• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.805-817
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• 2017

Cross-lingual query expansion is usually based on the relationship among monolingual words. Bilingual comparable corpus contains relationships among bilingual words. Therefore, this paper proposes a method based on these relationships to conduct query expansion. First, the word vectors which characterize the bilingual words are trained using Chinese and Thai bilingual comparable corpus. Then, the correlation between Chinese query words and Thai words are computed based on these word vectors, followed with selecting the Thai candidate expansion terms via the correlative value. Then, multi-group Thai query expansion sentences are built by the Thai candidate expansion words based on Chinese query sentence. Finally, we can get the optimal sentence using the Chinese and Thai query expansion method, and perform the Thai query expansion. Experiment results show that the cross-lingual query expansion method we proposed can effectively improve the accuracy of Chinese and Thai cross-language information retrieval.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제6권10호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2016

본 연구는 최근에 많은 관심을 받고 있는 국내 이중언어교육의 연구동향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 본 연구에서는 이중언어교육에서도 이주 부모나라 언어교육을 중심으로 문헌분석을 시행하였다. 이를 위해 국내 등재후보 이상 학술지에 게재된 총 36편의 논문을 분석하였다. 연구결과로는 먼저, 국내 다문화가정 자녀를 위한 이중언어교육에 관련된 논문은 2009년을 기점으로 나타나기 시작했고, 지금까지 꾸준히 4~6편의 논문이 있었으며 2014년에 11편(31%)으로 가장 많았다. 둘째, 대부분(75%) 관련연구 논문들이 언어학 관련 학술지와 아동교육 관련 학술지에 게재되었다. 셋째, 연구방법에서 질적연구와 양적연구방법이 비슷하게 사용되었다. 넷째, 연구대상에서 24편(67%)은 다문화가정 구성원을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 그중 10편은 부모와 자녀에 대하여 동시에 연구하였고, 9편(225%)은 부모만 연구대상으로 하였고, 5편(14%)이 자녀를 연구대상으로 삼았다. 다섯째, 연구내용에서 이중언어 교육 프로그램 31%, 이중언어 교육문제 31%, 상호작용 22%, 정책적 제안이 17%를 차지했다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구결과가 지니는 의의와 학교 및 교육기관에서 다문화가정을 위한 이중언어교육 발전방향에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to explore the degree of children's access to media and the relationship between the use of media and language development of Korean-Chinese bilingual children in Yanji, China. Questionnaires were answered by 258 4th graders and their parents. The results showed that the children had an access to a variety of media. The children's use of language(Korean/ Chinese) differed to the type of media： they had more access to Korean language in the use of newspapers/magazines, books, and radio, and to Chinese language in the use of computer. They had comparatively a balanced access to Korean/chinese language in the use of TV. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that the children's access to Chinese language in the use of media, proficiency of a parent's Chinese language, and a parent's affection were related to proficiency of the children's Chinese language. Implications are derived from the use of media in development of bilingualism.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2014

This paper provides a corpus study on subjunctives in Korean in a way of comparative semantics. The whole arguments of this paper are bolstered by distributional evidence taken from naturally occurring bitexts (i.e. a bilingual corpus), in which one sentence in a language is aligned with one translation in the other language. Since previous studies regard past tense morphology as the main component to express irrealis and uncertainty, this paper accordingly checks out whether the past tense morpheme (e/a)ss in Korean is also responsible for conveying the meaning of subjunctives. My finding is that the past tense morpheme (e/a)ss is a sufficient condition for forming subjunctives in Korean. The current corpus study verifies that the past tense morpheme is not obligatorily used in present conditional counterfactuals in Korean, unlike English. Yet, if (e/a)ss is used and the antecedent denotes a present situation, the conditional sentence can only be interpreted as conveying counterfactuality. On the other hand, wish constructions in Korean, irrespective of the semantic tense, often contain the past tense morpheme. Hence, this work substantiates Iatridou (2000)'s theory of 'fake past tense' is applicable to Korean subjunctives. The present corpus study, additionally, reveals that a conditional marker telamyen is a component of expressing past counterfactuals in Korean.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2013

The present study examined balanced bilingual children's cognitive and affective perspective-taking and compared them to that of monolingual children. A total of 133 children aged 4 to 5 years and consisting of 73 Korean-English bilinguals and 60 Korean monolinguals were tested with cognitive perspective-taking and affective perspective-taking tasks. Balanced bilinguals were screened through general language ability tests in both English and Korean. Participant backgrounds were collected through a parent questionnaire. Results showed significant differences in affective perspective-taking between bilingual and monolingual children, demonstrating that bilingual children outperformed monolingual children. Although there was no difference in cognitive perspective-taking between bilinguals and monolinguals, the result showed that children's cognitive perspective-taking ability develops with age. This study provides basic information about bilingual children's perspective-taking ability and their bilingual advantage.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2007

This paper, drawing on various secondary sources related to bilingualism and bilingual education, proposes a semi-CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) model as an initial option for Korea's ELT instruction at a primary level, with a subsequent application to a secondary level in mind. It is reported that the current pedagogy focused on early English education and communicative language teaching does not meet the needs of students' EFL proficiency. The main reasons for this are considered to lie in the social and educational environment which impedes EFL students' meaningful and authentic communication in target language. Thus, by exploring a conceptual approach to such a problem, this paper suggests a paradigm of integrating content and language for a reasonable solution.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

This paper describes several approaches to transform a speaker's individuality to another's individuality using frequency warping between bilingual formant frequencies on different language environments. The proposed methods are simple and intuitive voice conversion algorithms that do not use training data between different languages. The approaches find the warping function from source speaker's frequency to target speaker's frequency on formant space. The formant space comprises four representative monophthongs for each language. The warping functions can be represented by piecewise linear equations, inverse matrix. The used features are pure frequency components including magnitudes, phases, and line spectral frequencies (LSF). The experiments show that the LSF-based voice conversion methods give better performance than other methods.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

This study examined how early bilingual children produce sounds in their two languages articulated with the same manner of articulation but at different places of articulation. English affricates are palato-alveolar and Korean affricates are alveolar. This study analyzed the frequencies of center of gravity (COG), spectral peak (SP), and the second formant (F2) of word-initial affricates in English and Korean produced by twenty-four early Korean-English bilingual children (aged 4 to 7), and compared them with those of monolingual counterparts in the two languages. If early Korean-English bilingual children produce palato-alveolar affricates in English and alveolar affricates in Korean, they may produce Korean affricates with higher COGs, SPs, and F2s than English affricates. The early Korean-English bilingual children at the age of 4 produced English and Korean affricates with similar COGs, SPs, and F2s, and the COGs, SPs, and F2s of their Korean affricates were similar to those of the Korean monolingual counterparts. However, the early bilingual children at the age of 5 to 7 had lower COGs and SPs for English affricates with higher F2s compared to Korean affricates, and the COGs, SPs, and F2s of their English affricates were similar to those of the English monolingual counterparts.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2015

Constructing a bilingual multi-word lexicon is confronted with many difficulties such as an absence of a commonly accepted gold-standard dataset. Besides, in fact, there is no everybody's definition of what a multi-word unit is. In considering these problems, this paper evaluates and analyzes the context vector approach which is one of a novel alignment method of constructing bilingual lexicons from parallel corpora, by comparing with one of general methods. The approach builds context vectors for both source and target single-word units from two parallel corpora. To adapt the approach to multi-word units, we identify all multi-word candidates (namely noun phrases in this work) first, and then concatenate them into single-word units. As a result, therefore, we can use the context vector approach to satisfy our need for multi-word units. In our experimental results, the context vector approach has shown stronger performance over the other approach. The contribution of the paper is analyzing the various types of errors for the experimental results. For the future works, we will study the similarity measure that not only covers a multi-word unit itself but also covers its constituents.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

The present study aims to investigate neural activations according to the level of code switching in English proficient bilinguals and to find the relationship between the performance of language switching and proficiency level using ERPs (event-related potentials). First, when comparing high-proficient (HP) with low-proficient (LP) bilingual performance in a native language environment, the activation level of N2 was observed to be higher in the HP group than in the LP group, but only under two conditions: 1) the language switching (between-language) condition known as indexing attention of code switching and 2) the inhibition of current language for L1. Another effect of N400 can be shown in both groups only in the language non-switching (within-language) condition. This effect suggests that both groups completed the semantic acceptability task well in their native language environment without the burden of language switching, irrespective of high or low performance. The latencies of N400 are only about 100ms earlier in the HP group than in the LP group. This difference can be interpreted as facilitation of the given task. These results suggest that HP showed the differential activation in inhibitory system for L1 in switching condition of L1-to-L2 to be contrary to inactivation of inhibitory system for the LP group. Despite the absence of an N400 effect at the given task in both groups, differential latencies between the peaks were attributed to the differences of efficiency in semantic processing.