• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Recently, the incidence of blast injury has been on the increase worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze blast injuries in South Korea. Methods: This was a retrospective multi-center study of blast injuries in three tertiary military centers. The medical records of patients with blast injuries from January 2003 to December 2007 were reviewed. The injury severity was evaluated according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and the Trauma Score and the Injury Severity Score (TRISS). Results: This study revealed epidemiological data of blast injury in the three tertiary military hospital. A total of 94 cases of blast injury had occurred. Various body regions were involved. The most frequently injured site was the upper extremity (52.1%). The mechanisms for the blast injuries were primary (41.5%), secondary (74.5%), tertiary (7.4%), and quaternary (29.8%). The mean injury-to-hospital arrival time was $3.2{\pm}1.7hour$. The rate of admission was 88.3%, and the rate of ICU admission was 32.5%. Thirty-six (36) cases required an emergency operation. Most were performed by an Orthopedist (55.6%), an Ophthalmologist (19.4%), or a general surgeon (13.9%). The mortality rate from blast injury was 4.3%. Conclusion: This was the first paper to present data on the type of injury, the site of injury, the cause of death, and the mortality from blast injury in South Korea. Chest injury, brain injury, tertiary injury mechanisms, $ISS{\geq_-}16$, and a Maximal Abbreviated Injury Scale Score $(ABI){\geq_-}4$ were significantly associated with death.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2017

격실 내부에서의 폭발로 인한 인원의 피해를 분석하였다. 특히 격실 내에서 폭압 전파에 영향을 미치는 돌출된 장애물의 유무에 따른 인원 피해를 비교하였다. 격실 내에 장애물이 없는 경우에 경험적 고속처리모델을 이용하여 폭압을 예측할 수 있다. 하지만 격실 내부에서는 폭압 프로파일이 개활지에서와 달리 복잡하며 의자와 같은 구조물이 존재하는 경우에는 경험적 고속처리모델 적용이 불가하다. 따라서 장애물이 있는 격실 내부 폭압은 유한요소해석을 이용해 획득하였다. 또한 개활지의 폭압 프로파일을 기준으로 개발된 Friedlander 압력-충격량 곡선을 격실 내부에서의 복잡한 폭압 전파로 인해 피해평가에 적용할 수 없어, Axelsson 단자유도 모델을 적용하여 인원 피해를 분석하였다. 장애물이 있는 경우 인원의 흉벽 속도는 26에서 76 퍼센트(%) 만큼 감소되었으며 격실내 인원피해 또한 감소되었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 2011

Purpose: During August 2010, a natural gas fuel cylinder on a bus exploded in downtown Seoul, injuring 20 citizens. This kind of blast injury has never been reported in Korea before. Thus, the goal of this study was to review the clinical features of these victims to help physicians manage similar cases and to understand the risk factors associated with blast injuries in everyday life. Methods: Twenty (20) victims who visited nearby emergency departments, and 3 peoples left hospital without care. Seventeen (17) victims were included in this study, and the following factors were investigated: age, sex, type of hospital, diagnosis of injury, injury mechanism, position of victim (in-bus/out of bus), classification of injury severity with START (simple triage and rapid treatment), and classification of injury according to the mechanism of the blast injury. Results: The victims included 8 males (47%), 9 females (53%). The mean age was $37.5{\pm}12$. Thirteen (13) victims were transferred to two tertiary hospitals, and 4 were transferred to two secondary hospitals. The types of injury were 3 fractures, 2 ligaments injuries, 6 contusions, 4 abrasions, and 3 open wounds (one of them was combined fracture). According to START classification, 17 victims were 1 immediate, 11 minor, 5 delayed, and no death. Classifications according to the mechanism of the blast injury were 1 primary injury, 6 secondary injuries (2 of them combined other mechanism), 3 tertiary injuries and 9 quaternary injuries. Conclusion: Trauma care physicians should be familiar with not only the specific types of injuries from blast accidents, but also the potential accidents that may occur in public facilities.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.182-182
• /
• 2017

The objective of this research was to determine controlling effects on rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) in rice plants by using plant extracts from different extraction methods (water, boiling water, fermentation, and ethanol) from 38 agricultural materials of traditional agriculture. Rice blast was completely suppressed by 3% ethanol extracts in Rheum palmatum roots, and suppressed 97% and 77% by 10% ethanol extracts in onion bulb and pine tree leaves, respectively in a laboratory test. However, other agricultural materials showed low effect on suppression of rice blast. Additionally, in a seedling test, rice injury of two cultivars (Ilmibyeo and Hopyoungbyeo) against rice blast was reduced 40-71%, 29-63%, and 23-63% by 5 and 10% ethanol extracts in Rheum palmatum roots, onion bulb, and pine tree leaves, respectively, compared with non-treated controls. Rice injury of two cultivars (Ilmibyeo and Hopyoungbyeo) against rice blast was reduced by 21-55%, 23-46%, and 5-39% in response to Rheum palmatum roots, onion bulb, and pine tree leaf applications at 100, 200 and $400g/m^2$ at 0 day after seeding, respectively, compared with non-treated controls. Rice plants did not show any leaf injuries and growth reduction after treatments of the Rheum palmatum roots, onion bulb, and pine tree leaf extracts or soil application. Thus, the above materials may be used for controlling rice blast in organically produced rice fields.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2017

There is a need for explosion experiments for explosion-related research. However, there are many restrictions in performing an actual experiment. Therefore, in this paper, an alternative method of overcoming the constraints of an explosion experiment has been conducted using a passenger behavior analysis program called MADYMO to assess and analyze the human body injury due to explosion load. To increase the reliability of the analysis, a drop test has been conducted with the analysis. We provide a new framework for performing the analysis. In future, we will further develop our research with the goal of reducing the opportunity cost for the study of the human body injury.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2010

최근 $CO_2$ 배출의 저감을 위한 활동으로 시멘트의 사용량을 줄이고, 고로슬래그 및 플라이 애시 등과 같은 산업부산물을 적극 활용하여 건설분야에 적용하고자 하는 움직임이 활발하게 진행되고 있으며, 이를 통해 환경부하저감 및 자원재활용을 도모하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자원재이용 및 환경부하저감을 위한 기초적 연구로서 고로슬래그 및 플라이 애시를 사용하여 부산물의 치환율에 따른 경화성상 및 내구성상을 비교 분석하고 고로슬래그와 플라이애시의 3성분계를 치환한 콘크리트 성상을 검토함으로서 결합재로서의 상성관계를 평가하여 향후, 대량활용을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 고로슬래그 미분말 및 플라이애시를 대체한 콘크리트의 압축강도는 재령 7일 초기강도에서는 무혼입 콘크리트에 비해 현저히 낮은 수준으로 발현하고 있으나, 28일 이후에는 무혼입 콘크리트에 비해 유사하거나 높은 압축강도를 발현하였다. 또한 고로슬래그 미분말의 대체율이 증가함에 따라 염해 저항성이 향상되는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 기존 연구결과에 따라 고로슬래그 미분말에 의해 염화물 이온이 콘크리트 표면에 고정화됨으로서 염해 저항성이 향상되는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.1229-1235
• /
• 2010

Anti-terrorism design for public buildings as well as military facilities is important to minimize the mass casualties from terrorist attacks. Also, well designed glazing and window systems can reduce the potential injury of human caused by scattering fragment of a glazing. In this paper, blast resistant design for glazing and window systems is investigated based on the U.S. Standard. The design procedures include minimum requirements for the design, standard practice for design evaluation of the glazing and standard test method for evaluation of the performance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.288-294
• /
• 1986

During the period from Mar. 1983 to Feb. 1986, 22 patients with vascular trauma were treated at Capital Armed General Hospital. 1] 11 patients had arterial injury alone, 6 patients had venous injury alone, and 5 patients had both arterial and venous injuries. 2] The mechanism of injury in these 22 patients was 7 penetrating non-gun shot wounds, 5 blast fragments injuries, 4 iatrogenic injuries, 4 blunt injuries, 2 gun shot wounds. 3] The method of 16 arterial repair was 5 autogenous saphenous vein graft, 8 synthetic vascular graft, 1 end to end anastomosis, 2 lateral suture. Midterm patency of 16 repairs was 100% within 1 months. 4] The method of 11 venous repair was 1 autogenous saphenous vein graft, 2 onlay vein patch, 2 ligation, 1 lateral suture. The thrombotic obstructions occurred in 4 repairs [36.4%], but they were resolved somewhat with heparinization. 5] Uncommon cases of false aneurysm of internal carotid artery and laceration of retrohepatic inferior vena cava were summarized.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2024

이 리뷰 논문은 복합재에 함유되어 충격파를 감쇠하는 물질에 대한 탐구를 통해 폭발로 인한 외상성 뇌손상(bTBI)에 대비하여 인적자원을 보호하는 방법을 살펴보고자 한다. 이에 더하여 복합재의 충격파 감소의 정량화를 위한 충격파의 생성과 측정에 관련된 실험적인 방법들을 알아보고자 한다. 충격파는 고에너지 폭발물, 충격관, 레이저 및 레이저-플라이어 기술과 같은 다양한 접근법을 통해 생성이 가능하다. 충격파 전파 및 감쇠의 평가는 압전, 간섭계, 전자기 유도 및 스트릭 카메라 방법을 비롯한 첨단 기술을 활용하여 진행된다. 또한 충격파 압력감쇠 특성이 알려진 폴리우레아, 이온액체를 포함한 상분리 물질을 조사하였고 복합재 구조의 구성을 통해서 충격파를 감소시킬 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 본 리뷰에서는 충격파 감쇠 물질 개발에 관한 연구를 종합하고 분석함으로써 폭발로 인한 외상성 뇌 손상에 대한 위험을 낮출 수 있는 재료적인 관점을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2019

격실 내 인명 살상확률을 계산하는 문제는 무기체계의 효과분석에 있어서 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 바닥 면이 정사각형인 직육면체 형태의 격실에서 격실 크기에 따른 인명 살상확률 100%를 만족하는 최소 화약량을 산출하는 식을 개발한다. 내부 폭발로 인해 생성된 폭풍파의 압력 이력은 고속 계산 폭압 모델로 계산하였고, 폭풍파에 노출된 인명의 살상확률은 Axelsson SP 방법론을 적용하여 계산하였다. 한 변의 길이가 5m에서 15m인 정사각형을 바닥 면으로 하는 격실 안에서 무게 20kg에서 170kg의 TNT가 폭발하는 총 176 가지의 시나리오들에 대해 시뮬레이션이 수행되었다. 선형 모델 및 화약밀도기반 모델을 개발하여 표적 격실의 바닥 면의 한 변의 길이에 따른 인명피해 100%를 만족하는 최소 폭약량을 예측하였다.