• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bentonite, Montmorillonite

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Polypropylene Reactive Nanocomposites with Functional Nanoclays

  • Phandee, Atinuch;Magaraphan, Rathanawan;Nithitanakul, Manit;Manuspiya, Hathaikarn
    • Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2006.10a
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    • pp.280-280
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    • 2006
  • Na-bentonite (local clay mineral) and Na-montmorillonite were treated with quaternary alkylammonium cations. The effect of the molecular structure and functional groups of the surfactants on the organoclays was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). For the preparation of nanocomposites, organoclays were melt-blended with polypropylene in a twin screw extruder and $Surlyn^{(R)$. ionomer was used as a reactive compatibilizer. The clay dispersions in the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD spectra showed no peak at low angle indicated that the silicate clay layer has a nearly exfoliated dispersion in the polymer matrix. Thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were higher than those of PP.

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Synthesis of Organo-montmorillonite by Intercalation Reaction and its Kinetic Study (Intercalation 반응에 의한 Organo-montmorillonite의 합성 및 반응속도 연구)

  • 김창은;최진호;형경우
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 1984
  • A stable intercalation complex was formed by adsorption of alcanol (ROH, R; $C_{10}H_2$, $C_{12}H_{25}$, $C_{14}H_{29}$) on the surfaces of Yongil bentonite in which the interlayer cation had been exchanged by n-decylammonium ion $(C_{10}H_{21}NH_3^+)$ The layer charge density calculated from the increaments of basal spacings was 0.34 per unit chemical formula. Thermochemical properties of synthesized $C_{10}H_{21}NH_3^+$ montmorillonite were studied by means of DSC, TGA, DTG, Thermal analysis showed two steps of desoption behavior of $C_{10}H_{21}NH_3^+$ ion namely nonyl $(CH_3(CH_2)_8$ decomposition reaction of 40$0^{\circ}C$ and methyleneammonium decomposition reaction of 78$0^{\circ}C$ The activation energy of nonyl decomposition reaction of $C_{10}H_{21}NH_3^+$ -montmorillonite respectively.

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Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Domestic Bentonite and Zeolite as Candidate Materials for a Engineered Barrier in a Radwaste Repository (방사성폐기물 처분장 공학방벽 재료로서의 국산 벤토나이트 및 제올라이트에 대한 물리화학적 특성 평가)

  • 정찬호
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.89-100
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to assess the physicochemical properties of domestic bentonites and zeolites from Tertiary Formation as the candidate material for a engineered barrier of a radioactive waste repository. Natural bentonite and zeolite samples were collected from nine bentonite mines and six zeolite mines in Yeonil-Gampo area. The commercial products of bentonite and zeolite were obtained from local companies. The collected samples were investigated to study the following physicochemical properties: X-ray diffraction patterns, swelling, cation exchange capacity(CEC), specific surface area, montmorillonite content, pH, organic carbon content, thermal property, microstruciure and chemical composition. Based on the physicochemical properties of bentonite and zeolite, the bentonites from U-41 and G-46 mines and the zeolites from Daedo and Y-1 mines are regarded as the most desirable candidate materials.

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Bacteriophage removal in various clay minerals and clay-amended soils

  • Park, Jeong-Ann;Kang, Jin-Kyu;Kim, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Song-Bae;Yu, Seungho;Kim, Tae-Hun
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 2015
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the bacteriophage removal in various clay minerals and clay-amended soils. Batch experiments in kaolinite, montmorillonite, and bentonite showed that kaolinite was far more effective at the MS2 removal than montmorillonite and bentonite. In kaolinite, the log removal increased from 0.046 to 2.18, with an increase in the adsorbent dose from 0.3 to $50g\;L^{-1}$, whereas the log removals in montmorillonite and bentonite increased from 0.007 to 0.40 and from 0.012 to 0.59, respectively. The MS2 removal in kaolinite-amended silt loam soils was examined at three different soil-to-solution (STS) ratios. Results indicated that the log removal of MS2 increased with an increase in the kaolinite content and the STS ratio. At the STS ratio of 1:10, the log removal of MS2 increased from 2.33 to 2.80 with an increase in the kaolinite content from 0% to 10% in kaolinite-amended soils. The log removals of MS2 at the STS ratios of 1:2 and 1:1 increased from 2.84 to 3.47 and from 3.46 to 4.76, respectively, with an increase in the kaolinite content from 0% to 10%. Results also indicated that the log removals of PhiX174 and $Q{\beta}$ in kaolinite-amended soils were similar to each other, but they were far lower than those of MS2 at all the kaolinite contents. The log removal of PhiX174 increased from 0.16 to 0.32, whereas the log removal of $Q{\beta}$ changed from 0.17 to 0.22 with an increase in the kaolinite content from 0% to 10%.

Characterization of the Purified Ca-type Bentonil-WRK Montmorillonite and Its Sorption Thermodynamics With Cs(I) and Sr(II)

  • Seonggyu Choi;Bong-Ju Kim;Surin Seo;Jae-Kwang Lee;Jang-Soon Kwon
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.427-438
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    • 2023
  • Thermodynamic sorption modeling can enhance confidence in assessing and demonstrating the radionuclide sorption phenomena onto various mineral adsorbents. In this work, Ca-montmorillonite was successfully purified from Bentonil-WRK bentonite by performing the sequential physical and chemical treatments, and its geochemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, cesium-saturation method, and controlled continuous acid-base titration. Further, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption properties of Cs(I) and Sr(II) onto the homoionic Ca-montmorillonite under ambient conditions, and the diffuse double layer model-based inverse analysis of sorption data was performed to establish the relevant surface reaction models and obtain corresponding thermodynamic constants. Two types of surface reactions were identified as responsible for the sorption of Cs(I) and Sr(II) onto Ca-montmorillonite: cation exchange at interlayer site and complexation with edge silanol functionality. The thermodynamic sorption modeling provides acceptable representations of the experimental data, and the species distributions calculated using the resulting reaction constants accounts for the predominance of cation exchange mechanism of Cs(I) and Sr(II) under the ambient aqueous conditions. The surface complexation of cationic fission products with silanol group slightly facilitates their sorption at pH > 8.

A Study on the Characteristics of Bentonites Produced in Korea (한국산 Bentonite의 특성(特性)에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究))

  • Lee, Jae-Suk;Jung, Pil-Gyun;Choi, Dae-Ung
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 1977
  • This study has been conducted to identify physico-chemical and clay mineralogical characteristics of bentonites produced in Korea for the purpose of finding good quality bentonite for agricultural ure. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Bentonites are mainly composed of montmorillonite developed from tuffs in a lava flow. 2. Chemical properties of bentonites are: pH in $H_2O$(1:1), 7:cation exchange capacity, 60-96me/100g; content of $SiO_2$, 54-72%; ratio of $SiO_2$ to $Al_2O_3$, 4.1-10.0;oven dry loss of $H_2O$ is higher than the ingnition loss of $H_2O$. 3. The x-ray diffrection patterns of powder bentonites show peaks at $14-15{\AA}$, $4.4{\AA}$, and $2.5{\AA}$, and that of swellen one show $17{\AA}$ when treated with ethylene glycol. 4. Distribution areas of the good quality bentonites were (1) Dogu-Dong, Donghae-Myeon, Yeonil-Gun, Gyeongsangbug-Do (2) Hamyeon-Ri, Yangnam-Myeon, Weolseong-Gun, Gyeongsanbug-Do. (3) Joam-Ri, Gangdong-Myeon, Weolseong-Gun, Gyeongsangbug-Do. (4) Sanha-Ri, Gangdong-Myeon, Ulju-Gun, Gyeongsangnam-Do. (5) Sinhyeon-Ri, Gangdong-Myeon, Ulju-Gun, Gyeongsangnam-Do. (6) Yonghang-Ri, Pyeongchang-Myeon, Pyeongchang-Gun, Gangweon-Do.

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A study on the Evaluation of Permeability and Structure for Calcium Bentonite-Sand Mixtures (칼슘 벤토나이트-모래 혼합차수재의 투수 및 구조 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Yun, Seong Yeol;An, Hyeon Kyu;Oh, Minah;Lee, Jai-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2019
  • This study was intended to evaluate the water permeability and structure for calcium bentonite-sand mixtures to utilize calcium bentonite as a liner. This study conducted physico-chemical properties tests, compaction tests, permeability test and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis (SEM) analysis. It was found the higher the ratio of calcium bentonite, the lower the dry density with coefficient of permeability, and the higher the optimum moisture content. In particular, SEM analysis was found the higher the ratio of calcium bentonite, the higher the area of the montmorillonite particles. In conclusion, the optimum coefficient of permeability that finds the landfill liner condition (must be less than $1{\times}10^{-7}cm/sec$) was obtained when the ratio of calcium bentonite was 40% or higher. These findings may improve the understanding of the calcium bentonite as a liner. Calcium bentonite shows a similar permeability to sodium bentonite 7% when mixed at 40% or more. Therefore, it is considered that calcium bentonite can be utilized as a liner.

Effect of curing temperature on the properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag-cement bentonite slurry

  • Kim, Taeyeon;Lee, Bongjik;Hong, Seongwon
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.237-247
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    • 2022
  • To investigate the curing temperature effect on the engineering properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag-cement bentonite (GGBS-CB) slurry for cutoff walls, the laboratory experiments including the setting time, unconfined compressive strength, and permeability tests were carried out. The mixing procedure for GGBS-CB slurry was as follows: (1) montmorillonite-based bentonite slurry was first fabricated and hydrated for four hours, and (2) cement or GGBS with cement was added to the bentonite slurry. The dosage range of GGBS was from 0 to 90 % of cement by mass fraction. The GGBS-CB slurry specimens were cured and stored in environmental chamber at temperature of 14±1, 21±1, 28±1℃ and humidity of 95±2% until target days. The highest average temperature of three seasons in South Korea was selected and used for the tests. The experimental results indicated that in early age (less than 28 days) of curing the engineering properties of GGBS-CB slurry were primarily affected by the curing temperature, whereas the replacement ratio of GGBS became a main factor to determine the properties of the slurry as the curing time increased.

Effect of Electrolytes on Rheological Properties of Young-Il Bentonite Suspension

  • Shin, Wha-Woo;Lee, Kwang-Pyo
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 1985
  • Dependence of the flow behavior of aqueous suspension of Young-Il bentonite on the concentration and the type of electrolytes was studied. Viscosity measurements were made was Rion Viscotester, using No. 3 rotor at 62.5 R. P. M. at 25.deg.C. As electrolyte concentration increased, the apparent viscosity was observed to increase. Changes in viscosity were in general agreement with predicted results based on the Hofmeister sequence and the Schulze-Hardy rule. The observed electrolyte effect on the apparent viscosity was discussed in terms of the Verwey-Overbeek theory.

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Mineralization Environments and Evaluation of Resources Potentials for the Absorbent-functional Mineral Resources Occurred in the Coal-bearing Formation of the Janggi Group (장기층군의 함탄층에서 산출되는 흡착기능성 광물 자원의 부존 환경 및 자원잠재성 평가)

  • Noh, Jin-Hwan
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.19 no.3 s.49
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    • pp.197-207
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    • 2006
  • In the coal-bearing formations of the Janggi Group, which are reported as typical clastic sediments, several beds of volcaniclastic rocks are actually found in the Yeongil area. The coal-bearing formations generally exhibit alternating lithologic characteristics of pyroclastic and epiclastic sedimentary facies. Tuff and tuffaceous sandstone rich in pumice fragments are characteristic in the coal-bearing fermations. Diagenetic minerals found in the pyroclastic rocks of the upper and lower coal-bearing formations are montmorillonite, clinoptilolite, opal-CT, and quartz. Several tuffaceous beds correspond to the low-grade ores of zeolites and bentonite, and moreover, these ores mostly occur as thin beds less than 1 m in thickness. Thus, the potential of altered tuffaceous rocks as the resources typical of zeolite and bentonite seems to be low. However, based on mineral composition and CEC determinations, it can be evaluated that these tuffaceous rocks mostly have the promising potential for utilization as the absorbent-functional mineral resources such as acid clays, if these low-grade ores plus adjacent tuffaceous rocks are collectively exploited.