• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2009

Background: The whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay (QuantiFERON-TB Gold [QFT-G]: Cellestis, Carnegie, Victoria, Australia) has been studied primarily for the use of diagnosing active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) or latent TB. In the present study, the usefulness of QFT-G was evaluated for the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EP-TB). Methods: From June 2006 to February 2009, we evaluated the usefulness of QFT-G in patients (n=65) suspected with EP-TB, retrospectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the QFT-G assay were analyzed. Results: EP-TB was diagnosed in 33 (51%) participants. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the QFT-G assay for EP-TB were 78%, 79%, 81%, and 77%, respectively. Of the 33 with EP-TB, 14 (42%) were diagnosed with TB pleurisy, 7 (21%) with TB lymphadenitis, 7 (21%) with intestinal TB, and 5 (15%) with EP-TB in other sites. In subgroup analyses according by site of infection, the QFT-G showed 86% sensitivity, 64% specificity, and 78% NPV in TB pleurisy. On the other hand, the sensitivity, specificity, and NPV of the assay were 71%, 83% and 71%, respectively in TB lymphadenitis, and 86%, 100% and 88%, respectively in intestinal TB. Among the patients with suspected alternative site EP-TB, the sensitivity, specificity, and NPV of the assay were 50%, 80% and 67%, respectively. Conclusion: The QFT-G assay showed moderate diagnostic accuracy in EP-TB. However, negative QFT-G assay does not exclude EP-TB because of the low NPV of this assay.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.201-203
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• 2001

The Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. with the cooperation of the Japan Association of Contract Laboratories for Safety Evaluation. launched a collaborative study with 38 companies aimed at elucidating the correlation between histopathological/hematological findings and immune function. Seven substances were individually administered to Crj : CD (SD)IGS rats for 14 or 28 days. Their immunotoxicity was assessed by histopathology. hematology. plaque-forming cell assay. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibody to sheep red blood cells. and flow cytometry. Appropriate procedures for immunotoxicology evaluation of pharmaceuticals were considered.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권3호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2012

Background: The release of interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) by T lymphocytes increases after rechallenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen, especially, at a localized site of tuberculosis (TB) infection. We aimed to compare the clincial efficacy of two commercial IFN-${\gamma}$ release assays from pleural fluid for the diagnosis in tuberculous pleurisy. Methods: We performed T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold tests simultaneously on pleural fluid and peripheral blood samples from patients with pleural effusion, in South Korea, an area with intermediate TB burden. Results: Thirty-six patients were enrolled prospectively, and tuberculous pleurisy was found in 21 patients. Both the numbers of IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting T cells and the concentration of IFN-${\gamma}$ were greater in the pleural tuberculous group, comparing with the non-tuberculous group. Moreover, in the tuberculous group, there was a significant difference in IFN-${\gamma}$ producing spot-forming cells using the T-SPOT.TB method between pleural fluid and peripheral blood. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, was the greatest for pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB test, followed by peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB test, peripheral blood QuantiFERON-TB Gold test, and pleural fluid QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (area under the ROC curve of 0.956, 0.890, 0.743, and 0.721, respectively). The T-SPOT.TB assay produced less indeterminate results than did QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay in both pleural fluid and peripheral blood. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB test could be the most useful test among the IFN-${\gamma}$ release assays for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy in an area with an intermediate prevalence of TB infection.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2020

Nickel is a nutritionally essential trace element that plays an important role in the immune system of several animal species. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of nickel chloride on chemotactic activity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and whether this effect is associated with interleukin (IL)-8 and a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PMNs were isolated by Percoll solution (Specific gravity; 1.080) and 1.5% dextran treatment, respectively. A modified Boyden chamber assay was used to measure the chemotactic activity of PMNs. The level of IL-8 in culture supernatant from PBMCs was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both of PBMCs and PMNs exhibited a low viability when cultured with concentration of greater than 1,000 μM of nickel chloride for 24 h. Thus, nickel chloride was used at concentration of 500 μM, which preserved cell viability. Treatment with nickel did not directly affect the chemotactic activity of PMNs. However, the chemotactic activity of PMNs was remarkably increased by culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with nickel chloride (500 μM) for 24 h. Recombinant porcine IL-8 polyclonal antibody (pAb) neutralized the enhancing effect on the chemotactic activity of PMNs by culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with nickel and this culture supernatant had higher IL-8 levels than the culture supernatant from untreated PBMCs. In addition, n-tosyll-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), a NF-κB inhibitor, antagonized the enhancing effect on the chemotactic activity of PMNs by the culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with nickel. These results suggested that nickel stimulates porcine PBMCs to produce IL-8, which increases the chemotaxis of PMNs via NF-κB-dependent pathway.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.319-323
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• 2002

In order to investigate the safety of Aralia elata extract causing the reduction in the blood glucose level and oxidative stress in diabetes animals, these genotoxicity studies in bacterial and mammalian cell assay system such as Ames bacterial reverse mutation test and chromosomal aberration assay were performed. As results, in Ames bacterial reversion assay the extract in the range of 5,000-625 ug/plate did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 strains with and without metabolic activation of S-9 mixture. For chromosomal aberration assay, $IC_{50}$ (50% inhibition concentration of cell growth) of the extract were determined; 792 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ without and 524 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ with S-9 mixture in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cell culture. Any significant chromosomal aberration was not observed in CHL cells treated with the extract at the concentrations of 792, 396 and 198 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ or 524, 262 and 131 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in the absence or presence of S-9 metabolic activation, respectively. From these results, Aralia elata extract did not induce any harmful effects on the gene in bacteria and mammalian cell system used in these experiments.

• 환경생물
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

In this study, the Comet assay (evaluation of DNA damage) used the fish hepatocellular carinoma cell, PLHC-1, was tried to the sediment extract obtained from freshwater to understand its applicability as a tool for monitoring sediment toxicity. In parallel, induced EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin- O-deethylase) activity and DNA damage (TEM values) in PLHC-1 cells were measured for establishing the tandem endpoints of the PLHC-1cell test to test the ecotoxicity of sediment. Among several study sites in a small river passed through downtown and industrial park area, one of them, site B, showed a higher level of EROD activity and DNA damage than other sites. It indicates that a tandem endpoints of PLHC-1 cells could be useful tools for assessing the toxicity of sediment. The sensitivity of Comet assay with PLHC-1 cells was a little higher than that with a blood cell of frog tadpoles to the solvent extract of sediment. According to the results, a PLHC-1 cell-Comet assay could be used as a useful tool for evaluating ecotoxicity of the freshwater sediment. In addition, more detailed studies are needed to the contaminated site.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.599-606
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• 2001

연구배경 : 기존의 결핵진단 방법이외에 신속하고, 정확한 결핵진단법으로 결핵환자의 말초혈액에서 결핵균 PCR 검사를 시행하여 검사의 유용성과 말초혈액 결핵 PCR 검사 양성인 환자의 면역학적 상태 및 방사선학적 소견을 살펴보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 1998년 7월부터 1999년 8월까지 한림대학교 의료원에 내원하여 결핵이 의심 되었던 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 검체에서 항산균 도말검사 및 결핵균 배양 검사를 시행하였고 진단에 필요한 경우 조직검사를 시행한 환자들 중에서 3개월 이상 경과관찰이 가능하였던 59명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자 모두에서 말초혈액 결핵 PCR검사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자 59명중 남자 39예, 여자 20예였으며, 평균 연령은 44.7세였다. 45예에서 결핵으로 최종 진단되었고, 이중 41예는 결핵균 배양검사 및 조직검사로 확진되었고, 4예는 임상적으로 진단되었다. 활동성 폐결핵이 아닌 14예 중 13예는 비활동성 결핵, 1예는 폐암으로 진단되었다. 말초혈액 결핵균 PCR 양성환자는 14예였으며, 이중 활동성 결핵이 13예, 폐암이 1예였다. 이들 말초혈액 결핵균 PCR 양성인 13예의 결핵 환자의 6예(46%) 에서 면역상태의 저하를 보였다. 결핵의 진단에 있어서 말초혈액 결핵균 PCR 검사의 민감도 29%, 특이도 93%, 양성 예측도와 음성 예측도가 각각 93%, 29% 였다. 결 론 : 말초혈액 결핵균 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사는 특이도가 높은 반면 민감도는 낮아 결핵 선별 검사로는 유용하지 않을 것으로 보인다. 그러나 양성예측도가 높아 검사가 양성인 경우 활동성 결핵의 조기 진단에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

조피볼락 Sebastes schlegeli 치어의 성장률 향상을 도모하고 적용할 만한 생균제로서의 그 가능성을 보고자, 평균 체중 0.7 g의 조피볼락 치어에 2종의 유산균을 사료에 첨가하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 각각의 첨가구는 Lactobacillus brevis 및 Lactobacillus plantarum을 농도별로 실험사료 1 g 중량당 유산균 첨가수준을 $10^4,\;10^6$ 및 $10^8$ cfu 수준으로 처리한 첨가구로 하였다. 성장효과에서 L. plantarum을 농도별로 실험사료 1g 중량당 유산균 첨가수준을 $10^8$ cfu 수준으로 처리한 Lp-8 실험구에서 중량 증가 효과가 있었으며, L. brevis의 경우는 첨가효과가 없었다. 실험종료 후, 혈액분석 결과는 hematocrit 28.5-32.5%, hemoglobin 8.3-8.6 g/dl으로 차이는 없었으나, 혈장 내 총 단백질 함량은 Lp-8 실험구에서 높았다. 혈장 내 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 유산균 2종에서 높은 첨가농도 일수록 그 수치가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 상기 실험결과로 미루어 볼 때, 수중환경에 서식하는 어류의 장내 정상적인 균주가 아닌 유산균은 개별적 종에 따라 다른 효과를 얻을 수는 있으나, 조피볼락 치어는 L. plantarum을 $10^8$ cfu/g 수준으로 사료 내 첨가하여 성장효과를 거둘 수 있었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1999

Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay는 일명 혜성분석이라고 부르며 in vivo 와 in vitro 에서 많은 화학적, 생물학적인 인자에 의한 DNA 손상을 감지하는데 유용한 기법으로 각각의 세포에서 DNA 단일 가닥 절단과 알칼리에 약한 장소를 평가하는 새로운 방법으로 인정되고 있다. 단세포 겔 전기영동법 (SCGE)을 사용하여 복숭아씨 추출물이 방사선에 의하여 사람 림프구 DNA에 나타나는 손상을 보호하는 지 여부를 평가하였다. 복숭아씨 추출물로 10 분간 전처리한 림프구를 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 Gy 의 방사선으로 조사하였고 방사선만을 조사한 림프구 실험군과 비교평가하였다. 혜성분석에서 DNA 가닥 절단에 대한 표식인 tail moment의 증가는 감마선에 대해서 뚜렷한 선량-반응 관계를 나타내었으며 각각의 농도별로 복숭아씨 추출물이 처리된 림프구의 DNA 손상은 현저히 감소하였다. 단세포 겔 전기영동법을 통한 평가결과 복숭아씨 추출물은 방사선에 의한 림프구 DNA 손상에 대한 탁월한 방어효과를 나타내었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.525-530
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• 1989

In order to enumerate the T-lymphocytes in bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by E rosette assay, KGRBC were treated with various concentrations of 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide(AET) and dextran(Dex), singly or in combination. To further standardize the assay, optimum concentration of AET- and/or Dex-treatment and incubation time for rosette forming cell(RFC) counts were determined. The levels of B-lymphocytes in the PBL were evaluated by erythzocyte-antibody($EA_{Fc}$)- and erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC)-rosetting techniques. The results obtained were as follows; The PBL from 20 clinically normal Korean cattle were formed as low percentage of spontaneous E-rosette ($6.7{\pm}2.4%$) in control group, whereas in KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET for 20 minutes and 8% Dex were formed as $37.3{\pm}2.7%$ and $45.1{\pm}2.1%$, respectively. And the synergistic effects were noted no less than $66.5{\pm}5.6%$ when the KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET and 8% Dex subsequently and rate of RFR did not change significantly between 3~24 hours incubation time at $4^{\circ}C$, EA-and EAC-RFR were $23.3{\pm}9.1%$ and $23.1{\pm}7.9%$, respectively. These results suggest that the KGRBC would be a useful agent for the enumeration of T-lymphocytes by E rosette assay and B-lymphocytes by EA- or EAC-rosette assay in cattle-PBL.