• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2005

Purpose: We evaluate the characteristics of vertebral body fractures in two level flexion-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine Methods: The findings of radiographs, computed tomographs, and MRIs of 43 patients with flexion-distraction injuries combined with vertebral body fractures were retrospectively evaluated. We divided the patients with bursting fractures into two groups, the distractive group (posterior vertebral height ratio >1) and the compressive group (vertebral height ratio <1). Results: There were 23 compression fractures and 20 bursting fractures. In bursting fractures, the distractive group had 5 cases, and the compressive group 15 cases. In 24 cases (55.8%), the interspinous distances were widened. The average of the canal encroachment was 4% in the distractive group and 40% in the compressive group. At last follow-up, the average loss of correction was 2.0 degree in compression fractures and 2.7 degree in bursting fractures. Conclusion: The configurations of vertebral body fractures in flexion-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine were varied as to the location of the axis of flexion. Because bursting fractures in flexion-distraction injuries had distractive or compressive features, one should consider that in establishing operative plan.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.178-187
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare dietary habits, weight control behaviors, eating disorder risk and depression among middle school girls who were at various stages of dieting. Methods: Subjects were 391 girls attending a middle school in Kyeonggido, Korea. All the information was gathered by self-administered questionnaires. Eating disorder risk and depression were assessed using EAT-26 and PHQ-9, respectively. Data were compared among 4 groups; no interest in a diet (N=112), had experienced dieting (N=86), on diet currently (N=71), and plan to diet (N=122). Results: A higher number of students currently on diet tended to be unsatisfied with their own weight (p < 0.01), overestimated their weight (p < 0.05), and weighed own body frequently (p < 0.001), compared to those with only experienced dieting in the past or those who plan to diet, despite similar weights and body mass index. The students who experienced dieting in the past or those who plan to diet appeared to have several undesirable as well as desirable dietary habits and their risk of eating disorder was significantly more prevalent compared to those without an interest in dieting (p < 0.01), although significantly less prevalent compared to those currently on a diet. Conclusions: We conclude that unnecessary dieting is common among middle school girls and providing proper education with regard to healthy weights is needed to enhance their physical as well as psychological wellbeing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1035-1038
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• 2007

Just as social welfare facilities and system are the barometers of a nation's quality & standard of living, the facilities of student's union building symbolizes level of welfare facilities and systems of a university. A university is a group of individuals searching for and studying the truth, so it is the highest of all education centers. At the same time, a university builds one's character. this infers that leisure activity in a university is a condition that facilitates the ability to create a healthy body and healthy soul. Additionally, active experiences for a human social life take people away from daily stresses and release the tensions of university studies. Therefore, a university campus should be built not only for students researching and studying, but also to aid in the growth of a students body, soul and mind. When creating a university master plan, increasing the number of students, promotion of a good educational environment and preparation of students for future development should be of primary consideration. There are several factors to aid this. The factors are; the academic plan, leisure activity, the belief system of university student and physical and environmental factors. The research presented here tells us the most important factor for developing the master plan of a student's union building

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.301-312
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• 2011

Firefighters and police officers have the third highest prevalence of obesity among 41 male occupational groups in the United States (US). However, few studies have examined the relationship of firefighter working conditions and health behaviors with obesity. This paper presents a theoretical framework describing the relationship between working conditions, health behaviors, and obesity in firefighters. In addition, the paper describes a detailed study plan for exploring the role of occupational and behavioral risk factors in the development of obesity in firefighters enrolled in the Orange County Fire Authority Wellness Fitness Program. The study plan will be described with emphasis on its methodological merits: adopting a participatory action research approach, developing a firefighter-specific work and health questionnaire, conducting both a cross-sectional epidemiological study using the questionnaire and a sub-study to assess the validity of the questionnaire with dietary intake and physical activity measures, and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the body mass index as an obesity measure in comparison to skinfold-based percent body fat. The study plan based on a theoretical framework can be an essential first step for establishing effective intervention programs for obesity among professional and voluntary firefighters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.62-74
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyse the process of development and verification of 'National Competency Standards' of Hanbok production, which was carried out in 2013 for the fashion industry. As the result of this research, the definition of the duty in Hanbok production is 'to conduct a series of step-by-step processes of planning and developing fabric and design, then making pattern, cutting fabric and sewing.' The competency unit for Hanbok production is analyzed in 10 categories: analysis of market trends, design plan, production and manipulation of fabric, production process plan, sample making, pattern making, cutting out, sewing, finishing sewing, inspection of the product quality. Competency unit elements of each competency unit are as follows. 1) analysis of market trends: to research market trend resources, to analyse consumers' buying trend, to analyse industry changes, 2) design plan: to develop design, to plan fabrication, to draw flats, 3) production and manipulation of fabric: to develop fabric planning, to prepare fabric manipulation, to conduct fabric manipulation, 4) production process plan: to grasp design, to plan sewing method, to prepare a specification sheet, 5) sample making: to make a sample pattern, to cut sample fabrics, to sew sample, to finish sample making, 6) pattern making: to measure body, to make production pattern, to adjust production pattern, 7) cutting out: to care fabrics, to lay out patterns, to cut out fabrics, 8) sewing: to sew a garment, to sew a lining, to attach a lining, 9) finishing sewing: to neaten edges, to attach trims, to press to finish, 10) inspection of the product quality: to confirm correspondence with the specification sheet, to inspect appearance.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.4
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• pp.343-363
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• 2001

Chapter 1 is the introduction part. With the development of modem science and technology, the world has experienced serious disaster. Each occurrence of such disaster has reminded the people all over the world of the importance of coping with the disaster and therefore all the countries have set up the disaster administration system to handle their disasters in efficient way. The principal purpose of this research is to establish ways and means needed to improve the disaster management system in Korea. Chapter 2 introduces the reader to a disaster management theory Chapter 3 dealt with the problems on the disaster administration system, under which the first and second section mention the points at issue in the system of law and administration of our country, respectively, Chapter 4 dealt with the plan to improve the disaster adminstration system under which the first section describes its basic direction while the second section describes the clarification of the role share of the central government and local autonomous body, beefing up the functions of disaster administration of the central government and local autonomous body. establishment of disaster prevention system, activation of support program against disaster, raising the professional personnels, extending the disaster prevention facilities, etc. Chapter 5, the conclusion, describes the difficulties in coping with the disaster under the existing disaster administration system. Therefore, the entire fundamental of disaster administration is in need such as distinct roles of the central government and local autonomous body, improving the systems of law and administration, education and training, and guidance and superintendence, etc. In addition, the control function of the concerned authorities must be reinforced to perform the disaster administration system smoothly while establishing 24 hour emergency system. Also, the financial support from the central government and technical study on the disaster administration should be done continuously on long-term basis.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.343-368
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• 2011

This Study aims to criticize national pension fund governance reform plan of Korea government and to search for an alternative direction of the reform. Firstly, I examine the theoretical basis of the Korean government reform plan by clarifying limits of application of agency theory to the public pension fund governance. Secondly, I try to reconstruct principles of the public pension fund governance with an alternative theoretical view emphasizing democracy principle. Thirdly, I evaluate the government reform plan with the basis of reconstructed pension fund governance principles. The government reform plan is expected to cause retrenchment of democracy and even political autonomy. It also would make worse the problem of pension fund autonomy from the financial market and the risk of the pension fund caused by market turbulence. Finally I suggest alternative direction of the pension fund governance reform emphasizing the democracy principle. This direction contains constructing co-determination structure of the state and the civil society, escalating controling power of the governing body to the administration body, setting the limits of the roles of the state, attaining of the autonomy from the financial market, strengthening organizational and social accountability.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

This study uses digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) files acquired after CT scan to obtain the absorbed dose distribution inside the body by using the patient's actual anatomical data; uses geometry and tracking (Geant)4 as a way to obtain the accurate absorbed dose distribution inside the body. This method is easier to establish the radioprotection plan through estimating the absorbed dose distribution inside the body compared to the evaluation of absorbed dose using thermo-luminescence dosimeter (TLD) with inferior reliability and accuracy because many variables act on result values with respect to the evaluation of the patient's absorbed dose distribution in diagnostic imaging and the evaluation of absorbed dose using phantom; can contribute to improving reliability accuracy and reproducibility; it makes significance in that it can implement the actual patient's absorbed dose distribution, not just mere estimation using mathematical phantom or humanoid phantom. When comparing the absorbed dose in polymethly methacrylate (PMMA) phantom measured in metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeter for verification of Geant4 and the result of Geant4 simulation, there was $0.46{\pm}4.69%$ ($15{\times}15cm^2$), and $-0.75{\pm}5.19%$ ($20{\times}20cm^2$) difference according to the depth. This study, through the simulation by means of Geant4, suggests a new way to calculate the actual dose of radiation exposure of patients through DICOM interface.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.474-480
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• 2009

These is a cases of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis occurred in the mandibular body to condyle of 48-year-old male patient. Extensive bone destruction was noted on the right mandibular body, angle, ascending ramus, mandibular notch and condylar region. We made a treatment plan that radicular mandibular resection from body to condyle and mandibular reconstruction with vascularized fibular flap at first time. But, we could observe marked bone regeneration with only mild curettage, local wound care and massive antibiotic therapy. So we preserved the anterior ramus portion of mandible. Defected mandibular condyle was reconstructed with costochondral graft. In this paper we present the case of a patient who has chronic osteomyelitis in mandibular area.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.9 no.6 s.37
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• pp.798-803
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• 2006

The suspension elements like primary coil spring, yaw damper, body to body damper are core parts of high speed railway bogie and the faults relating to these elements are reported recently. Thus, this study is started to analyze the displacements characteristics of suspension elements of high speed railway rolling-stock for the purpose of preventing the faults and developing the maintenance technology for suspension elements like spring and dampers. For this purpose, we made a plan to measure the displacements of the primary coil spring, yaw damper and body to body damper in actual running condition. We developed the measurement device to measure the longitudinal displacement and angular displacement of suspension elements and installed this device to test suspension elements. Test to measure displacements of suspension elements is conducted in service line of high speed railway. The displacement data which is acquired from the test with actual vehicles was analyzed for its maximum displacement depending on the track sections. As a result of analysis, we obtained the displacement trends occurring with the sections and valuable results like maximum values and the displacement distribution.