• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the present conditions of nursing investment contents, its conversion process, and output in Oriental University Medical Center, Korea to get good qualified Oriental nursing result which is the ultimate purpose of the Oriental nursing management, and to develope a matrix of Oriental nursing management system on the basis of that project. The subjects for nursing investment and output contents were eighteen nursing directors in eleven Oriental University Medical Center and two hundred thirty-nine nurses with three years and over experience in Oriental medical center. The subjects for Oriental nursing organization, human affair management, and control function were nineteen Oriental medical center in Oriental University Medical Center, Korea. Data were collected from November, 2002 to February, 2003 with questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS PC+ 12 program. Frequency, percentage, and minimum/maximum values were used for investment contents, and frequency and percentage were used for conversion process and output contents. 1. The input factors of oriental nursing management system The objective's western hospital career was over five years of one hundred and seventy-five(73.2%) persons. Nursing in-service education was performed in fourteen hospitals(77.8%). Two hundreds(83.7%) were pro to oriental nurse system. Only four hospitals(22.2%) had independent budget in nursing division. Nursing staff allocation to the bed was from 2.8:1 to 9.06:1 respectively, with a big gap of the rate following the hospitals. 2. The conversion factors of oriental nursing system 1) Oriental nursing system Oriental hospital nursing system was organized independently in ten hospitals among eighteen hospitals. The recruitment of nurses which was a vital role of the nursing division of the hospital was mostly(79%) opened. The education to develope nursing personnels was through in-service one in 97.4%. Education for oriental nursing and management was performed in 42.1%(eight hospitals) and that for reserves was done in 36.8%(seven hospitals). Administration for nursing education by nursing division was 68.5%(thirteen hospitals). The post education evaluation was performed by report submission in 36.8%(seven hospitals), by written examination in 26.3%, by questionnaires in 21.1%, and by lecture presentation in 15.8% subsequently. The directorial meeting for the nursing directors was attended by 84.2%(sixteen hospitals), and the meeting type was the medical executive and support division executive meeting in 55.6%(ten hospitals) and the personnel management in 39.6%(seven hospitals). 2) The actual conditions of oriental nursing personnel management The reason of working in oriental hospital was by voluntary in 67.1%(a hundred and sixty persons), by nursing department order in 28.0%(sixty-seven persons), and by others in 5.0%(twelve persons) respectively. The shift form was a three-shifts one in 94.7%(eighteen hospitals), a two-shift one in only one hospital. Duty assignment was functional in 52.6%(ten hospitals), team and functional in 26.3%(five hospitals) and no team alone. Promotion manual was present at 68.4%(thirteen hospitals) and the competency essentials comprised of performance evaluation in 79%, interview, written examination, training result, study result subsequently. No labor union existed in 79%(fifteen hospitals) 3) Oriental nursing preceptor system There were five oriental hospitals(27.7%) administering the preceptor utilization model, which showed lower rate than the twenty-two medical university hospitals in Seoul in which fifteen hospitals (72.7%) were having the system. To the question of necessity of oriental nurse system asked to the objectives of two hundred and thirty-nine with more than three year-experience in oriental hospital, two hundred persons(83.7%) answered positively. 4) The control of oriental nursing The evaluation results from the target hospitals were mostly not opened in 89.4% of oriental hospitals. Thirteen hospitals(68.3%) had evaluation system of direct managers and the next were three hospitals(15.8%) of direct managers and selves. There was one hospital(5.3% each) where fellows and superiors, fellows, and inferiors' evaluation was performed and no hospital where superiors, fellows, inferiors and selves, and superiors, fellows and selves' evaluation was performed. The QI activity of nursing was 42.1%(eight hospitals) for nursing service evaluation, 36.8% for survey of ECSI, 26.3% for survey of ICSI, 15.8% for medical visit rate, 10% for hospital standardization inspection in sequence. 3. The output factors of oriental nursing management system The job satisfaction appeared good in general, indicating very good in thirty-seven persons (15.7%), good in one hundred and fourteen persons (48.3%) and fair in eighty-five persons(36.0%).

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to reaffirm the logical framework of the saju analysis method by recreating the saju model of old-law to study and organize the theories of frame in old-law Myeongri, and then by organizing and comparing the logic structure of the saju analysis method of new-law and old-law. Some believe that Myeongri Theory first appeared in the world in the Warring States Period when they were active with Gwigokja and Naknokja as origin, while others believe that it was origin that "Okjokyeong" was written by Kwak-Bak of Eastern Jin after a while. Since then, Myeongri Theory, which had been organized by Won-Cheongang and Yi-Heojung, has undergone a major transformation since reaching the Song Dynasty Seo-Japyeong. Based on this point, the Myeongri Theory of the previous generation is called the Old-law, and the subsequent theory is called the New-law. The changes in the logic structure of the old-law and the new-law leave a big difference and disconnect between those. But comparative studies have confirmed that the philosophy and logic structure due to natural laws that have not changed much such as the symbolic system of nature called Yinyang & five elements and Cheongan-jiji, the idea of a heavenly response projected in the Three Wonders of heaven, earth and human, and the concept of generation and time in the position of year-month-day-time.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.344-348
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• 2004

This study regarded irregular life styles such as nigh-shifts as contrary to the norm advised in the rules of Yang-saeng to analyze the problems brought about in relation to the concept of 'Yin-deficiency syndrome'. Yin-deficiency survey was given to sales workers on a big shopping mall in Seoul to compare the measurements of daytime workers to those of nigh-shift workers. The measurement of complaining symptoms related to Yin-deficiency of daytime workers and night-shift workers were compared, In comparison of the daytime workers and the night-shift workers, night-shift workers showed higher measurements than the daytime workers in the item of irritable fever on the five Hearts, flushing of the zygomatic region in the afternoon, tidal fever, dizziness, insomnia, yellow and scanty urination, and constipation. Especially tidal fever, insomnia, and constipation showed statistically significant difference. The total of ten items consisting of Yin-deficiency-related symptoms showed statistically significant high score in night-shift workers than the daytime workers. 'Factors for deficiency-type Heat' consisting of irritable fever on the five Hearts, flushing of the zygomatic region in the afternoon, tidal fever, and dried mouth and throat showed statistically significant high score in night-shift workers than the daytime workers. 'Accompanying factors' consisting of night sweats, emaciation, dizziness, insomnia, yellowish and scanty urination, and constipation also showed statistically and significantly high score in night-shift workers than the daytime workers. From the above results that night-shift workers show high degree of Yin-deficiency than daytime workers, and those overworking irregularly also show high degree of Yin-deficiency than those who work for adequate amount of time regularly implies that sitting up at night for work and sleeping at daytime, excessive work, and irregular life styles all function as high-risk factor for Yin-deficiency.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.188-211
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• 2006

This study aims to empirically investigate the effects of the individual-level characteristics on their timing decisions for their enlistments even though military services are their duties under a draft system. The individual characteristics considered include five psychological factors, such as attitude, uncertainty, information search level, future expectation, and perceived risk towards army, and other several demographic variables. Measurement scales for these psychological variables are developed and a duration model for individuals' enrollment timing decisions is also proposed. The proposed model is fitted to a survey data set collected from both those who have completed military service and those who have not. The estimation results show that two of five psychological variables, negative attitude and perceived risk, and several demographic variables, including education level, income level, residence area, and the number of family members serving the army, have meaningful impacts on the timing decisions for military service. Specifically, the enlistment timings are found to be more delayed as negative attitude towards army is stronger, perceived risk on army is higher, education level is higher, academic performance is better, income level is either low or high, residence area is either Seoul or big cities, and the proportion of family members enlisted is smaller. Several important managerial implications for alleviating problems resulting from enrollment postponements are also discussed.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2014

As personal data breach reared up as a problem domestically and globally, organizations appointing chief privacy officers (CPOs) are increasing. Related Korean laws, 'Personal Data Protection Act' and 'the Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization and Information Protection, etc.' require personal data processing organizations to appoint CPOs. Research on the characteristics and role of CPO is called for because of the importance of CPO being emphasized. There are many researches on top management's role and their impact on organizational performance using the Upper Echelon theory. This study investigates what influence the characteristics of CPO gives on the organizational privacy performance. CPO's definition varies depending on industry, organization size, required responsibility and power. This study defines CPO as 'a person who takes responsibility for all the duties on handling the organization's privacy,' This research assumes that CPO characteristics such as role, personality and background knowledge have an influence on the organizational privacy performance. This study applies the part relevant to the upper echelon's characteristics and performance of the executives (CEOs, CIOs etc.) for CPO. First, following Mintzberg and other managerial role classification, information, strategic, and diplomacy roles are defined as the role of CPO. Second, the "Big Five" taxonomy on individual's personality was suggested in 1990. Among these five personalities, extraversion and conscientiousness are drawn as the personality characteristics of CPO. Third, advance study suggests complex knowledge of technology, law and business is necessary for CPO. Technical, legal, and business background knowledge are drawn as the background knowledge of CPO. To test this model empirically, 120 samples of data collected from CPOs of domestic organizations are used. Factor analysis is carried out and convergent validity and discriminant validity were verified using SPSS and Smart PLS, and the causal relationships between the CPO's role, personality, background knowledge and the organizational privacy performance are analyzed as well. The result of the analysis shows that CPO's diplomacy role and strategic role have significant impacts on organizational privacy performance. This reveals that CPO's active communication with other organizations is needed. Differentiated privacy policy or strategy of organizations is also important. Legal background knowledge and technical background knowledge were also found to be significant determinants to organizational privacy performance. In addition, CPOs conscientiousness has a positive impact on organizational privacy performance. The practical implication of this study is as follows: First, the research can be a yardstick for judgment when companies select CPOs and vest authority in them. Second, not only companies but also CPOs can judge what ability they should concentrate on for development of their career relevant to their job through results of this research. Cultural social value, citizen's consensus on the right to privacy, expected CPO's role will change in process of time. In future study, long-term time-series analysis based research can reveal these changes and can also offer practical implications for government and private organization's policy making on information privacy.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.508-528
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to analyze the classification of the hierarchy in terms of centrality and the demarcation of shopping areas in the context of goods-purchasing activity in the Kyeong-ju si area (The old Kyeong-ju city and Wol-song Kyn). The basic data for this study include mail questionnaire materials and sources by the on-the-sport survey. The main results of this study are as follows. (1) When forty-two centers within the wide Kyeong-ju area are classified into hierarchies in terms of the functional index and the number of central functions, it is confirmed that there are five hierarchies or classes. Hierachy A is the City of Kyeong-ju. Hierarchy B is the Up of An-gang. Hierarchy Cis made up of three Up of Kam-p'o, Oe-dong and Kon-ch' on. Hierachy D consist of seven Myons and two Ris. Hierarchy E is composed of one Myon and twenty-seven Ris. (2) Hierarchy A has five proper functions of the center. Hierarchy B holds eleven of them. Hierarchy C takes forty-one. Hierarchy D cherish twenty-seven. And hierarchy E has three. Therefor Hierachies C and D have the most functions of all. The threshold populations of the lowest central function is fifty-eight of miscellaneous stores in the central place of Hierarchy E (3) The purchase distance of the central functions of a center becomes farther in the order of barbers' and beauty salons, dental clinics, TV and refrigerator shops, and furniture stores. (4) When the shopping areas are classified according to goods purchase activity, they can be divided into four: the Myon, small Up, big Up, and City areas. Each shopping area can be classified into two categories: the independent areas and compoung areas. The Kyeong-ju city area is the largest city shopping areas of Po-hang and Ull-san are very small.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 2008

Chemical engineering (ChE) was conceived at the close of the 19th century as a new discipline which was designed to support then the newly-emerging industries, oil and petrochemical, by supplying the competent engineers equipped with the pertinent engineering fundamentals and skills. It helped the said industries meet the various demands and ramifications of the new pattern of the human civilization spurred by the advent of automobile transportation at the turn of the 20th century. Now ChE once again is ready to fulfill its societal responsibility as probably the most important discipline and profession in sustaining the $21^{st}$ century human civilization providing the needed engineers (ChErs) and technologies. In this study, it is attempted to analyze the role of ChE and ChErs in this context, focusing on the macroeconomic connections embedded in the discipline that allow us to envision the big pictures of the 21st century civilization where the wellbeing of the mankind invariably hinges on five essential industries, i.e., medical, pharmaceutical, energy, environment and materials. It can be argued that ChE is the only discipline that can encompass simultaneously all those five industries indispensable to sustain the 21 st century human civilization that can be termed the era of "enjoy-healthy-living-longer". It is also believed that the historical mission ChE and ChErs are supposed to fulfill now is even bigger than that they took on a hundred years ago and subsequently accomplished with remarkable success in food, clothing, shelter and entertainment industries introducing various technological innovations. The macroeconomic viewpoints are called upon in this study as were in the 2006 article (Hyun, 2006) but focusing on ChE and ChErs this time to view the connections embedded in ChE as the essential components in understanding the historical nature of the role and responsibility of ChE and ChErs. The new paradigm for ChE is also pondered over together with the frequently-cited technology concepts such as IT, BT, NT, ET and ST which are regarded intimately germane to the characteristics and perspectives of the $21^{st}$ century civilization.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-58
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• 1995

The Korean government achieved the universal coverage of health insurance in July 1989, and concomitantly introduced a new measure of regulated health care delivery system in using medical care. There are three reasons why the government took the new health care delivery system. Firstly, there was ample room for improving the allocative efficiency in the use of medical facilities. And the second one was to constrain the dramatic increase of medical demand under health insurance. Thirdly, and the most important reason was to alleviate the patient crowdedness in big general hospitals, particularly tertiary hospitals. There are essentially two different ways to control the use of health care : one is to cut the demand for health care, and the other to regulate behaviors of providers through the use of incentives/disincentives, demand-side approach or supply-side approach. The objective of this study is to examine whether or not medical care utilization behaviors under health insurance scheme have been changed among medical facilities such as clinic, hospital, general hospital and tertiary hospital in comparison with those before and after the introduction, particularly whether the patient crowdedness in tertiary hospitals has been alleviated or not. In order to conduct this study, the insurance claim data during the period of January 1989 and July 1992 were analyzed by focusing on diagnosis of both inpatients and outpatients, and especially the fifteen most frequent diseases in ambulatory care and the seven most frequent diseases in hospitalizatio. In addition, the same analyses were made on the changes in medical care utilization by specialty department. This was because the five departments, such as family medicine, ENT, eye, dermatology and rehabilitation, were exempted from applying the regulated health care delivery system in tertiary hospitals. The study revealed that a remarkable alleviation effect in the crowdness was noted for tertiary hospitals. This effect was most conspicuous for the most frequent mild diseases of both inpatient and outpatient care. For example, the fifteen most frequent OPD care at tertiary facilities have decreased as much as by 40%, of which 34% belonged to the cut in initial visits. Meanwhile, the proportion of those who used general hospitals and private practitioner's clinics have increased due to the shift of patients. The cases from the five special departments were also decreased, but not so much as other departments. A problem was noted that, as time passed by, the decreasing tendencies of crowdness at tertiary hospitals due to the regulated system became slightly smaller. Therefore, through complementary remedies are needed for the future implementation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

There are approximately 25,724 shelters to which people can be quickly evacuated for safety in case of emergency across the nation, and Seoul has about 3,870 shelters. Those nationwide shelters are located at a point within a five-minute radius for quick evacuation. Seoul's shelter capacity can hold 285% of its population. The problem is, however, that there is no knowing how many shelters are reachable within five minutes when considering walking speed according to individual differences in age, height, health state, and physical condition. In addition, available service areas become different according to the spatial allocation and distribution of shelters with possible vulnerable points. This study thus defined the pedestrian walking speed at 1m/s, 1.3m/s, and 2m/s by reviewing previous studies and conducted network analysis of the Location Allocation Model with the designated shelters and road networks in Seoul. The results identified the shelter service and vulnerable areas in each administrative district of Seoul according to walking speeds. It was analyzed that the vulnerable areas in which the elderly could not reach a shelter were more than twice as big as those of adult men and women with a fast walking speed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine community residents' knowledge level and related factor on electronic wave in order to provide basic data for development of education and publicity program. 2,000 people, who lived in five big cities and five small and medium cities, were selected ad subjects of this study. The data were collected from May 1, 200 I to August 31, 2001. The results of this study are as follows. According to the average knowledge level of harmful affect of electronic wave on health in general characteristics, female was higher(37.40 ± 5.24 points) than male; ‘forties’ was highest(37.77 ± 5.69 points); ‘married spouse’ was high(36.84 ± 5.59 points); ‘living in small-ta-medium city’ was high(36.84 ± 5.32 points). ‘university graduate’ was highest(37.41 ± 5.32 points) in education level, ‘middle class’ was high(36.61 ± 4.96 points) in economic status, ‘professional technician’ was higher(36.68 ± 6.55 points) than other occupations in occupational type. According to the knowledge level of harmful affect of electronic wave on health in health condition by self-judgment, ‘good health condition’ was highest(36.77 ± 4.99 points). In the case of the knowledge level of those who visited medical institutions for last one year, ‘never visited’ was highest(37.19 ± 5.02 points). In the kind of medical institutions, ‘those who visited general hospital’ was highest(36.58 ± 5.63 points). In the way of knowledge obtainments of electronic wave through education and publicity media, ‘school education’ was highest(37.55 ± 5.19 points). According to the score of awareness level of disease incidence related to electronic wave, allergy and erethism was highest(57.8 points on the basis of 100 points). It appeared in order of leukemia, skin disease or skin cancer, dementia, various cancers, cataract, and brain tumor. The variables which significantly influenced knowledge level of harm of electronic wave were knowledge obtainments of electronic wave, age, economic status, daily TV watching period, sex, period of daily cellular phone use, period of working with computer, and daily VTR watching period. The knowledge of community residents concerning harmful affect of electronic wave on health is needed because people's opportunity of exposing to electronic wave is increasing. Especially, it is the demands of the times to provide information on knowledge of each equipment which generate electronic wave. The government, the product manufacturing companies, related social organizations, and education institutions must make efforts to develop the education program which is needed to make people have right knowledge and attitude.