• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.423-430
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• 2014

The purpose of this article is to present the environmental enrichment(EE) method used to improve the functional recovery and change of brain plastic in animal experimental models of stroke. In animal experimental models of stroke, the environmental enrichment is effective in altering the morphological, biochemical and behavioral characteristics of the brain and thereby improving the functional outcomes. In this review article, we address the effects of EE in achieving a functional recovery in animal experimental models of stroke, thus attempting to describe them in patients with stroke from both occupational and rehabilitation perspectives.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1481-1498
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• 2013

The SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system is highly-effective technique for NOx reduction from exhaust gases. In this study, the effects of the direction and size of nozzle and the ammonia injection concentration on the performance of SCR system are analyzed by using the computational fluid dynamics method. When the nozzle is arranged in zigzaged direction which is normal to exhausted gas flow, it is shown that the uniformity of gas flow and the NH3/NO molar ratio is improved remarkably. With the change of the ammonia injection concentration from 0.2 vol%(wet) to 1.0 vol%(wet), the uniformity of gas flow shows a good results. As the size of nozzle diameter changes from 6 mm to 12 mm, the uniformity of gas flow is maintained well. It is shown that the uniformity of the $NH_3/NO$ molar ratio becomes better with decreasing the ammonia injection concentration and the size of nozzle diameter.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2012

The influence of magnetic fields on chemical processes has long been the subject of interest to researchers. For this time numerous investigations show that commonly the effect of a magnetic field on chemical reactions is insignificant with impact less than 10 percent. However, there are some papers that point to the observation of external magnetic field effect on chemical and biochemical systems actually having a significant impact on the reactions. Thus, of great interest is an active search for rather simple but realistic models, that are based on physically explicit assumptions and able to account for a strong effect of low magnetic fields. The present work theoretically deals with two models explaining how an applied weak magnetic field might influence the steady state of a non-equilibrium chemical system. It is assumed that external magnetic field can have effect on the rates of radical reactions occurring in a system. This, in turn, leads to bifurcation of the nonequilibrium stationary state and, thus, to a drastic change in the properties of chemical systems (temperature and reagent concentration).

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.187-204
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• 1988

The present experiment was performed to investigate the acute and subacute effect of lead acetate on ultrastructural and biochemical changes in mouse diencephalon. In acute case, mouse were peritoneally injected with lead acetate at a dose of 0.26 mmole/kg body weight, and after treatment, mouse were sacrificed at time intervals of 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours. In subacute case, mouse were injected at doses of 0.07 mmoie/kg B. W. and 0.13 mmole/kg B.W. once at two days, and after treatment, mouse wee sacrificed at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks. It was observed that after acute treatment, changes composed of increased monoamine oxidase activity, $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase activity, decreased $Mg^{2+}$-APTase activity, wrinkled myelin, swollen Golgi apparatus and more dense synaptic vesicle in nerve terminal. After subacute treatment, decreased monoamine oxidase activity, increased $Mg^{2+}$-ATPase, $Na^{+}-K^{+}$ ATPase, lose of myelin, uneven mitochondrial distribution, synaptic vesicular density and edema, but at a higher dose the effect was more severe. Therefore, lead acetate caused abnormal change of diencephalon, and at a subacute, it appears metal accumulative toxicity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.490-495
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• 2002

Hemolysin (VFH) of V. fluvialis, which is a pathogenic bacteria, causing watery diarrhea with vomiting, abdominal croup, was purified. V. fluvialis was cultivated in BHI medium and the culture supematant was precipitated by ammonium sulfate. The protein was purified by chromatographies on columns of DEAE-cellulose and Mono-Q. Molecular weight of the purified VFH was estimated as 79kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimal temperature for a maximum hemolytic activity was at around 35$^{\circ}C$ and the activity was decreased at 4$0^{\circ}C$ Cytotoxicity of VFH was also investigated using RTG-2 cell line. LDH assay study showed that 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/m1 of VFH release 80% of total cellular LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) from RTG-2 cell and microscopic observation also showed the morphological change of cell.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the four week repeated toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats orally administrated with Rhus-II (water fraction of Rhus Veniciflua). In acute toxicity test, three groups (40 rats of both sex) were administrated different dosages of Rhus-II, 2 g/kg (high dosage group), 1 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg and one group (10 rats of both sex) were received by orally only saline according to the Regulation on Korea Food and Drug Administration, respectively. There was no difference in body weight change, feed intake and water consumption among different dose groups. There was no alteration in relative organ weight by the administration of Rhus-II. No death of abnormal clinical signs was observed during the experimental period. Between the groups orally administered Rhus-II and the control group, there was no statistical significance in urinalysis, hematological test or serum biochemical values. There were no gross findings at final sacrifice. There was no evidence of histopathological alteration mediated by four week treatment with Rhus-II. These results suggest that no observable effect level(NOEL) of the test orally administration was considered to be more than 2g/kg in rats under the conditions employed in this study.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.354-361
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• 1999

In this study, the effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on ischemia/ reperfusion injury were investigated on isolated heart perfusion models. Hezrts were perfused with oxygenated Krebs-henseleit solution (pH 7.4, $37^{\cire}C$) on a Langendorff apparatus. After equilibration, isolated hearts were treated with TUDCA 100 and 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ or vehicle (0.02% DMSO) for 10 min before the onset of ischemia in single treatment group. In 7 day pretreatment group. TUDCA 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight were given orally for 7 days before operation. After global ischemia (30 min), ischemic hearts were reperfused for 30 min. The physiological (i.e. heart rate, left ventricdular developed pressure, coronary flow, double product, time to contracture formation) and biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase; LDH) parameters were evaluated. In vehicle-treated group, time to contracture formation was 810 sec during ischemia, LVDP was 34.0 mmHg at the endpoint of reperfusion and LDH activity in total reperfusion effluent was 34.3 U/L. Single treatment with TUDCA did not change the postischemic recovery of cardiac function, LDH and time to contractur compared with ischemic control group. TUDCA pretreatment showed the tendency to decrease LDH release and to increase time to contracture and coronary flow. Our findings suggest that TUDCA does not ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion-reduced myocardial damage.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the stress response [ethological (operculum movement number (OMN)), hematological (hematocrit and hemoglobin), biochemical (glucose, cortisol and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT))] in red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara during exposure of different water temperature in winter season. This species (Total length, $18.56{\pm}0.34cm$) previously maintained in water temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ were transferred to 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$. During experimental period (7 days), OMN, hematocrit (Ht), glucose and GOT values were significantly high in $15^{\circ}C$ when compared to 20 and $25^{\circ}C$. Hemoglobin value was also increased at $15^{\circ}C$, but no significant differences. There was no differences in cortisol levels among the temperature groups. No fish mortality was observed during the experimental period. From these results, $15^{\circ}C$ is likely more stressful to red spotted grouper than $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. These observations confirm that red spotted grouper adapts better to temperatures between 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ during the winter season.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.303-313
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• 2006

Two kinds of sepiolite (sepiolite 1, sepiolite 2), a $500^{\circ}C$ heat treated sepiolite (sepiolite 500), and a $700^{\circ}C$ heat treated sepiolite (sepiolite 700) were analyzed for their physicochemical properties. After these sepiolites were instilled into rat lungs, the effects of these substances on lung function and biochemical changes were evaluated. In addition, the fibers in the lungs were counted and characterized after the lungs were treated for electron microscopical analysis. The lungs instilled with sepiolites increased their weight and tidal volume statistically significantly compared with the unexposed control. The numbers of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid also increased compared with the control, indicating the sepiolite induced inflammation. The heat treated sepiolites, however, did not show any toxicological differences from the untreated sepiolites. Although sepiolite showed less change in fiber atomic % compositions ( sepiolite 500, Si 0.9%, p <0.01 ; sepiolite 700, Si 3.7%, p<0.05) than chrysotile (Si 9.7%, p<0.01), the durability of the fibers in the lungs could not be determined in this subchronic experiment.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2011

Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with invasive disease aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. The major aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical and immunological responses of male Wistar rats against A. fumigatus experimentally-induced pulmonary fungal infection. Nostril experimental exposure of male Wistar rats to a high dose of A. fumigatus freeze-dried preparation for only 24 hr resulted in a significant increase in levels of catalase, nitric oxide and lipid peroxide in lung homogenates, compared to those of the control animals. However, the oxidative status of the lungs of rats challenged with killed fungus did not change significantly, except for the stimulation in the level of lipid peroxide. IgG level was significantly elevated only in rats that received two low doses of fungus, compared to unexposed animals (p < 0.005). Examining the lung of rats exposed to A. fumigatus revealed no abnormal changes, except for pus in bronchial lumen spaces and per bronchial inflammation. Histologically, large numbers of granuloma cells were evident in the lungs of challenged rats, while no granuloma formation was evident in the lungs of rats exposed to killed fungus.