• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 1995

Several benefits provided by white clover (Tnifoliurn repens L.) can be elevated as relationship between its morphological and physiological characteristics is clarified. The experiment was done to analyze the relationship between them in the clover with different leaf size. Individual plants of Osceola (large leaf), Grasslands Huia (medium leaf) and Aberystwyth S184 (small leaf) were grown in 15m plastic pot containing a 1:2:1 soil:sand:Promix mixture for 55 days, and then clipped to remove all fully expanded leaves every 7, 14 or 28 days. To measure the cultivar response, plants were sampled for morphological and physiological parameters on the date (0) after final harvest and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after the final harvest and then their relationship was analyzed. Osceola had greater leaf area per trifoliolate but less no. of leaves per plant to result in similar total leaf area per plant of all cltivars. Stolon length and no. of growing tips per plant declined with smaller leaf size although the result in biomass was reverse. Stolon of all cultivars showed the greatest fluctuation in total nonstructud carbohydrate during the regrowing period but nitrogen concentrations of all their fractions and dinitrogen fixation did similar patterns. Stolon and root of Osceola, moreover, were the highest ones. Biomass, stolon length and total leaf area per plant of all cultivars were positively correlated to carbohydrate concentration of all frauions and dinitrogen fixation. In Osceola relationship between nitrogen concentration of stolon and the characters showed in Osceola was positively done.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.862-879
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• 2001

The walls of all higher plants are organized as a cellulosic, fibrillar phase embedded in a matrix phase composed of non-cellulosic polysaccharides, some proteins and, in most secondary walls, lignin. At the effective utilization of plant biomass, qualitative and quantitative analyses of plant cell walls are essential. Structural features of individual components are being clarified using newly developed equipments and techniques. However, "empirical" procedures to elucidate plant cell walls, which are not due to scientific definition of components, are still applied in some fields. These procedures may give misunderstanding for the effective utilization of plant biomass. In addition, interesting the investigation of wall organization is moving towards not only qualitatively characterisation, but also quantitation of the associations between wall components. These involve polysaccharide-polysaccharide and polysaccharide-lignin cross-links. Investigation of the associations is being done in order to understand the chemical structure, organization and biosynthesis of the cell wall and physiology of the plants. Procedures for qualitative and quantitative analyses based on the definition of cell wall components are reviewed focussing in nutritional elucidation of forage grasses by ruminant microorganisms.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.190-199
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• 2017

Air-blown Gasification of coal and torrefied biomass mixture is conducted on fixed-bed gasifier. The various ratio (9:1, 8:2, 7:3) of coal and torrefied biomass mixture are used. The contents of $H_2$, CO in the syngas were increased with gasification temperature. Carbon conversion tend to increase with temperature and equivalence ratio (ER). However, cold gas efficiency showed maximum point in ER range of 0.26-0.36. The torrefied biomass showed highest cold gas efficiency of 67.5% at $934^{\circ}C$, ER 0.36. Gasification of 8:2 mixture showed the highest carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency and synergy effect.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-51
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analyze nutrients dynamics depending on biomass of Menyanthes trifoliata L., the endangered species, in a small closed-type wetland. In order to understand dynamics between Menyanthes trifoliata L. and eutrophication, causal loops and stock-flow diagram were constructed. The result of the model simulation was matched well with monitoring data (Menyanthes trifoliata L. biomass, TN, TP, DO). The model was simulated with 3 scenarios. In case of scenario 1, the initial value of biomass was 0mg/L, and the eutrophic state period was 77 days. In case of scenario 2, the initial value of biomass was 35.8 mg/L, and the eutrophic state lasted for 13 days. In case of scenario 3, the initial value of biomass was 71.6 mg/L, and the eutrophic state was nonexistent. The scenario 3 was selected as planting plan of Menyanthes trifoliata L. Through this study, planting design with an endangered plant was developed to control eutrophication in small closed-type wetland.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.647-652
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the heavy metal removal and biomass productivity in the Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) using eggshell and microalgae. The experiment was operated 6 days in the eggshell and microalgae hybrid system, and using eggshell powder and microalgae as Chlorella vulgaris. The obtained result indicated that the biomass productivity of 2.82 g/L/d from 1.12 g/L initial concentration in 6 days was reached with light transmittance of 97% at a 305 mm depth in the optical panel photobioreactor (OPPBR). The total removal efficiency of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cd was found to be 98.92%, 99.91%, 98.78%, 88.99% and 98.00% in the AMD using eggshell and Chlorella vulgaris hybrid system, respectively. Additionally, there were significant relationships between biomass and concentration of each heavy metal ($R^2$ = 0.8771, 0.8643, 0.8669, 0.9134 and 0.6277 for Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cd). These results indicated that the eggshell and microalgae hybrid system was highly effective for heavy metal removal when compared to the conventional biological process in the AMD. Therefore, the eggshell and microalgae hybrid system was effective for heavy metal removal and biomass productivity and can be applied to treat AMD in treatment plant.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the nutrient removal and biomass productivity in the wastewater using MMBR (Microalgae Membrane Bioreactor). MMBR process was combined OPPBR (Optical Panel Photobioreactor) and MBR (Membrane bioreactor). The OPPBR and MBR were operated 3 days and 9h HRT (Hydraulic retention time), respectively, using microalgae as Chlorella vulgaris. The obtained result indicated that the biomass productivity of 0.498 g/L/d with light transmittance of 92% at a 305 mm depth in the OPPBR was achieved. The total consumption of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in the MMBR were found to be 97.56% and 96.06%, respectively. Additionally, the removal of TN, $NO_3-N$, TP and $PO_4-P$ were 94.94%, 91.04%, 99.54% and 93.06% in MMBR, respectively. These results indicated that the MMBR process was highly effective for COD, BOD and nutrient removal when compared to the separate OPPBR or MBR process. The MMBR process was effective for nutrient removal and biomass productivity and can be applied to treat wastewater in sewage treatment plant.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-146
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• 2013

Torrefaction technologies convert assorted biomass feedstocks into energy-concentrated, carbon neutral fuel that is economically transported and easily ground for blending with fossil coals at numerous power plants around the world without needs to retrofit. Utilization of torrefied biomass in conventional electric generating units may be an increasingly attractive alternative for electricity generation as aging power plants in the world need to be upgraded or improved. This paper examines the economic feasibility of torrefaction in different scenarios by modeling torrefaction plants producing 136,078 t/year (150,000 ton/year) biocoal from wood and corn stover. The utilization of biocoal blends in existing coal-fired power plants is modeled to determine the demand for this fuel in the context of emerging policies regulating emissions from coal in the U.S. setting. Opportunities to co-locate torrefaction facilities adjacent to corn ethanol plants and coal-fired power plants are explored as means to improve economics for collaborating businesses. Life cycle analysis was conducted in parallel to this economic study and was used to determine environmental impacts of converting biomass to biocoal for blending in coal-fired power plants as well as the use of substantial flows of off-gasses produced in the torrefaction process. Sensitivity analysis of the financial rates of return of the different businesses has been performed to measure impacts of different factors, whether input prices, output prices, or policy measures that render costs or rewards for the businesses.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.240-246
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• 2005

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Background: Though the biomass of floral vegetation in understory plant communities in a forested ecosystem only accounts for less than 1% of the total biomass of a forest, they contain most of the floral resources of a forest. The diversity of understory honey plants determines visitation rate of pollinators such as honey bee (Apis mellifera) as they provide rich food resources. Since the flower visitation and foraging activity of pollinators lead to the provision of pollination service, it also means the enhancement of plant-pollinator relationship. Therefore, an appropriate management scheme for understory vegetation is essential in order to conserve pollinator population that is decreasing due to habitat destruction and disease infection. This research examined the diversity of understory honey plant and studied how it is related to environmental variables such as (1) canopy density, (2) horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height, (3) slope gradient, and (4) distance from roads. Vegetation survey data of 39 plots of mixed forests in Chuncheon, Korea, were used, and possible management practices for understory vegetation were suggested. Results: This study found that 113 species among 141 species of honey plant of the forests were classified as understory vegetation. Also, the understory honey plant diversity is significantly positively correlated with distance from the nearest road and horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height and negatively correlated with canopy density. Conclusions: The diversity of understory honey plant vegetation is correlated to vegetation structure and human impact. In order to enhance the diversity of understory honey plant, management of density and height of canopy is necessary. This study suggests that improved diversity of canopy cover through thinning of overstory vegetation can increase the diversity of understory honey plant species.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.619-628
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• 1995

Crude aqueous extracts from dried leaves, stems, roots, and flowers from both field grown and greenhouse grown alfalfa plants inhibited alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth. The degree of inhibition was greater in the field grown plant extracts. Flowers extract of field grown plant most inhibited alfalfa germination and seedling growth. In the concentration study, the highest concentration of extract (9.0%, w/v) significantly inhibited total alfalfa seed germination by 50% as compared to control. In partitioning study using pot hydroponic culture of plant biomass into leaves, stems, root, LAR products of LWR and SLA exhibited significant variation among four species. This result support that the inhibitory effect of autotoxic substances presenting in alfalfa tissue may be possible interference with the patitioning of biomass into leaf component relative to the total biomass produced by the alfalfa plant. Toxicity of extract was not reduced by adding activated charcoal, Dowex-50W, amberlite to the extract. Toxic substances existing in most plant tissues but mainly above ground foliage are water soluble and stable and may persist in old alfalfa fields. Thus, it is recommended to remove as much as possible of the above growth parts, especially vegetative stage, before one tries to re-establish alfalfa in former field of alfalfa.