• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2005

The functional vice (Oryza sativa L.) has been highly regarded recently, in the change of rice maykets in the world. Goami2 (GA), one of the functional rice varieties, was developed from high-quality rice, Ilpumbyeo (IP). From the previous study, GA has been proved its beneficial effect on the improvement of metabolic control and body weight reduction especially in obesity, We could certain that GA was very difficult to be gelatinized due to the micro lump shown in the Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) photos. To improve its cooking quality, we investigated the changes of physicochemical properties, which were differentiated by the conditions of milling and blending. As GA was milled every $2\%$ until eliminating $12\%$, the nitrogen content was decreased linearly. But the decreasing rate of nitrogen content of GA during milling process was relatively lower than that of IP. Thus, we assumed that GA has relatively high nitrogen in inner starch of grain. The degree of milling had no effect on the gelatinization of cooked GA, but affected lightness and whiteness linearly, which were ranged in normal values when the rice was milled more than $10\%$ in weight. So we could concluded that the milling process was not proper to improve cooking quality of GA. And we could suggested that GA was needed to soak into water at least one hour before cooking by it water absorption rate at normal temperature$(21^{\circ}C)$ and sensory evaluation. From the texture analysis, cooked GA had higher hardness than other varieties. Therefore, we blended GA with IP, Baekjinju(BJ) and Hwasunchalbyeo(HS), then subjected to sensory evaluation. All evaluation items including the sensory preference were the highest scores for the rice blended with glutinous rice varieties, BJ and HS.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.135-143
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• 2006

This study evaluated the fatigue resistance characteristics of hot-mix recycled asphalt mixtures which were prepared by a new blending method. Since the binder of RAP shows higher viscosity without being rejuvenated in the ordinary recycled mixture, this new(modified) blending method was developed for obtaining more uniform level of binder viscosity in the recycled mixture. Cold-planned RAP was collected and mix design was performed using 15% RAP content for two virgin aggregate, gneiss and granite. Penetration grade of 60-80 asphalt was used in mixing recycled mixture together with a polymer modifier, LDPE. Indirect tensile fatigue tests were carried out to evaluate characteristics of fatigue resistance of performance of recycled asphalt mixtures. The recycled mixtures with LDPE 6% showed higher repeated loading fatigue life. Fatigue life ratio of new(N) mixing method mixtures was approximately 0.6-0.7 before aging and 0.8-1.0 after aging treatment of ordinary(O) mixing method mixture. This means the N mixture becomes stronger with aging process increase. If further aging is treated, N mixture may be showing stronger resistance than O mixture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2000

This paper addresses the analysis and design of fuzzy-model-based controller for nonlinear systems using extended PDC and optimal pole-placement schemes. In the design procedure, we represent the nonlinear system using a Takagi-Sugeno fkzy model and formulate the controller rules by using the extended parallel distributed compensator (EPDC) and construct an overall fuzzy logic controller by blending all local state feedback controllers with an optimal pole-placement scheme. Unlike the commonly used parallel distributed compensation technique, by blending a newly extended parallel distributed compensator and the optimal poleplacement schemes, we can design not only a local stable k z y controller but also an overall stable fuzzy controller to perform the tacking control objective. Furthermore, a stability analysis is carried out not only for the fuzzy model but also for a real nonlinear system. Finally. the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed fizzy model-based controller design method has been shown through a simulation example.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.135-143
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• 2013

In this study, we suggested effective countermeasure of biodiesel oxidation problems by investigating the oxidation degradation of biodiesels derived from variable resources and the level of oxidation stability of current distributing biodiesel blended fuels (2%) in Korea, and oxidation stability change according to storage time (for 3 month) and biodiesel blending ratio (2, 5, 7, 10%). By the composition analysis results of biodiesel from various resources which are possible to distribute in Korea, the biodiesel from animal fat has poor oxidation stability and cold performance, while the biodiesel from coconut and palm kernel which are considered as future potential raw material showed good oxidation stability and cold performance. The oxidation stability level of current distributing biodiesel blended fuels in Korea was excellent with showing over 30 hours (average 68 hours) stability, but the oxidation stability of the blended fuel with animal fat biodiesel having poor oxidation property (1.22 hours) was rapidly decreased to below 32 hours by mixing only 2%. Therefore, we have to pay attention to quality control of oxidation property, because the oxidation stability problem can be caused by increasing biodiesel blending ratio and diversifying raw materials those have worse property.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1082-1082
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• 2001

Extrusion is one of the most important processes in polymer industry. The characterization of the polymer melt during processing will improve this process noticeably, One possibility of characterizing the actual processed polymer melt is the inline near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, With this method several polymer properties can be observed during processing, e.g. composition, moisture ormechanical properties of the melt. For this purpose probes for transmission and reflection measurements have been developed, withstanding the high temperatures and pressures appearing during extrusion process (tested up to 300$^{\circ}C$ and 10 ㎫). For the transmission system an optical bypass was developed to eliminate disturbing spectral influences and hence increase the long term stability, which is the prerequisite for an industrial application. Measurements in transmission and reflection produced comparable results (or blending processes, where the prediction error was less than 1%. An optimum RMSEP of only 0.24% was found for preprocessed polymer blends measured in transmission on a laboratory extruder. A transflection measurement allowed for the first time the recording of relevant NIR-spectra in the screw area of an extruder. The application to a (PE+PP) blending process delivered promising results. This new measurement mode allows the observation of the ongoing processes within the screw area, which is of maximum Interest for reactive extrusion processes. Due to economic reasons the calibration transfer between different extrusion systems is also of high importance. Investigations on simulated and real-world spectra showed that a calibration transfer is possible. A new method alternatively to the well-known direct standardization procedures was developed, which is based on an automatic data pretreatment. This procedure delivers comparable results for the calibration transfer. Overall this paper presents concepts, components and algorithms for the inline near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for polymer extrusion, which allows the use of it in a real industrial extrusion process.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2016

This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of pigment properties in a pre-coating layer on the characteristics of a top-coating layer and the print mottle of the coated paper. Five different pigments were applied for this study as raw materials for the pre-coating layer. The properties and print mottle of the coated paper samples were evaluated according to the coating color formulation. Type of pigments appliied in a pre-coating layer was one of the most important factor to control the properties of pre and top coating layer. Surface properties of pre and top coated paper were improved by blending GCC which had smaller particle size, with clay. Properties of a top-coating layer was affected by the pigment properties used in the pre-coating layer. It was found that print mottle of coated paper can be improved by replacing part of GCC with smaller particle size GCC or clay in pre-coating layer.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2014

In this study, we prepare polymer solar cells incorporating organic ligand-modified Ag nanoparticles (O-AgNPs) highly dispersed in the P3HT:PCBM layer. Ag nanoparticles decorated with water-dispersible ligands (WAgNPs) were also utilized as a control sample. The existence of the ligands on the Ag surface was confirmed by FT-IR spectra. Metal nanoparticles with different surface chemistries exhibited different dispersion tendencies. O-AgNPs were highly dispersed even at high concentrations, whereas W-AgNPs exhibited significant aggregation in the polymer layer. Both dispersion and blending concentration of the Ag nanoparticles in P3HT:PCBM matrix had critical effects on the device performance as well as light absorption. The significant changes in short-circuit current density ($J_{SC}$) of the solar cells seemed to be related to the change in the polymer morphology according to the concentration of AgNPs introduced. These findings suggested the importance of uniform dispersion of plasmonic metal nanoparticles and their blending concentration conditions in order to boost the solar cell performance.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2022

This study tried to analyze the heat resistance properties by blending epoxy and phenolic resin in a certain ratio, and to analyze the adhesive properties at the time of metal-polymer hetero-adhesion by applying Epoxy-phenolic resin between a silicon steel sheet and m-aramid sheet, the viscosity, adhesive peel strength, and adhesive cross section were measured using a rotational rheometer, a tensile tester(UTM), and a field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM). The thermal stability and heat resistance were confirmed by measuring the mass loss according to the temperature increase using Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). After blending with epoxy and Phenolic resin(1:0.25 ratio) curing at 110℃ for 10 min, high adhesive strength was improved more than 40% compared to the adhesive strength using epoxy alone. When the space between the silicon steel sheet and m-aramid sheet, which is created during curing of the E-P blend, is cured with a slight weight, it is possible to control the empty space and improve adhesion.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Super absorbent polymers (SAPs) are hydrophilic molecules that can absorb large amounts of water. This study was conducted to investigate the enhancement of the physicochemical properties of sand soil blended with three SAPs imbibed with 100, 150, and 200-fold water. Three treatments were applied, namely, 100SAP, 150SAP, and 200SAP. The three SAPs were blended at concentrations of 0% (control), 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% with sand. The pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) of soil blended with the three SAPs were pH 6.35-6.46, 0.09-0.65 dS/m, and 1.42-1.92 cmol_c/kg, respectively, and their capillary porosity, total porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were 21.0-29.3%, 39.2-48.7%, and 272-470 mm/hr. CEC, capillary porosity, total porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil were positively correlated with the ratio of the SAPs (p<0.01). These results indicate that blending sand soil with SAPs increased CEC, capillary porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, thus improving the nutrient-retention capacity, water-retention capacity, and permeability of the soil.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.186-194
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on pain, depression, and feelings of satisfaction in life of arthritis patients. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group, pre-and post-test. The sample consisted of 40 patients, enrolled in the Rheumatics Center, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, South Korea. The essential oils used were lavender, marjoram, eucalyptus, rosemary, and peppermint blended in proportions of 2:1:2:1:1. They were mixed with a carrier oil composed of almond (45%), apricot(45%), and jojoba oil(10%) and they were diluted to 1.5% after blending. The data were analyzed using an 2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and paired t-test. Result: Aromatherapy significantly decreased both the pain score and the depression score of the experimental group compared with the control group. However, aromatherapy didn't increase the feeling of satisfaction in life of the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion: The result of this study clearly shows that aromatherapy has major effects on decreasing pain and depression levels. Based on our experiment's findings, we suggest that aromatherapy can be a useful nursing intervention for arthritis patients.