• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.395-404
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• 2019

This paper investigated the changes in Hanwoo breeding farms and herds according to their farm size and farm types based on traceability data in the Hanwoo industry. The major results are summarized as follows. First, the notion that small sized farms are breeding farms and middle or large sized farms are fattening farms is wrong. The results show that middle or large farms are not only fattening cattle but also breeding female cattle. Based on cattle data for over 6 months and under the criteria of a female cow ratio of 10 and 90% using the 2/4 quarter of 2018, the results show that the ratio of fattening only farms is 5.7%, that of breeding only farms is 59.0%, and that of fattening and breeding farms is 36.1%. The ratios of fattening, breeding, and both are 13.3, 13.5, and 73.2%, respectively, for a farm size with over 100 cattle. Second, this study found that the ratio of breeding farms over total farms has been increasing continuously over the last 5 years. This trend is apparent in the middle or large sized farms. However, the birth rate of cows is relatively lower in the middle and large sized farms than in the small sized farms. Hence, we can infer that the demand for a detection system for standing estrus in female cattle will increase. Additionally, the government should prepare relevant policies to stabilize the managerial conditions of middle or large sized farms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.67-77
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• 2021

This study conducted topic modeling, association analysis, and sentiment analysis focused on text mining in order to reflect regional characteristics in the process of establishing an information plan in Chungcheongbuk-do. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that Chungcheongbuk-do occupies a relatively high proportion of educational activities to bridge the information gap, and is interested in improving infrastructure to provide non-face-to-face, untouched administrative services, and bridge the gap between urban and rural areas. In addition, it is necessary to refer to the fact that there is a positive evaluation of the combination of bio and IT in the regional strategic industry and examples of ICT innovation services. It has been confirmed that smart cities have high expectations for the establishment of various cooperation systems with IT companies, but continuous crisis management is necessary so that they are not related to political issues. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as one of the methods to specifically reflect regional changes in the process of informatization.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2019

Sedge family is second largest family in the Korean flora with more than 240 taxa, following Aster family (about 300 taxa). Although high species diversity, a very limited number of taxa has been utilized for ethnobotanical usages. In the study, previous researches on Cyperaceae ethnobotanical information are documented and analyzed for future research directions on the taxa. A total number of seven taxa has been used for medicinal, food, and material purposes: Carex boottiana Hook. & Arn., Cyperus amuricus Maxim., Cyperus esculentus L., Cyperus exaltatus Retz., Cyperus rotundus L., Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, and Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla. Underground parts such as tubers are used with medicinal purpose, and aboveground portions such as leaves and stems provide materials for various tools and foods for people and animals. They are all native to Korea, except C. esculentus, which is introduced from Mediterranean areas for anti-erosion materials. The ethnobotanical value of C. esculentus has been well recognized from ancient times, for example, starch grains in USA (excavations at the Mashantucket Pequot Reservation) and Tiger nut milk (Horchata de chufa in Spain). Among material sources, C. exaltatus has a long history in the Korean peninsula from Three Kingdoms of Korea (57 BC~668 AD). C. rotundus is distributed widely in Asia, Africa, Europe, and America, and utilized for medicines, food, and materials. In addition, Eleocharis kuroguwai is only one taxon utilized for ethnobotanical uses among fifteen Eleocharis Korean native species. The number of species with ethnobotanical uses is small in sedge family, but the family has long been utilized accompanying long human history. Cyperus papyrus L., the source of papyrus paper (Egypt in the Nile Delta), is also a member of sedge family. Sedge family has contributed to human societies in various aspects but, the cultural, botanical, ecological values of family members have been underestimated.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.565-588
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• 2019

This study aimed to understand current flora of Western Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) in Korea. Some areas that located at Paju-si and Yeoncheon-gun were selected as representative survey area (Jangdan-myeon, Deokjin mountain fortress, Ilwol peak of Mt. Seokbyeong, Imjinriver, Sunaecheon stream, Sewolcheon stream in Paju and Banjeong-ri in Yeoncheon). Through this survey, 461 vascular plant specimens were collected from April 2012 to September 2014, twice a month and from October 2014 to October 2018, once a month. These were finally classified into 96 families 305 genera 413 species 4 subspecies 41 varieties 6 forms totally 464 taxa. There are remarkable plants such as 6 taxa of Korean endemic species, 44 taxa of specified species on a floristics aspect, and 35 taxa of alien and naturalized plants (7.5%). Meanwhile, it has not been observed any endangered plant species during the activities in this area.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.1057-1069
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• 2020

For most upland crops in Korea, underground water is used to ensure an adequate water supply. Thus, surface water storage tanks are needed to supply surface water from reservoirs or streams. This study discusses the design, manufacture and monitoring of a water storage tank capable of reliably supplying water to crops and preventing the inflow of floating debris. The study was conducted in an apple orchard in Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do in Korea. Based on the water requirements of the crops and size of the orchard, a required flow volume of about 0.6 ㎥·h-1 was determined, along with a surface water storage tank capacity of 1.2 ㎥. Following a comparison with other materials, stainless steel (STS) was used to construct the water tank. The tank was designed to provide 14 hours of irrigation, enabling a small-capacity, cost-efficient tank design to be used. A surface water irrigation test was performed using the surface water storage tank. The average surface water irrigation flow rate was 0.00045 ㎥·m-2·h-1. The water quality test showed that the pH, suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) values satisfied the reference values for agricultural water. The test results showed that the surface water storage tank evaluated in this study allows for crop irrigation when there is a lack of groundwater during droughts.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) has been a significant cause of economic losses in pig farming industry since 1950s. Although transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has declined in recent years, it should not be excluded because of its characteristics; the frequency of gene mutation, the mortality in piglets, and the possibility for sudden incidence. Therefore, the herd-level monitoring of the virus is important to prevent further circulation of TGE. The aim of this study is to develop a large-scale sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with high specificity to rapidly detect TGEV in feces by using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). The TGEV specific Mabs were produced in hybridoma cells. Among the Mabs belonged to the IgG class developed by this study, the final selected 8H6, 1B7, 4G3, and 1F8 were identified to have the neutralization ability against TGEV. The sandwich ELISA was established using 8H6 as a reporter antibody and 1B7 and the reported 5C8 as a capture antibody. The developed sandwich ELISA was able to distinguish TGEV from other pathogenic diarrheal agents (porcine rotavirus, porcine reovirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), E. coli, and C. perfringens) in tissue culture as well as fecal samples. And the detection rate of TGEV in feces was 80% compared with RT-PCR. The results suggested that the developed sandwich ELISA may be useful in the herd-level monitoring for effective preventive measures due to the early diagnosis of TGEV using a large amount of samples.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.257-270
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• 2021

Since African swine fever (ASF) spread to East Asia, a fatal crisis has occurred in the global pig industry, because Asia is dominant in pig production. Although some studies conducted bibliometric analysis on ASF, few studies compared research networks, and identified subthemes by major keywords. To fill this gap, this study identified the knowledge structure network of the research, its influence, and core research themes by utilizing the bibliometric analysis of 337 ASF-related journal articles over 50 years from 1970 to 2020 on the Web of Science. The result indicated that papers are mainly published in the fields of veterinary science, virology, microbiology, infectious disease and applied microbiology, and in particular, the fields of veterinary science and virology showed unrivaled weights as they account for 73.40%. With regard to cooperative relationships, European countries such as the UK, Germany, Italy, and Denmark, centered on Spain, are actively contributing to the ASF research. China, France, Thailand, Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea are leading research cooperation, centering on the United States. In the early stage of the studies, major keywords appeared to be related to outbreaks, quarantine and diagnosis, and in the middle stage, the keywords were expanded to a wide range of pig diseases. Recently, the keywords are becoming more diverse towards antibodies, cross-border transmission and disease monitoring. Based on data on major keywords related to ASF, this study proposed discussions and implications for activating ASF research including genotype, protein, vaccine, diagnosis, defense against infection and epidemiological investigation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.267-277
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• 2022

This study investigated changes in the physicochemical and microbiological properties of fermented fish sauces based on the pacific sand lance Ammodytes personatus during fermentation according to rice koji treatments and salt contents. In total, six fish sauces were prepared, with rice koji treatment for 24 or 72 h before salt addition, and salt contents of 10 or 20%, including two controls to compare the response to different salt contents without koji treatment. The initial pH values of the sauces with koji treatments were notably lower than those of the controls. Over the 10 months of fermentation, the amino nitrogen contents of the sauces with 10% salt were higher than those with 20% salt, while the volatile base nitrogen value was also increased. In the microbial community, the initial numbers of lactic acid bacteria and mold were higher in the sauces with koji treatment than in the controls. After 8 months of fermentation, the free amino acid and organic acid contents were higher in the sauces with koji treatment than in the controls. Although the fermentation rate was affected to a greater extent by salt contents, the rice koji treatment also exerted a positive effect on the acceleration of fermentation.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.7-15
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• 2022

Recently, due to the development of AI and big data technologies following the advent of the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the emerging metaverse industry is emerging as a new business, and in particular, from this point of view, this paper analyzes the history of metaverse and the pros and cons of "Geppetto", which is the most popular in the Korean metaverse market, and aims to give an appropriate direction for future development based on this. In order to carry out this study, we first used SWOT analysis techniques as an initial enterprise analysis method to examine the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threat requirements, and derive the status of each factor. Based on the factors in each of the subsequent derivatives, we wanted to explore the TOWS development strategy and present significant implications based on this.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.557-562
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• 2022

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a mucopolysaccharide, occurring naturally in living organisms. It is one of the most hydrophilic molecules, so it has been known as being related to skin hydration and skin aging. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Cimicifuga heracleifolia ethanol extract on the hyaluronic acid synthesis and the inhibition of hyaluronidase activity. To determine cytotoxicity, hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS2) gene expression, HA production and, hyaluronidase inhibitory effects, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-ly)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, real time - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), hyaluronic acid enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (HA-ELISA), and hyaluronidase assay were used, respectively. When the Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract was treated in the HaCaT cells up to 500 ㎍/mL concentration, cytotoxicity was confirmed by the Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract at concentrations above 200 ㎍/mL. Therefore, the optimum concentration of all experiments used in this study was determined to be 200 ㎍/mL. HAS2 gene expression increased by Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract in a concentration-dependent manner at all treatment concentrations. The production rate of HA was tended to decrease at the highest concentration of 200 ㎍/mL. The hyaluronidase activity inhibition effect of Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract was very high compared to the control group. Based on these results, Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract was expected to have a moisturizing effect on human skin and special attention should be paid to the determination of the concentration of Cimicifuga heracleifolia when developing cosmetic materials using it.