 중성지방질의 조성은 triglyceride가 71.20%로 가장 많고, sterol ester, diglyceride, monoglyceride, free fatty acid, sterol의 순이다. 3. neutral lipid, glycolipid, phospholip의 주요지방산은 linoleic acid 28.48${\sim}$33.70%, palmitic acid 12.90${\sim}$47.50%, oleic acid 11.20${\sim}$12.20% 이다. 그러나 phospholipid는 다른 지질보다 palmitic acid를 더 많이 함유하고 있다. 4. 해바라기 화분립 투여 mouse의 체중은 대조군 보다 현저하게 증가했다. 5. 화분립을 투여한 mouse의 간장지질대사가 대조군보다 활발함을 알 수 있었다. 6. 화분립 투여 mouse의 간 cholesterol치가 초기에는 증가했으나, 말기에는 대조군과 비슷한 수준으로 감소했다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 1983

무기질(無機質) 상호간(相互間)에 미치는 영향을 검토(檢討)코저 $CdCl_2$ 용액(溶液)을 음료수(飮料水)(0, 5, 10, 20, 40ppm)로하여 백서(白鼠)에게 4주간(週間) 투여(投與)하였을 때 혈액(血液), 경골(硬骨) 및 치아(齒牙) 중의 무기성분함량(無機成分含量)을 측정(測定) 고찰(考察)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Cd급여수준(給與水準)이 높아짐에 따라 현저한 체중감소(體重減少)와 낮은 사료효율(飼料效率)을 나타내었다. 2. 단위체중(單位體重) 당 장기중량(臟器重量)은 간장(肝臟)이 증가(增加)했는 반면에 다른 장기(臟器)들은 아무런 영향을 받지 않는다. 3. 혈청(血淸) 중의 Cd함량(含量)은 40ppm군(群)에서 현저하게 높았으나, Fe, Cu, Zn 및 Mg함량(含量)은 감소(減少)하였다. 4. 경골(硬骨) 중의 Cd함량(含量)과 P함량(含量)은 40ppm군(群)에서 많아졌으나, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca함량(含量) 및 회분함량(灰分含量)은 Cd급여수준(給與水準)을 높일수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 5. 치아(齒牙) 중의 Cd함량(含量)은 혈액(血液)과 경골(硬骨)에서 보다 훨씬 많았으며, Fe, Cu, Zn 및 P함량(含量)은 Cd급여수준(給與水準)을 높일수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었고, Mg함량(含量)과 회분함량(灰分含量)은 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다.