• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 1995

• 생물정신의학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.194-197
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• 1997

Neural network models, also known as connectionist models or PDP models, simulate some functions of the brain and may promise to give insight in understanding the cognitive brain functions. The models composed of neuron-like elements that are linked into circuits can learn and adapt to its environment in a trial and error fashion. In this article, the history and principles of the neural network modeling are briefly reviewed, and its applications to psychiatry are discussed.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.94-94
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• 2019

• 생물정신의학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.32-32
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• 2022

• 생물정신의학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Pharmacogenetics is opening a new era of precision medicine in psychiatry. Drug-metabolizing enzymes are characterized by genetic polymorphisms, which render a large portion of variability in individual drug metabolism. Dose adjustment based on pharmacogenetics knowledge is a first step to translate pharmacogenetics into clinical practice. However, diverse factors including cost-effectiveness should be addressed to provide clinical recommendation. To address current challenges in pharmacogenetics testing in psychiatry, this review provides an update regarding genotyping (SNP analysis, array, and next-generation sequencing), genotype-phenotype correlations, and cost-effectiveness. The current updates on pharmacogenetics in psychiatry will provide guidance for both clinician and researchers to have a consensus in harmonizing efforts to advance the pharmacogenetics field in a part of precision medicine in psychiatry.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2012

Depression and executive dysfunction are common neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke. Patients with stroke are more predisposed to depression and executive dysfunction compared to patients with similar degree of physical disability. Both depression and executive dysfunction are also associated with poor prognosis such as high mortality and delayed recovery after stroke. Complex neurobiological and anatomical mechanisms are associated with the development of depression and executive dysfunction after stroke. Activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines is thought to be associated with onset of depression, whereas injuries in frontal-subcortical circuit are thought to be a link between depression and executive dysfunction. Early detection of depressive symptoms and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment would be helpful. In this review paper, the authors investigated 1) biological and neuroanatomical substrate for poststroke depression and executive dysfunction, 2) the relationship and common etiopathology for poststroke depression and executive dysfunction, and 3) pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment for poststroke depression. The contents of the paper are as follows : the prevalence, clinical manifestation, and biological etiology for poststroke depression, neuroanatomical abnormalities as a common etiological factor for depression and executive dysfunction, pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacological approach.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1995

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) used to be developed after a severe traumatic event. Therefore TBI usually induces acute or chronic stress reaction. I reviewed the concept, epidemiology, biological or psychosocial etiology, diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and discussed about PTSD or stress reaction after TBI. Early evaluation and management of stress reaction after TBI are important.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

Disturbances in memory are the most common problem in patients with an organic mental syndrome. Other patients with significant psychiatric disorders also often have difficulty with memory. So it is very important in the clinical practice of psychiatry to understand the biological and neurocognitive mechanisms of memory proessing, and to develop the assessment tools with which memory function can be evaluated reliably and validly. Moreover, memory researches provide an important viewpoint from which we can understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of major neuropsychiatric illnesses. This article focuses on our understanding of memory functions in clinical and neurobiological aspects. The relevant material will be presented in four parts : 1) terminologies needed in defining major stages of various types of memory processing : 2) neurochemical and neuroanatomical basis of memory processing : 3) brief bed-side screening tests and more comprehensive neuropsychological tests for the evaluation of memory function : 4) the characteristics of memory dysfunction in several major psychiatric illnesses.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2011

In medicine, general clinical practice moves in the direction of early detection and intervention for the prevention of progressive disease. In psychiatry, research in subjects with the risk syndrome for psychosis, has been conducted for the prevention of schizophrenia, known as a devastating chronic disease. The inclusion of 'attenuated psychosis syndrome', based on the results of early intervention studies, is one of the major issues in the upcoming DSM-V. Further investigations are needed to find biological markers and endophenotypes to supplement the diagnostic criteria. In the future, adoption of clinical staging is promising to overcome the shortcoming of current diagnosis of schizophrenia. In clinical practice, more concerns are needed about attenuated psychotic symptoms which might be risk signals for the transition to psychosis.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.128-140
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• 2014

Anxiety disorders are characterized by dysregulation of neuroendocrine, neurotransmitter and neuroanatomical functions. Substantial advances in research method offered new insights into the neurobiologic mechanisms in anxiety disorders. Advances in molecular biology have enabled illumination of hormone and neurotransmitters that have important roles in anxiety. The neuroanatomic circuits related to anxiety are also being elucidated by improvements in neuroimaging technology such as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. This article reviews the research data in relation to the neurobiology underlying fear and pathologic anxiety and discusses their implications for development of biological treatments for anxiety disorders.