• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.324-333
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the effect of bone demineralization and tibia lead on blood lead in retired lead workers. Two hundred thirty five(126 females and 109 males) retired lead workers who worked in 4 different lead factories and 101 non-occupationally lead exposed subjects(51 females and 51 males) were recruited from March 2004 to October 2004. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured at left calcaneous bone area by broadband ultrasound attenuation(BUA) method with QUS-2(Metra Biosystems Inc, USA). The BUA value transformed into T-score by WHO standard conversion criteria. Tibia bone lead was measured for skeletal bone lead with K-xray fluorescence(K-XRF) and blood lead was analyzed with flameless atomic spectrophotometer. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum calcium and iron were also analyzed. In addition, information for smoking and drinking status and basic personal data such as age, gender and lead exposure were also collected using questionnaire inquiry. Blood lead was correlated with tibia lead (r=0.664) and these two variables were negatively correlated with BMD in bivariate analysis. BMD showed significant main effect on the change of blood lead independent to tibia lead without any effect modification of age or gender; the one T-score unit decrease of mineral bone density made $0.43{\mu}g/dl$ increase of blood lead. On the other hand, tibia lead showed effect modification with gender on blood lead; the slope of tibia lead on blood lead in male was steeper than in female and crossed at around zero of tibia lead. In the multiple regression analysis of blood lead and tibia lead on BMD after adjustment of related covariates, only blood lead showed statistically significant effect on BMD. This study confirmed that BMD and blood lead were significantly associated. To verify the causal association of BMD on blood lead and vice versa, further longitudinal studies are needed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.42.1-42.11
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effects of various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on human whole-blood clotting kinetics, the structure of the blood clots formed, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 release. Materials and Methods: Human whole blood was collected from 5 healthy volunteers and divided into 4 groups: CG (control, 0.5 mL of blood), BN_0.5 (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 0.5% NaOCl), BN₃ (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 3% NaOCl), and BN_5.25 (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl). The effects of NaOCl on clotting kinetics, structure of fibrin and cells, and release of TGF-β1 were assessed using thromboelastography (TEG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and enzyme-linked immunosobent assay, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, followed by the post hoc Dunn test. A p value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: The blood samples in BN_0.5 and BN₃ did not clot, whereas the TEG of BN_5.25 showed altered clot formation. Samples from the CG and BN₃ groups could only be processed with SEM, which showed that the latter lacked fibrin formation and branching of fibers, as well as clumping of red blood cells with surface roughening and distortion. TGF-β1 release was significantly highest in BN₃ when all groups were compared to CG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Each concentration of NaOCl affected the release of TGF-β1 from blood clots and altered the clotting mechanism of blood by affecting clotting kinetics and cell structure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.682-688
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• 1999

Thirty nine pregnant Javanese thin-tail ewes (20 and 19 carried a single and multiple [2 to 3] fetuses, respectively), and six nonpregnant ewes as controls were used to measure maternal serum hormone and blood metabolite concentrations as predictors of number of fetuses carried during pregnancy. Serum hormones (progesterone, estradiol, triiodothyronine, and cortisol) and blood metabolites (b-hydroxy butyric acid [BHBA], and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]) were determined every four weeks during pregnancy and were used to predict litter size by discriminant analysis. The results of data analysis indicated that serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations at weeks 8, 12, 16 of pregnancy could be used to predict the number of fetuses carried with precision of 86.7 to 95.6%. Serum triiodothyronine, cortisol, BHBA, and BUN concentrations during pregnancy, however, were not good predictors of the number of fetuses carried. Serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations as early as 8 weeks of pregnancy in sheep could predict the number of fetuses carried with 86.7% precision.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.3607-3619
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• 1996

Experimental and numerical studies for three-dimensional pulsatile flows are conducted to investigate the flow characteristics in the bifurcated tubes. Velocity measurements in experimental study were made by both Pulsed Doppler Ultrasound(PDU) machine and Laser Doppler Anemometer(LDA) system. Glycerin is used for experimental study. Experimental results are used to verify the results of the numerical simulation. Flow characteristics of Newtonian fluid and blood in the bifurcated tubes under the steady and pulsatlie flows are numerically investigated. Finite volume method is employed for three-dimensional numerical simulations. Blood is considered as a non-Newtonian fluid and the constitutive equation of blood is used for the numerical analysis. Numerical analyses are focused on the flow patterns for various branch angles ranging from 30.deg. to 90.deg. and diameter ratios such as 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6. Pulsatile flow characteristics of blood are compared with those of Newtonian fluid. Parameter effects on axial velocity, pressure and wall shear stress distribution along the bifurcated tubes are discussed in terms of the branch angle, diameter ratio, and Reynolds number.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 1995

Lyophilized whole blood samples containing various concentrations of Pb and Cd have been prepared as external quality control materials. These materials have been characterized with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS), The optimized conditions for the quantitative determination of Ph and Cd in whole blood using GFAAS were obtained at the ashing temperature of $600{\sim}650^{\circ}C$ with 0.1% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% Triton X-100 as matrix modifier. Homogeniety and stability of the prepared whole blood have been studied at the optimized analytical condition.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.449-452
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• 2011

A wrist wearable cuffless pulsimeter with a portable and small size apparatus using Hall effect is fabricated. The analysis of the pulse wave measured by the testing product of pulsimeter is done to measure the pulse rate and blood pressure. The blood pressure obtained by the puslimeter is compared with the practical values measured by electronic or mercury liquid blood pressure meters. The detail analysis of a pulse wave measured by a wrist wearable cuffless pulsimeter detecting the changes of the magnetic field can be used to develop a new diagnostic algorithm of blood pressure applying for oriental medical apparatus.

• The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.126-140
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• 2018

The diagnosis of cause of death (COD) or estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is hard to perform using postmortem blood or other bodily fluids due to various biochemical changes that occur during the agonal phase or after death. To solve these problems, new paradigms and new analytical methods are needed. In this study, postmortem blood was fractionated with specific gravity 1.021, 1.029, 1.038, and 1.045, and the absorbance patterns of each sample of the 131 total cases (12 kinds of COD) were analyzed using a spectrometer. The absorbance was grouped into 9 patterns (ABS pattern 1 to 9) according to the wave length and the signal intensity. These patterns of postmortem blood were found to be distinctly different from the absorbance pattern of fresh blood. The analysis of ABS patterns is useful for the diagnosis of deaths due to acute or rapid bleeding, fire death, drowning and, in some cases, poisoning, but is not useful for the estimation of PMI.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.322-326
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop hydrolysate from silkworm (Cudrania Silkworm Fibroin Peptide; CSFP), a food containing components for improving blood vessel health. In general, Cudrania tricuspidata leaves contain about 5 times more rutin and 25 times more dihydroquercetin than mulberry leaves. 1-Deoxynojirimycine (1-DNJ), dihydroquercetin and rutin inhibit the activity of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, inhibit blood lipid peroxidation, and regulate insulin secretion, which helps blood vessels to be healthy. When the diet-controlled silkworm was enzymatically hydrolyzed, it was confirmed that rutin content was about 8 times higher than that of the in general silkworm as a control. In the silkworm hydrolysate, CSFP, developed as a final food material, the active ingredients were 65 mg/kg for rutin, 3,328 mg/kg for DNJ, 0.43 mg/kg for dihydroquercetin, and 82,624 mg/kg for total polyphenol, which was confirmed through LC-MS/MS analysis. In conclusion, it was found that silkworms fed with C. tricuspidata leaves as a diet had more active components that can help control blood sugar and improve blood vessel health than silkworms fed with mulberry leaves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.451-455
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• 2008

Body weights and blood biochemical values in chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV)-HI, a Korean isolate, were studied. REV-HI causes severe body weight depression in chickens inoculated but not in chicken contact-infected. Body weights of infected chickens in 3, 4, and 5 weeks after infection were 78%, 76% and 65% of those of control respectively. Blood glucose levels in REVinfected chickens were extremely high compared with those in control (226 $\geq$ 21 vs. 814 $\geq$91.3 mg/dl in week 2) during the experiment period. Triglyceride levels in REV-infected chickens were significantly higher in week 2 and 3, whereas in week 4, REV-infected chickens showed significantly lower levels than the control. Blood lipase, amylase and alkaline phosphatase levels of REV-infected chickens in week 2 were significantly higher, whereas cholesterol, magnesium and calcium values in week 4 were significantly lower than the control. Other blood biochemical values such as alkaline aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase were nonsignificantly different from the control. These above results suggest that weight depression by REV may be related with increase of blood glucose, which indicated that REV-infected chickens could not use blood glucose as energy source.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1589-1598
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between airborne manganese and blood manganese in a general population of South Korean adults. The concentrations of airborne manganese in total suspended particulate (TSP) were calculated from data obtained from ambient air-monitoring stations (AAMSs) located in South Korea. Blood manganese data obtained Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) using a rolling sampling design involving a complex, stratified, multistage, probability cluster survey of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized civilian population of South Korea. Airborne manganese geometric means was 46.10 $ng/m^3$, blood manganese geometric means were 1.19 ${\mu}g/d{\ell}$ for male and 1.40 ${\mu}g/d{\ell}$ for female. In multiple linear regression analysis of log transformed blood manganeseas a continuous variable on airborne manganese, after adjusting for covariates including gender, age, job, smoking and drinking status, education level, BMI (body mass index). Airborne manganese was positively associated with blood manganese with statistical significance. The present study confirms that airborne manganese is a possible contributor to the increase of blood manganese in the adult general population.