• ETRI Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.268-274
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• 2008

This paper proposes an open-loop clock recovery circuit (CRC) using two high-Q dielectric resonator (DR) filters for 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s dual-mode operation. The DR filters are fabricated to obtain high Q-values of approximately 950 at the 40 GHz band and to suppress spurious resonant modes up to 45 GHz. The CRC is implemented in a compact module by integrating the DR filters with other circuits in the CRC. The peak-to-peak and RMS jitter values of the clock signals recovered from 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) data with a word length of $2^{31}-1$ are less than 2.0 ps and 0.3 ps, respectively. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the recovered clocks are quite stable and within the range of 2.5 V to 2.7 V, even when the input data signals vary from 150 mV to 500 mV. Error-free operation of the 40 Gb/s-class optical receiver with the dual-mode CRC is confirmed at both 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s data rates.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.759-765
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed fast stream cipher MS64 for use mobile that it is secure, fast, and easy to implement software. The proposed algorithm use the fast operating 213-bit arithmetic shift register(ASR) to generate a binary sequence and produce 64-bit stream cipher by using simple logical operation in non linear transform. MS64 supports 128-bit key in encryption algorithm and satisfy with the safety requirement in modern encryption algorithm. In simulation result shows that MS64 is faster than a 32-bit stream cipher SSC2 in the speed of operation with small usage of memory thus MS64 can be used for mobile devices with fast ciphering.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.9C
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• pp.817-824
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• 2006

The crest factor properties of 16-QAM modulated one- and two-code assisted multi-carrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) signals employing complementary pair as spreading sequences are characterized. It is shown that a set of relationship between the two 16-QAM symbols entirely characterize the power envelope waveforms of the signals. There exists 60 different sets of relationship, which results in 16 different crest factors as a result of various equivalent transforms on the corresponding message symbols. It is also shown that the individual crest factor corresponding to each message combination is always bounded by 3dB.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.10C
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• pp.605-613
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• 2011

In most digital communication systems over the noisy channel, some form of forward error correction scheme is employed for reliable communications. If one wants to recover the transmitted message without any knowledge of the error correcting codes employed, it is of utmost importance to figure out and reconstruct the error correcting codes. In this paper, we propose two algorithms of reconstructing linear cyclic codes from the corrupted received bit sequence, one for general linear binary cyclic codes and the other for Reed-Solomon codes. For two algorithms, we ran computer simulations and the performances are shown to be superior to those with the conventional LWM method.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.15 no.spc1
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• pp.133-145
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• 2000

Symbiotic stars are known as binary systems with both cool and hot components with enshrounding nebulous gas. The cool component, M-type giant, is presumably loosing its mass into a hot white or main sequence companion star through the inner Lagrangian point. The lines emit from the ionized nebulous region around the hot star while the mass loss or accretion activity is believed to be the main cause of sudden variation of the continuum and line fluxes. We selected 17 symbiotics for which the emission line fluxes were measured from the IUE SWP, LWR data, to find variability of spectrum. We also investigated the periodic variation of emissions or eclipsing effect from the IUE lines. All of our symbiotics show very high electron densities in the emission regions. For other optical symbiotics, the observations had been carried in 1999 with BOAO mid-resolution spectrometer. We classified symbiotics based on their outburst activities, or emission line characteristics, i.e., $OVI{\lambda}6830.\;The\;OVI{\lambda}6830$ emission lines are also found in S-type symbiotics, which have been known as charateristics of D-types.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.172-182
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• 1992

The binary classification, Yin & Yang, can be shown in our culture. Yin & Yang thinking reveals the Up/Down (Principal/Subordinate) relation in space, and Before/After relation in time, and it shows the sequence of Contrast${\to}$Reconciliation & Unification${\to}$Contrast. For example, a follower is Yin against King, while Yang as a father against his son in our trational cognitive structure. With Left/Right, Front/Rear, and Upper/Lower, In/Out division is a basic body-space term to grasp the space position. In the traditional Korean house, when we go out from the deepest 'In', Anbang to Daechung, we may call Anbang 'In' and Daechung 'Out'. When from Daechung to Anmadang reversely, we call Daechung 'In' and Anmadang 'Out'. Namely, Daechung is both 'In' and 'Out'. This is a fallacy logic in view of western basic conception. 'The In/Out Structure, system of a series of inner spaces, is defined as a transformation of cognitive structure of Yin & Yang thinking to the Korean architectural space. The space structure is one of the important deep structure in Korean society.' The concept of the space structure, apperred in east Asia, can make humane space, for it is not a physical 'type' of typepology but related to cognitive structure of human thinking, The structure is applicable to space design in modern society, for the cognitive structure exists in living culture by transformation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

In this paper, an efficient algorithm for generation do Lempel's D-homomorphism. This number of exclusive-or operations required to generate the next bit for de Bruijn sequences of order n from a de Bruijm function of order k is shown to be approximately $k(2^{W(n-k)}-1)$where W(r) is the number of one's in the binary representation of r: therefore, the number of required operations can reduced to k if the de Bruijn function is selected appropriately.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.4549-4566
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• 2017

This work presents a novel facial descriptor, which is named as multiscale adaptive local directional texture pattern (MALDTP) and employed for expression recognition. We apply an adaptive threshold value to encode facial image in different scales, and concatenate a series of histograms based on the MALDTP to generate facial descriptor in term of Gabor filters. In addition, some dedicated experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the MALDTP method in a person-independent way. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves higher recognition rate than local directional texture pattern (LDTP). Moreover, the MALDTP method has lower computational complexity, fewer storage space and higher classification accuracy than local Gabor binary pattern histogram sequence (LGBPHS) method. In a nutshell, the proposed MALDTP method can not only avoid choosing the threshold by experience but also contain much more structural and contrast information of facial image than LDTP.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1998

This study was conducted to construct of the transgenic plants wliich are resistant to oxidative stresses including ozone with B. mpestris cytosolic glutathione reductase cDNA using the binary vector system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The 1.8kb B. campestris cytosolic GR cDNA was subcloned into the unique Sma I site of the plant transformation vector pBKSI- I, downstream of the constitutive CaMV 35s promoter and upstream of the nos termination sequence, in place of the uidA (GUS) reporter gene. The resulting plant transformation vector, pBKS-GRI, was introduced into A. tumefaciens LBA4404 by two cycles of tkeze-thaw method. The B. nqus cotyledonary petioles were transformed by the Agrubaferium harboring pBKS-GRI. Transformed shoots were induced and selected on regeneration medium supplemented with kanarnycin. The shoot formation was increased remarkably by addition of Ag$NO_3$, in MS media. The transgenic plants were analyzed for the presence of the B. campestris GR gene by Southern blot analysis and it was confirmed that a foregin gene was stably integrated into the genomes of B. nqus plants.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.12
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• pp.2159-2166
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• 2016

In the IEEE 802.11 DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) protocol, the binary exponential backoff algorithm is used to avoid data collisions. However, as the number of stations increases of, the collision probability tends to grow and the overall network performance is reduced. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a data transmission scheme based on the channel reservation method. In the proposed scheme, channel time is divided into reservation period and contention period. During the reservation period, stations succeeded in channel reservation transmit their own data packets in sequence without contention. During the contention period, each station sends its data packets through contentions as in DCF. During both the reservation period and the contention period, each station sends a request for channel reservation for the next reservation period to an AP (Access Point). After receiving such a channel reservation request from each station, the AP decides whether the reservation is succeeded and sends the result via a beacon frame to each station. Performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed through simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme tends to reduce the collision probability of DCF and to improve the overall network performance.