• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.353-365
• /
• 2016

Objectives : We analysed Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibility principle and investigated biological activities by categorizing with molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level based on Korean study for this formula. Methods : Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibiltity principle was examined by the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy. We looked into studies that presented in Korea from 1956 to 2016 about Gyejibongnyeong-hwan through Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean medicine information system (OASIS). Then classify into molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level to analyse. Results : According to the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, chief herb is Cinnamomi Ramulus, deputy herb is Persicae Semen, assistant herb is Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Poria, and envoy herb is Mel. Biological activities can be detected in transcription factors, enzymes, and inflammatory mediators for molecular level. For cellular level, it can be determined in human uterine endometrial cancer cell, human hepatocarcinoma cell, and human platelets. In mouse and rats for animal level, in overian cystoma, menorrhalgia, quality of life improvement in postmenopausal women, and blood stasis with motor vehicle accident for human level, biological activities was caught. Conclusions : From above results, Gyejibongnyeong-hwan is composed in line with the system of chief, deputy, assistan, and envoy. Biological activities are effective to improvement of menorrhalgia, anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, improvement of atherosclerosis, analgesic, anti-convulsion, wound healing, and improvement of liver function.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2016

Tomato extract has been shown to exert antiplatelet activity in vitro and to change platelet function ex vivo, but with limitations. In this study, antiplatelet activity of water soluble tomato concentrate (Fruitflow I) and dry water soluble tomato concentrate (Fruitflow II) was investigated using rat platelets. Aggregation was induced by collagen and adenosine diphosphate and granule-secretion, $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, thromboxane B2, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were examined. The activation of integrin ${\alpha}_{IIb}{\beta}_3$ and phosphorylation of signaling molecules, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt, were investigated by flow cytometry and immunoblotting, respectively. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were examined. Moreover, in vivo thrombus weight was tested by an arteriovenous shunt model. Fruitflow I and Fruitflow II significantly inhibited agonist induced platelet aggregation, adenosine triphosphate and serotonin release, $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and thromboxane B2 concentration, while having no effect on cAMP and cGMP levels. Integrin ${\alpha}_{IIb}{\beta}_3$ activation was also significantly decreased. Moreover, both concentrates reduced phosphorylation of MAPK pathway factors such as ERK, JNK, P38, and PI3K/Akt. In vivo thrombus formation was also inhibited. Taken together, these concentrates have the potential for ethnomedicinal applications to prevent cardiovascular ailments and can be used as functional foods.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.1-38
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Kamigyemyoungsan and each compositive herbs on the intravascular coagulation and subcutaneous hematoma. The intravascular coagulation was induced by the injection of endotoxin into the caudal vein of the rats. These rats were treated with endotoxin after administering orally extracts of Kamigyemyoungsan and each compositive herbs. Then the number of platelet, prothrombin time, the concentration of fibrinogen and FDP(fibrinogen degration product), hematocrit and RBC and WBC were measured. The subcutaneous hematoma was induced by the subcutaneous injection of the autologous whole blood to produce clotting in situ in rats. Then the extracts of Kamigyemyoungsan and each compositive herbs were administered orally. The lesions were then dissected and observed. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The number of platelets of the trial groups was increased as compared with the control group, and revealed significance in sample Ⅰ. 2. The concentration of fibrinogen of the trial groups was increased as compared with the control group, and revealed significance in sample Ⅰ, sampleⅡ and sample Ⅴ. 3. The prothrombin time was shortened significantly in the trial groups, except sampleⅡ and sampleⅣ as compared with the control group. 4. The concentration of FDP decreased in the trial groups, and revealed significance in sample Ⅰ and sample Ⅵ as compared with the control group. 5. The hematocrit significantly increased in sample Ⅰ, sampleⅢ and sample Ⅵ as compared with the control group. 6. The number of RBC significantly increased in sample Ⅵ only as compared with the control group. 7. The number of WBC significantly increased in the trial groups, except sampleⅣ and sample Ⅵ as compared with the control group. 8. Histologically, the lesions in the trial groups showed significantly thinner fibroblastic neomembrane than the control group, except sampleⅢ. According to the above results, it is considered that Kamigyemyoungsan and each compositive herbs have inhibitive effects on the thrombosis and the fibroblastic neomembrane development. Therefore, it seems to be applicable to the diseases related to thrombosis and hematoma.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.107-125
• /
• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Gwaluzisiltang and Gwaluzisiltanggami on the intravascular coagulation. The experimental group divided two groups : one group was the intravascular coagulation induced by endotoxin in rats, another group was the formation of paw edema by contusion in rats, and then these rats were treated with liquid extract of Gwaluzisiltang(Sample I) and Gwaluzisiltanggami(Sample II), which were administered orally. Then the numbers of platelets, concentration of fibrinogen, Prothrombin time and FDP(fibrin-fibrinogen degradation Products)were measured. The results were as follows : 1. The effects of the Intravascular coagulation 1) Platelet was increased significantly in the sample I compared with control group. 2) Fibrinogen was increased significantly in the sample I compared with control group. 3) Prothrombin time was shortened significantly in the sample I and more shortened in the sample II compared with control group. 4) FDP was decreased significantly in the sample I and more decreased in the samplem II compared with control group. 2. The effect of the formation of paw edema by contusion in rats. 1) The rate of paw edem was decreased significantly after five hours in the sample I 2) Platelet was increased significantly in the sample I compared with control group. 3) Fibrinogen was decreased in the sample I and sample II compared with control group, but it is not significant 4) Prothrombin time was shortened significantly in the sample II compared with control group. According to the above results, it is considered that the Gwaluzisiltang and Gwaluzisiltanggami seem to be applicable disease related to thrombosis, because they obtained significant effects on the experimental method which are based on the oriental medical theory-the principle of phlegm and blood stasis have the same source and disease (痰瘀同源, 痰瘀同病).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.561-569
• /
• 1999

In the atherosclerotic subjects, arterial endothelial cell injury and plaque formation are suspected to be strong causable factors in developing acute coronary syndrome, and it was revealed that platelets have a very important role in this case. Women are exposed to atherosclerosis at a different degree after menopause or oral contraception. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogen on the degree of platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma(PRP) in twenty nonsmoking healthy Korean women for 12 weeks. The subjects were assigned to three groups: (1) eight women aged 49 to 60(yr) for the postmenopausel(Pst) group, (2) eight, aged 22 to 30(yr) for the premenopausa(Pre) group, (3) four, aged 23 to 30(yr) for the oral contraceptive (OC) group which used triphasic OC formulation. Fasting blood sample were obtained from the subjects, (1) once per 6 weeks in the Pst group, (2) every phase of the menstrual cycle in the Pre group, (3) each once during and after OC administration in the OC group. ADP, collagen and epinephrine were used as aggregating reagents, and platelet aggregation and time(Δt: time reaching to the maximum point of aggregation) in PRP were measured at the maximum point of aggregation in five minutes. All the data were adjusted for dietary effects, personality type and body mass index(BMI) by using analysis of covariation(ANCOVA). Platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen(MADP and MCOLL) were not significantly different among the three groups, and Δt to ADP and collagen(TADP and TCOLL) were not either. But maximum platelet aggregability and Δt to epinephrine(MEPIN and TEPIN) were significantly different among the three groups, and the OC group showed the lowest value (p<0.01). Maxtimum platelet aggregability and Δt during the menstrual cycle were not significantly different in the Pre group. Any other significant differences in the maximum platelet aggregability and Δt were found between oral contraception phase and washing out phase(menstruation) in the OC group. In results, maximum platelet aggregability and aggregation time to ADP and collagen seemed not to be affected by endogenous and exogenous estrogen, even though MEPIN and TEPIN showed significantly low in the OC group among the three groups.

• BLOOD RESEARCH
• /
• 제53권4호
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 2018

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined as the dilation of a segment of a coronary vessel to at least 1.5 times the diameter of its normal adjacent segment. Mean platelet volume (MPV) plays a role in acute coronary syndromes, with high MPV correlating to poor prognosis for acute thrombotic events and CAE. Several studies investigated the relationship between MPV and CAE, resulting in conflicting results. These results led us to systematically review all studies investigating the relationship between MPV and ectatic heart diseases by performing a meta-analysis study in order to report a unified result. This meta-analysis study investigated all case-control articles examining the relationship between MPV and CAE. All studies in the following databases published until January 31, 2018, were investigated: Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Following a quality control evaluation, 14 articles, all of which were published following studies performed in Turkey from 2007 to 2016, met the criteria for study inclusion. After pooling the results from all of the articles, a total standardized mean difference (SMD) value of 0.584 (95% CI, 0.219, 0.95) was obtained using the D+L pooled SMD, indicating a significant difference (P=0.002) between the two groups, with higher MPV values in ectatic patients when comparing to healthy individuals. Therefore, increased MPV levels were significantly related to CAE, suggesting that platelets, with their inflammatory and thrombotic activities, play a role in this disease. Therefore, anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory therapies may be effective in treating CAE.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 1975

Total body perfusion using Sarns Heart-Lung-Machine, five head pump motor system with Travenol disposable bubble oxygenator was attempted in the dogs by the hemodilution method with total prime of buffered Hartman`s solution under moderate hypothermia. The first of all, the functions of Sarns Heart-Lung-Machine and effects of the hemodilution perfusion by buffered Hartman`s solution was studied. At the same time the changes of pressure of artery and vein, gas contents of the blood, and influence on the blood pictures were observed before, during, and after perfusion in 1-2 days. Hemodilution rates were the ranges of 85.0ml/kg to 97.3ml/kg and perfusion flow rates were maintained with the average 80. 5ml/kg/min [the ranges of 73.3ml/kg/min to 92.8ml/kg/min]. Hypothermia was employed between $35^{\circ}C$ and $31^{\circ} of the esophageal temperature. The total body perfusion was continued for 50-60 minutes. In the total cardiopulmonary bypass, atriotomy, ventriculotomy, and atrioventriculotomy were performed respectively. Arterial pressure was ranged approximately between 50 mmHg and 140 mmHg, but generally, it was maintained over 75 mmHg. Venous pressure was measured between 3.8 cm$H_2O$ and 16.0 cm$H_2O$. Optimum oxygenation could be achieved when oxygen flow into the oxygenator was maintained approximately at 5. 5L/min. In this way, the $pO_2$, $pCO_2$, and oxygen saturation were measured before, during, and afterperfusion in 1-2 days. The $pCO_2$ ranged approximately between 26.0 mmHg and 38.5 mmHg, but generally, it was maintained in the average 30.9-32.5mmHg. The $pO_2$ was ranged between 73.0mmHg and 332.2 mmHg, but it was maintained in the average 103.0-219.0 mmHg. Oxygen saturation was measured over 95. 0% during and after extracorporeal circulation respectively. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leucocyte count were decreased to 49.2%, 49.0%, 49.4%, and 21. 1% of the preoperative value during extracorporeal circulation respectively and these reductions were not recovered until 1-2 days after perfusion. These. resulted from relatively high degree of hemodilution rate and operative bleeding during these experimental studies. The platelets count was also decreased about to 71% during perfusion, on the contrary, it was increased progressively after perfusion and in 1-21 days after perfusion, the value was returned to preoperative contro1 level. Three dogs were all recovered after extracorporeal circulation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.158-164
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Recently, various materials were developed for enhancing bone formation capacity. Platelet rich plasma(PRP) is an autologous source with several growth factors and obtained by sequestering and concentrating platelets by gradient density centrifugation. This study was to evaluate the effect of PRP on healing of grafted bone. Materials and methods : Two blood samples were obtained and analysed for measuring platelet counts of normal blood and PRP. In experimental group, two defects of mandibular bone, 10mm in diameter and 4.0mm deep, were created in the mandible and immediately grafted with autogenous bone chips mixed with PRP. In control group, same bone defects were prepared and grafted with autogenous bone chips. Gelform was used for carrier of PRP. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks later, each group was evaluated with histologi-cal and histomorphometric analyses. Results : According to histological observation, experimental group was showed more anastomosing newly-formed woven bone having osteoblastic activation than control group. According to histomorphometric analysis, there were 9.11% more newly-formed bone volume in experimental group than control group at 2 weeks, 7.91% more at 4 weeks, 20.08% more at 8 weeks. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated PRP in autogenous bone graft could enhance the bone formation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.181-184
• /
• 2009

면역 매개 용혈성 빈혈(IMHA)은 소동물의 빈혈을 일으키는 가장 흔한 원인 중의 하나이고, 면역매계 혈소판 감소증(IMT) 또한 소동물에 영향을 줄 수 있는 면역관련 질환이다. 스테이드제나 다른 면역억제제를 이용한 면역억압이 IMHA와 IMT의 일차적인 치료법이다. 그러나 적절한 약물의 적용에도 불구하고, 몇몇 동물은 치료에 반응이 없어 다른 면역억제제나 대체의학적인 치료가 필요하다. IMHA로 진단 된 8살의 중성화한 샴 고양이와 IMT로 진단된 8살의 킹챨스 스파니엘이 전통수의학진료를 위해 동물병원에 의뢰되었다. 두 동물 모두 스테로이드제나 다른 면역억제제에 반응이 없었다. 그래서 전통한약요법으로 귀비탕을 두 동물에게 적용하였다. 귀비탕 적용 한달 후 고양이의 농축적 혈구용적과 개의 혈소판 수치에 현저한 변화가 나타나기 시작하였다. 귀비탕을 먹이기 시작한 후 4개월 후에도 고양이의 농축 적혈구 용적이 정상으로 유지되었으며, 18개월 후에 측정한 개의 혈소판 수 또한 정상으로 유지되었다. 이 증례로부터 면역혈액질환이 있는 소동물에 있어 귀비탕은 대체요법으로 사용될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.314-330
• /
• 2010

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect and changes of inflammation-related genes by YBR I and YBR II (YBR I: Arteisiae Capillaris Herba, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Hoelen/ YBR II: YBR I +Sanguisorbae Radix, Biotae Cacumen, Cirsii Japonici Herba) on HSC(hepatic stellate cells)-T6 and TAA-induced rat liver tissue. Materials and Methods : HSC-T6 were treated with various concentrations of distilled-water extract YBR I and YBR II extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After the treatment, cell viability, proliferation, procollagen levels and IL-6 levels were measured by using MTT Assay, BrdU Assay, Procollagen Type 1 C-peptide EIA kit, and Murine IL-6 ELISA Development kit. Rat liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal TAA injection of 150mg/kg 3 times a week for 6 weeks. After the treatment, body weight, liver & spleen weights, liver function test, complete blood cell count and change of portal pressure were studied. In addition, gene expressions of ASMA, IL-6, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, all of which are known to be associated with liver fibrosis, were analyzed by using Real-Time PCR. After YBR I and YBR IItreatment, percentages of collagen in TAA-induced rat liver tissue were measured. Results : The viability and proliferation of the HSC-T6 decreased as the concentration increased. The production of procollagen decreased as the concentration increased. The production of IL-6 was little influenced by YBR I and YBR II. There was no difference in rat body weight between the TAA-only group and the YBR groups. Compared with rat liver weight of TAA-only group, that of the YBR groups increased. In the YBR I group, the serum level of AST elevated by TAA injection significantly decreased and in the YBR I and II group, the serum level of ALP and ALT elevated by TAA injection decreased. In the YBR I group, white blood cell count elevated by TAA injection decreased but platelets increased. In the YBR I group, the portal pressure elevated by TAA injection significantly decreased. Decreases in the gene expression of ASMA and MMP-2 were observed in the YBR I group. The gene expression of IL-6 was little influenced by YBR I and YBR II -treated groups. In the histological finding, TAA injections caused severe fibrosis, but YBR I and YBR II treatment significantly reduced the amounts of hepatic collagens. Conclusions : These results suggest that YBR I and II have inhibitory effects on the hepatic fibrogenesis.