• 한국항만학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2000

This study aims to analyse the coefficient used to estimate the quay capacity per year at the container terminal. The capacity of the container terminal is composed of the capacity at the quay side and the other working conditions at the back of the quay side. But when we refer the capacity of the container terminal, generally we used capacity as that of the container terminal. To estimate the quay capacity independently of the working conditions at the back of quay side, we calculate the quay capacity as th product of working hours per year, productivity of container crane and relate other coefficients, such that berth utilization, crane utilization and efficiency. So that coefficients are properly defined to reflect the other working conditions. If we calculate the quay capacity by the product of working hours modified by the berth utilization and crane productivity modified by the crane utilization and efficiency, the meaning of that coefficients must be strictly defined. So there could be no confusion to apply that coefficients to calculate the quay capacity. In this study, we exclusively define the meaning of the berth utilization, crane utilization and efficiency according to the internal-meaning of thats in the function to calculate the quay capacity. And compare each coefficients by decomposing the working hours at the terminal.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2000년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.95-99
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• 2000

The domestic ports become less competitive for the out of dated equipments and inefficient information system. Specially, Inchon Port, which is the second largest port of Korea, has the point at issue such as the excessive logistics cost because of the limit of handling capacity and the chronic demurrage. In this paper to develope the simulation programs the basic input parameters such as arrival intervals, cargo tons, service rates are analyzed and the probability density functions for there variable are estimated. Also to perform the conception of continuous berth utilization, the berth and cargo classification is reconstructed. And the more actual simulation is realized by using more detailed depth representation of water The simulation model is executed based on the knowledge base and database, and is constructed using Visual Basic and Access database. Simulation results reveal that this study suitably reflect the real berth operation and waiting time of ships is shortened.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.12-16
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to develop a knowledge-based real-time decision support system to support decision makers for efficient berth operation of Inchon Port. In these days, the efficient berth operation has been many studied. The berth operation rules differ from port to port and the problem is highly dependent on natural, geographical and operational environment of port. In Inchon Port, the ship's entrance into port and departure from port is extremely affected by the status of dock and berth because of capacity restriction. First, we analyzed the specific characteristics of Inchon Port such as dock based on the data of 1997. And then, we construct the database of experts knowledge for berth utilization. Finally, we build the real-time decision support system for the efficient berth operation of Inchon Port to make the better berth allocation in case of not only regular scheduling but also dynamic scheduling such as delay in berth operation and exchange of ship between berths. The DSS is developed with graphic user interface(GUI) concept to help the user determining user interactive updating of the port status. Then this DSS will be provide decision maker with an efficient and fast way to berth allocation, and reduce wastes of time, space, and manpower in Inchon Port operation.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권5_4호
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• pp.1173-1183
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• 2023

한국의 전체 수출입 물동량은 지난 20여년 동안 연평균 약 5.3%씩 증가하였고, 약 99%가량의 화물이 여전히 해상을 통해 운송되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 최근 해상 물동량 증가, 코로나 및 전쟁 등의 이유로 해상 물류가 혼잡해지고 예측이 어려워지고 있어 지속적인 항만의 모니터링이 중요하다. 다양한 지상 관측 시스템과 automatic identification system (AIS) 정보를 이용하여 항만을 모니터링하고 항만 내 컨테이너 터미널의 효율적 운영과 물동량 예측을 위한 많은 선행 연구가 진행되었다. 하지만, 소형 무역항이나 개발도상국의 무역항의 경우 대형 항만에 비해 환경 문제와 노후화된 인프라 등의 이유로 항만을 모니터링하기에 어려움이 있다. 최근 인공위성의 활용성이 높아짐에 따라 광범위하고 접근하기 어려운 지역에 대해 위성 영상을 이용하여 지속적인 해상 물동량 데이터 수집 및 해양 감시체계 구축을 위한 선행 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 고해상도 위성영상을 이용하여 부산 신항을 대상으로 항만 내 컨테이너 터미널에 존재하는 선석에 정박한 선박을 육안으로 탐지하고 선석 활용률을 정량적으로 평가하고자 한다. 국토위성, 아리랑위성 3호, PlanetScope, Sentinel-2A를 이용해 항만 내 선석에 정박하고 있는 선박을 육안으로 탐지하였고 선석에 정박 가능한 전체 선박의 수를 이용하여 선석 활용률을 산출하였다. 산출 결과 2022년 6월 2일의 경우 0.67, 0.7, 0.59로 변화하는 것을 보였으며, 영상 촬영 시각에 따라 선박의 수가 변화한 것으로 확인되었다. 2022년 6월 3일의 경우 0.7로 동일한 것으로 나타났고 이는 선박의 종류는 변화하였으나 촬영 시각에 선박의 수는 동일한 것으로 확인이 되었다. 선석 활용률은 값이 클수록 해당 선석에서의 작업이 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 것을 의미하고 있으며, 이는 선석이 혼잡하여 정박지에서 대기하고 있는 다른 선박의 대기시간이 길어지고 운임료가 증가할 수 있기 때문에 선석 활용률을 이용하여 기초적인 새로운 선박 운항 계획 수립에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. 선석에서의 작업시간은 수시간에서 수일이 소요되는데 영상의 촬영 시간 차이에 따른 선석에서의 선박의 변화율을 산출한 결과 4분 49초의 시간차이에도 선박의 변화가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 관측 주기가 짧고 고해상도 위성영상을 모두 이용한다면 항만내 지속적인 모니터링이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 항만 내 선박의 변화를 최소 시간 단위로 확인할 수 있는 위성 영상을 활용하면 항만 관리가 이루어지지 않는 소형 무역항이나 개발도상국의 무역항 등에서도 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2008

P제철은 수심, 하역장비 및 야드와의 Belt Conveyer 연결 가능성 등에 따라 3만톤급이 접안 가능한 선석에서부터 25만 톤급 선박이 접안 가능한 선석을 각각 운영하고 있다. 또한 3만톤급에서 25만 톤급의 Bulk선을 운영하고 있는데, 해상운임을 줄이기 위해 15만톤 이상의 대형선 배선비율을 증가하여 왔다. 그리고 선형별 흘수 및 선폭에 따라 접안 가능한 선석이 제한되기 때문에 대형선의 배선비율 증가는 특정 선석의 선석점유율 증가 요인이 되고, 선석점유율이 증가하면 결과적으로 대형선의 대기시간이 증가하여 체선료가 증가한다. 일반적인 대기이론에서 선석점유율이 일정 수준이 이상이 되면 대기시간이 급격이 증가하지만, P제철 원료부두의 경우 부두운영 및 선석운영 계획을 직접 수행함으로써 선박도착 및 하역생산성의 변동성이 적고 선박도착이 정시성이 확보되어 선석점유율 증가에 따른 선박대기 시간이 일반 대기이론에서 언급하고 있는 것보다 증가율이 낮다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.39-49
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• 1995

Recently, the traffic volume has been greatly increased partly because of high growth rate of domestic and world economy, and partly because of increased transhipment demand resulting from the destruction of Kobe port by earthqwake early this year. So, container facilities in Pusan Port are under serious congestion. The congestion costs in connection with container traffic in Pusan Port is estimated to be 29.3 billion won in 1994. In 1995 the situation is still worsening. PECT has continued to grow annually by 35% in cargo handling exceeding more than 31% of the total container volumes handled in Korea. The BOR of container berths in PECT in 1994 is 75% reflecting extreme congestion in container traffic. The reason for such serious congestion in PECT is the shortage of container handling facilities in comparison with ever-increasing cargo traffic. In order to solve the provisional problem, the shortage of handling capacity, a model developed to optimize the operation of PECT is described and demonstrated. The model minimizes total port costs, including the costs of dock labour, facilities and equipment, ship, containers, and cargo. The object of this study is, through the model results, mainly to determine the optimal combination of berths and cranes under various circumstances and to show that total costs per ship or unit of cargo served can be reduced by increasing the number of cranes per berth and berth utilization above present levels. Eventually, the results obtained with this model in PECT suggest that increase to 3 in the number of cranes per existing berth could reduce the need for major investments in berths and even reduce operating costs.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

Rapid change in the technological environment of marine transportation and the development of the ocean shipping industry have fostered a revolution in the port system. This in turn has caused major changes in the function and use of port in Korea. Aside from this, Mokpo Port, however continues to decline, because the existing port facilities and related subsystem are already obsolete with no chance of regaining operational effectiveness and treatment for proper implementation. Although a few studies have been done on the Mokpo Port, has not been found, any reseach for the analytical approach to the transportation system of it. This paper aims to make an extensive analysis of the physical distribution system in Mokpo Port focusing on the coordination of subsystems such as navigational aids system. The base of introduced simulation tool here is the queueing theory. The overall findings are as follows: 1. Among those vessels called at Mokpo Port in 1994, 556 ships(2,736,669 G/T) are oceangoing while 8155 ships(2,587,217 G/T) are domestic. The average size of oceangoing vessels is 4,922,1 G/T, and the domestic is 317,8 G/T. The average arrival interval and service time of the domestic vessels are 6.0 hours and 24.1 hours respectively marking the berth occupation rate over 100%. Those for oceangoing vessels are 34.5 hours, 120.0 hours and 37.2%. In order to maintainin the berth occupation rate to 70% the capacity considering the 1994 of domestic piers must be extended to 145% and oceangoing vessels must be increased to 165%. 2. The capacity of approaching channel is enough to handle the total traffic volume of 3. Tugs are sufficiently being provided to handle all ships requiring their services 4. The capacity of storage and inland transportation systems are sufficient to handle the throughput and the yard stroage utilization rate of No.1 - No.5 is 4.5% and No.6 is 30% of 1993's. 5. The utilization rate of LLC(Level Looping Crane) and PNT(PNeumaTic) are 2.7% and 18.8%, respectively.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1998년도 추계학술대회논문집:21세기에 대비한 지능형 통합항만관리
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• pp.323-329
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• 1998

In Pusan port, the studies, which analysis container cargo volumes by using forecasting methods and research about container logistics system, etc., have been continuously performed. But, in Pusan port, this study on an evaluation of traffic congestion has been scarcely performed until now. Especially, when changing and extending a berth, and constructing a new port, it is very important to examine this field. And it should be considered. Thus, this paper aims to analysis the effect of ship traffic condition in 2011, to evaluate marine traffic congestion, according to changing ship traffic volumes in Pusan port. To analysis it, we used simulation method and examined the results

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2000년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.105-109
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• 2000

인천항은 우리나라 제 2의 수,출입항임에도 불구하고 지리적, 자연적 특성상 갑문이라는 조수간만의 차를 극복하기 위한 시설과 매우 다양한 화물의 취급으로 만성적인 체선·체화의 문제를 안고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 인천항을 대상으로 항만운영의 기본인 선석배정문제를 기존 연구를 바탕으로 실제 인천항 운영에 있어서 행해지고 있는 선석의 연속관리측면과 전문가의 경험으로 축적된 비공식적인 규칙을 보다 면밀히 조사하여, 공식적인 인천항 배정규칙과 더불어 개선된 실시간 의사결정지원시스템을 구축하고자 한다. 특히 동일 하역사의 이웃한 선석을 하나의 선석군으로 묶어 연속으로 선박을 접안하는 사항과 사용자의 임의수정사항과 동적인 상황을 시스템에 반영함에 있어서 사용자 인터페이스를 강화하여 구축, 개발하였다.

• 산업공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2001

This paper describes the simulation study which estimates the container crane efficiency in container terminal. In most simulation studies, it is assumed that container cranes are available at any time. Though the failures of container cranes don't occur often, they are very serious problems on terminal efficiency. As usual, the failures of container crane cause arrived ships to delay the departure time. In this study, a queueing simulation model for container terminal, which focuses on the failures of container cranes, is designed. The simulation approach appears to be the most appropriate one because it allows to avoid the usual exponential assumption on interarrivals of ships and service times of container cranes. Using the developed model, we tested the efficiency of container cranes considering failures with a real system size and performed the simulation experiment on real container terminal to validate the developed simulation model. The results of simulation experiment were analyzed using output statistics, which include the waiting times of vessels and yard tractors, the utilization for container cranes, and the berth occupancy rates.