• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.229-234
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze a Characteristics of block formation and commercialization of residential books commercial area along urban arteries on Teheran-ro in Seoul. 'Teheran-ro' is selected as a case site to analyze the characteristics of residential blocks commercial area along urban arteries. The study analyzes the characteristics of the street network and block formation in commercial area along arteries and rear residential blocks, and commercialization of residential blocks commercial area along urban arteries according to the characteristics of street network and block formation. The analysis about block formation progress about i ) a street network and block formation, ii ) the scale of blocks, iii) division of lots, iv) lots system. The analysis about commercialization of residential blocks commercial area progress about i) a street network and block formation, ii) a density of building, iii) a use of building

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.sup2
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• pp.325-334
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• 2008

Purpose: The carrier used as delivery agent for bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) should also act as a scaffold for new bone formation. Moreover, bone formation should be predictable in terms of the volume and shape. This study examined the osteogenic effect of macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) block combined with ePTFE membrane as a carrier for recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMP-2). In addition, the additive effect of ePTFE membrane on bone formation was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Eight-millimeter critical sized calvarial defects were created surgically in 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into 2 groups containing 14 animals each. The defects were treated with either rhBMP-2/MBCP block (rhBMP-2/MBCP group) or rhBMP-2/MBCP block/ePTFE membrane (rhBMP-2/MBCP/ePTFE group). A disc-shaped MBCP block (3 mm height and 8 mm diameter) was used as the carrier for the rhBMP-2 and ePTFE membrane was used to cover the rhBMP-2/MBCP block. The histologic and histometric parameters were used to evaluate the defects after 2- or 8-week healing period (7 animals/group/healing interval). Results: The level of bone formation in the defects of both groups was significantly higher at 8 weeks than that at 2 weeks (P < 0.05). The ePTFE membrane has no additional effect compared with the rhBMP-2/MBCP block only. However, at 8 weeks, rhBMP-2/MBCP/ePTFE group showed more even bone formation on the top of the MBCP block than the rhBMP-2/MBCP group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the ePTFE membrane has no additive effect on bone formation when a MBCP block is used as a carrier for rhBMP-2.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.854-859
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• 2000

The synthesis of poly(N,N-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)) copolymer has been carried out and the block copolymer was characterized by FT-IR, DSC, and $^1$H-NMR. The formation of polymeric nanoaggregation was observed in the solution mixture of poly(DMAEMA) -block-PEG copolymer and poly (ethyl acrylamide) (EAAm) due to the intermolecular interaction via hydrogen bond between DMAEMA and poly(EAAm). The formation of polymeric nanoaggregation was observed above critical micelle concentration (CMC).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.sup2
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• pp.355-362
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• 2008

Purpose: The carrier for the delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) should also serve as a scaffold for new bone growth. In addition, predictable bone formation in terms of the volume and shape should be guaranteed. This study evaluated the ectopic bone formation of recombinant human BMP-2(rhBMP-2) using a micro macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP: mixture of ${\beta}TCP$ and HA) block as a carrier in a rat subcutaneous assay model. Materials and Methods: Subcutaneous pockets were created on the back of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats. In the pockets, rhBMP-2/MBCP and MBCP alone were implanted. The blocks were evaluated by histological and histometric parameters after a healing interval of 2 weeks (each 10 rats; MBCP and rhBMP-2/MBCP) or 8 weeks (each 10 rats; MBCP and rhBMP-2/MBCP). Results: The shape and volume of the block was maintained stable over the healing period. No histological bone forming activity was observed in the MBCP alone sites after 2 weeks and there was minimal new bone formation at 8 weeks. In the rhBMP-2/MBCP sites, new bone formation was evident in the macropores of the block. The new bone area at 8 weeks was greater than at 2 weeks. There was a further increase in the quantity of new bone with the more advanced stage of remodeling. Conclusions: A MBCP block could serve as a carrier system for predictable bone tissue engineering using rhBMPs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.10-19
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the formation and change of road-block-lot of the old inner city in cheongju The result of this study are as follows; (I)Among others a system roads of in around the old castle in cheongju city is most of feature north and south direction of road. Lot system is organic relations of north and south direction of road. Therefore, urban tissue in around the old castle in cheongju city is established order road system keep on the change of expansion urban tissue. (2) Block type classified into non-division, 2division and over 3division. (3) The square block remains mostly in Cheongju old castle, two-division block was around south of castle. And block of the grid-form street system divided into over 3 division. Through the guideline about characteristic of block type, residential area should be developed as a characteristics area in the urban area.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.33.2-33.2
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• 2009

Block copolymer lithography has attracted great attention for emerging nanolithography since nanoscaleperiodic patterns can be easily obtained through self-assembly process without conventional top-down patterning process. Since the morphologies of self-assembled block copolymer patterns are strongly dependent on surface energy of a substrate, suitable surface modification is required. Until now, the surface modification has been studied by using random copolymer or self-assembled mono layers (SAMs). However, the research on surface modifications has been limited within several substrates such as Si-based materials. In present study, we investigated the formation of block copolymer on Au substrate by $O_2$ plasma treatment with the SAM of 3-(p-methoxy-phenyl)propyltrichloro-silane [MPTS, $CH_3OPh(CH_2)_3SiCl_3$]. After $O_2$ plasma treatment, the chemical bonding states of the surface were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The static contact angle measurement was performed to study the effects of $O_2$ plasma treatment on the formation of MPTS monolayer. The block copolymer nanotemplates formed on Au surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the ordering of self-assembled block copolymer pattern and the formation of cylindrical nano hole arrays were enhanced dramatically by oxygen plasma treatment. Thus, the oxidation of gold surface by $O_2$ plasma treatment enables the MPTS to form the monolayer assembly leading to surface neutralization of gold substrates.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.475-483
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• 2016

A numerical analysis model capable of predicting the shape, the size and the potentiality of collapse of tetrahedral blocks considering the persistence obtained from the field survey of joint distribution around the underground excavation surface has been developed. Numerical functions of analyzing both the exposed trace distribution on the excavation surface and the formation of tetrahedral block controlled by the extent of joint surface have been established and linked to the previously developed three dimensional deterministic block analysis model. To illustrate the reliability of advanced numerical model the case of underground excavation in which the collapse of rock block had practically taken place was studied. Representative orientations of joint sets was determined based on the joint distribution pattern observed on the excavation surfaces. The formation of block on the roof of underground opening was analyzed to unveil the potential tetrahedral block the shape of which was very similar to the collapsed rock block. Mechanisms of collapse process has been also analyzed by considering the three dimensional shape of tetrahedral block.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2004

Selected MPEG-b-PDLLA block copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization with systematic variation of the chain lengths of the resident hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks. The size and shape of the micelles that spontaneously form in solution are then controlled by the characteristics of the block copolymer template. All the materials prepared in this study showed the tunable pore size of 20-80 ${\AA}$ with the increase of hydrophobic chain lengths and up to 660 $m^2$/g of specific surface area. The formation mechanism of these nanoporous structures obtained by controlling the micelle size has been confirmed using both liquid and solid state $^{13}C\;and\;^{29}Si$ NMR techniques. This work verifies the formation mechanism of nanoporous structures in which the pore size and wall thickness are closely dependent on the size of hydrophobic cores and hydrophilic shells of the block copolymer templates.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.206-214
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the formation process of the Second Mujechi Moor at Mt. Jeongjok. For doing so, 1 analysed the formation process of valley which moor is located in, and the formation process of block field damming the valley: First, it is not a valley but a hollow which the Second Mujechi Moor located in. Hollow was formed as weathering bedrock weathered deeply along joints under warm and wet climatic conditions was denudated by rain wash. Second, the Second Mujechi Moor had been a marginal lake. Block stream developed during the last glacial period of Pleistocene, and it dammed the mouth of hollow. Afterwards sediments transported from slope filled the marginal lake, thus the lake changed to the moor where aquatic plants could grown. Third, the Second Mujechi Moor is drained and dried out by removal of matrix material from the block stream dam of the mouth of moor. For keeping moor's present conditions, we must control moor's drainage by filling open space in block stream with fine material.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2021

Wrinkle patterns were fabricated on styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer substrates using ion-beam (IB) irradiation with various intensities. The wavelength of the wrinkle pattern increased as the IB intensity was increased from 800 to 1,600 eV. IB irradiation-induced changes in the surface properties that were confirmed via physicochemical surface analyses. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed chemical surface reformation due to the IB irradiation, resulting in C-O/C=O bonds after IB irradiation that were not reported before. These results indicate that the surface chemical modification caused by IB irradiation is strongly related to the surface modulus, which is important when fabricating wrinkle patterns. Furthermore, a strong IB irradiation induced a strong compressive strain; thus the size of the wrinkle pattern was increased.