• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2019

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of interpregnancy interval on fetal outcome among women with term premature rupture of membrane in public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2017. Facility based follow up study was conducted in Southern Ethiopia public hospitals from February 30, 2017 to August 20, 2017. Among 150 observed mothers with interpregnancy interval of less two years, 46.67 % (95% CI: (7.170, 29.93) of them experienced adverse birth outcome, but among 173 women with interpregnancy interval of two and above years, 5.78% (95% CI: (7.170, 29.93) of them experienced adverse birth outcome. The odds of adverse birth outcome were more among women with interpregnancy interval of less than two years (AOR=17.899, 95%CI: [6.425, 49.859]. The effect of interbirth interval of less than two years on adverse birth outcome of newborn was increased by length labor of >=24 hours, induction of labour and cesarean section delivery. Interpregnancy interval of less than two years, in collaboration with other risk factors, is the main predictor of adverse birth outcome. Therefore especial attention should be given to mothers with birth spacing by using family planning methods to reduce adverse birth outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 1982

During the course of history, more and more reliable birth control methods have become available. Hence, to a certain degree, the possibility of avoiding any or additional children, and of spacing the family building process has arisen. The advancement of six predetermination technology, whereby couples can influence the sex of their children, gives couples, another decision variable. Assuming a rational acting couple, we present a general decision-theoretic model which describes the family building process and its optimization through maximizing the expected utility concerning the spacing, ordering, sex, and number of their children.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.832-838
• /
• 2024

Objective: The use of molecular genetic methods in pig breeding can significantly increase the efficiency of breeding and breeding work. We applied the F_st (fixsacion index) method, the main focus of the work was on the search for common options related to the number of born piglets and the weight of born piglets, since today the urgent task is to prevent a decrease in the weight of piglets at birth while maintaining high fertility of sows. Methods: One approach is to scan the genome, followed by an assessment of Fst and identification of selectively selected regions. We chose Large White sows (n = 237) with the same conditions of keeping and feeding. The data were collected from the sows across three farrowing. For genotyping, we used GeneSeek GGP Porcine HD Genomic Profiler v1, which included 68,516 single nucleotide polymorphisms evenly distributed with an average spacing of 25 kb (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). Results: Based on the results of the Fst analysis, 724 variants representing selection signals for the signs BALWT, BALWT1, NBA, and TNB (weight of piglets born alive, average weight of the 1st piglets born alive, total number born alive, total number born). At the same time, 18 common variants have been identified that are potential markers for both the number of piglets at birth and the weight of piglets at birth, which is extremely important for breeding work to improve reproductive characteristics in sows. Conclusion: Our work resulted in identification of variants associated with the reproductive characteristics of pigs. Moreover, we identified, variants which are potential markers for both the number of piglets at birth and the weight of piglets at birth, which is extremely important for breeding work to improve reproductive performance in sows.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 1994

The purpose this study was to examine parenting satisfaction and sence of competence in older mothers. The subjects consisted of 150 mothers who had children from 1 to 36 months of age. "Older" maternal age was defined as a woman at the age of 35 years or more. The results showed that older mothers' motivations for pregnancy was mostly sex preference. There was no difference in parenting satisfaction and sence of competence by motivation for pregnancy. There were significant differences in parenting sence of competence by length of parenting, birth order and sibling spacing. Changes in family relationships brought about by newborn were mostly positive.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.105-138
• /
• 2009

Although the decline in fertility rate is generally observed along the history of economic development throughout the world, the continuing decline hitting below the replacement level in Korea over the recent years gathered serious social concerns on the ground that it accelerates the process of population aging. The total fertility rate in Koreareached 2.08 in 1983, and gradually fell to the levels of 1.08 in 2005 and 1.26 in 2007. The policy debate over the role of the government has been focused mainly on the level of theoretical discussion without substantial basis on firm empirical evidence and the determinants of fertility. The objective of the paper is to empirically investigate the fertility effect of the female wage, which is understood as one of the most important determinants of fertility in Koreasince 1980 focusing on one aspect of fertility, namely birth spacing. Using the Korean National Fertility Survey conducted in 2006, I estimate a duration model of first and second births taking into account individual heterogeneity, which turned out to be an important factor to control for. Compared with previous studies in the literature on the Korean fertility, the study has an advantage of using the complete pregnancy history of women in a more representative sample. Unlike the previous studies, the analysis also deals with the endogeneity of marriage by treating a certain age, rather than age at marriage, as the time in which a woman becomes exposed to the risk of pregnancy. The study shares the common problem in the literature on birth spacing of lacking relevant wage information for respondents in a retrospective survey. I estimate the wage series as a function of the basic characteristics using the annual Wage Structure Survey from 1980 to 2005, which is considered as a nationally representative sample for wage information of employees. The results suggest that the increase in female wage by 10 percent leads to a decrease in second birth hazard by 0.56~0.92 percentage points and that the increase in spouse's wage by the equal amount is accompanied by the increase in second birth hazard by 0.36~1.13 percentage points. These estimates are more precisely estimated and of smaller magnitude than those presented by the previous studies. The results are robust to the different specifications of the wage equation. The simulation analysis based on the predicted values shows that about 17% of the change in the second birth hazard over the period 1980 to 2005 was due to the change in the female wage. Although there is some limitation in data, the results can be viewed as one estimate of the role of female wage on the recent fertility decline in Korea. The question raised by the paper is not a normative one of whether a government should promote childbearing but a positive one thatexplains fertility decline. Therefore, if there is a wide consensus on promoting childbearing, the finding suggests that the policies designed to reduce the opportunity cost of women in the labor market would be effective. The recent movement of implementing a wide range of family-friendly policies including child care support, maternity leave, parental leave and tax benefit in developed countries should be understood in this context.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.5-32
• /
• 2002

This research explores the current situation and determinants of induced abortion in Korea. Using 2000 National fertility Survey by Korea Institute of Health and Social Affairs, this study finds that induced abortion rate is rapidly declining so that the role of induced abortion in determining the level of fertility has disappeared. The fundamental reason for resorting to an induced abortion for Korean women is to avoid unwanted birth. Thus, we find that induced abortion is usually taken by Korean women for the purpose of limiting family size and spacing births as in any other countries. Premarital pregnancy and economic hardship are also important reason for taking an induced abortioin, especially for the first time abortion.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.26-40
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the scope of patient navigation studies on women's health care for maternal health and noncancerous gynecologic conditions and aimed to report the characteristics of the identified patient navigation programs. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Five electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published in English: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycInfo. There were no restrictions on the publication date and the search was completed in July 2023. Results: This scoping review included 14 studies, which collectively examined seven patient navigation programs. All selected studies were related to maternal health issues (e.g., perinatal health problems and contraception for birth spacing). Close to two-thirds of the patient navigation services were provided by women (n=9, 64.3%) and half by lay navigators (n=7, 50.0%). The majority incorporated the use of mobile health technologies (n=11, 78.6%). All of the patient navigation programs included in the review coordinated the necessary clinical and social support services to improve women's access to care. Conclusion: Patient navigation appears to be in its nascent phase in the field of maternal health. The results of this study suggest that the implementation of patient navigation services could potentially improve access to care for socially disadvantaged women and families. Furthermore, providing patient navigation services that are specifically tailored to meet women's needs could improve the quality of maternity care.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.14-31
• /
• 1988

The national family planning program in Korea, which was instituted as an integral part of the nation's economic development plans since 1962, has contributed greatly to a reduction in the fertility and population growth rate. The total fertility rate dipped from 6.0 births per women in 1960 to 2.0 in 1985, and the population growth rate rom 2.84 percent per year to 1.25 percent during the same period, while the contraceptive practice rate for the 15-44 married women increased from 9 percent in 1965 to 70 percent in 1985. Study findings indicate that the fertility reduction in the past 26 years is largely attributed to the virgorous implementation of the national family planning program, rising age at marriage, wide-spread use of induced abortion, and the changes in attitude regarding the value of children that came into being in the wake of the rapid socio-economic development over the period. Among the strengths of the national family planning program are the following : 1) a pluralistic system of program manageent with active participation of various government and voluntary organizations, 2) utilization of a large corps of family planning field workers to conduct face-to-face communication and motivation activities, 3) use of private physicians with government support to provide contraceptive services, 4) a systematic program management system including program planning of traget allocation, evaluation, and supervision with a broad MIS and award system, 5) numerous incentive and disincentive schemes for stimulating the small family norm and contraceptive use, and 6) strong commitments to the family planning program by political leaders. The new demographic targets during the Sixth Five-Year Economic and Social Development plan period(1987-91) have been set for a further reduction in the population growth rate to 1.0 percent by 1993, assuming that the TFR will decline to 1.75 level in 1995. This target is, however, not easy to achieve due to anticipated unfavorable factors like the strong boy preference, high discontinuation rates of reversible contraceptive methods, fertility termination-oriented contraceptive use, a plateau level of contraceptive practice rate that has mostly accounted for a sterilization, shortened length of birth intervals, and the changing patterns of contraceptive mix. The recent changes in contraceptive and fertility behaviors clearly indicate that the past quantity-oriented management system of the national program should be redirected toward a quality-oriented approach. Particularly, program efforts should be expanded to recruit new contraceptive users in the 20s of younger age groups, both for birth spacing and controlling their fertility since the women aged 20 to 29 account for more than 80 percent of the total annual births in recent years. In addition, the current contraceptive fee system of the national family planning program should be gradually shifted from free contraceptive services to a acceptor's charge system, and the provision of contraceptive services through the medical insurance system, which will cover the entire population by 1989, should be accelerated as a means of integration of family planning program with other health programs.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.117-132
• /
• 1982

During the period of 1962 through 1981, a total of 11. 7 million cummulative acceptors have received contraceptive services under the national family planning program. The number of annual acceptors have steadly increased from 151, 200 in 1963 to 842, 200 in 1975, and since then it has maintained the range of 600, 000 to 800, 000 acceptors per year. From the beginning of the program, the IUD had been the principal method of contraception provided by the government program until 1976, at which time the government made female sterilization services available thorough the introduction of the laparoscopy method. The popularity of female sterilization has increased very rapidly during the last few years. Out of 614, 200 program acceptors in 1981, the proportion of female sterilization and IUD acceptors were virtually the same(26.8% and 27.2% respectively). Considering various anticipated problems such as a large proportion of contraceptive users for the fertility termination and the high discontinuation rates of IUD and other traditional method, the government has emphasized the distribution of female sterilization and deemphasized condom and pill contraceptives since 1978. However, the recent service statistics has revealed that the acceptance rate of female sterilization has steadly declined since 1979. Thus, the purpose of this analysis is to review the current government policy on contraceptive distribution with emphasis of female sterilization by estimating the prospect of sterilization acceptablilty. According to the Fifth Five-Year Plan for Family Planning Program(1982-1986) the annual average target of sterilization was set up to secure 230, 000 acceptors by the government sector during the period. If the sterilization target is to be met as planned, about 80 percent of exposed women aged 30-44 will be remained as sterilized women in 1985. This means the the high acceptance rate of sterilization shown in the past years can not be expected, unless the acceptors' age of sterilization is drastically lowered below 30 years. Accordingly, the current policy on contraceptive distribution with emphasis on sterilization should be gradually changed to encourage target population to use contraceptives for birth spacing by increasing access to such contraceptives as IUDs, pills, and condoms, and to improve continuation rates through better program management system including target setting, acceptors' follow-up, supervision, and evaluation system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.107-120
• /
• 1979

In order to determine the knowledge of, attitudes to, and practice of housewives toward health care in a rural area, a survey with questionnaire was carried out with 87 housewives who were sampled randomly from 6 villages in Sudong Myun, from April 16th to 21st, 1979. The following results were obtained. 1. Of the housewives studied, 61.5% knew that B.C.G. is a vaccine for T.B prevention and 12.3% knew that D.P.T. is a vaccine for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. 2. The vaccination rate of the children under six-year of the housewives studied was: polio 83.1%, B.C.G. 75.4%, D.P.T. 66.2%, and measles 55.4% respectively. 3. The vaccination rate was higher in children in the area near from the health subcenter than in there of the area further away. 4. Out of 87 respondants, 87.5% knew one or more methods of contraception for spacing children. These were: loop 69.0%, oral pill 66.7% and condom 14.9% respectively. 5. Out of 87 respondants, 82.2% knew the methods of contraception for sterilization. These were: laparascopy 87.5% and vasectomy 16.9%. 6. Out of 87 respondants those who had experience using contraceptive methods were 70.1% and present users were 47.1%. 7. Contraception practice rate was higher in the group of housewives having middle school education or above than those having primary school education or less. 8. Functions of the health subcenter listed by respondants were: patients care 72.4%, family planning 31.0%, vaccination 23.0%, T.B. control 3.4%, health education 3.4%, infant birth delivery assistance 1.1% respectively. 9. Housewives who knew that there is a village health voluntary worker in their own village were 63.2%(55), and 58.2% of those who knew appreciated her activities. 10. Purposes of expenditure of Myun community health development funds listed by respondants were: aid for patient care 34.5%, aid for health subcenter operation 16.1%, and aid for Myun health development 6.9% respectively. 11. It seems that both of the distance from the health subcenter and the utility rate level of the village health voluntary worker are co-related to the B.C.G. vaccination rate of children. 12. It seems that both of the distance from the health subcenter and the utility rate level of the village health voluntary worker are not co-related to the rate of contraception practice.