Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society (한국지반신소재학회논문집)

Korean Geosynthetics Society (한국지반신소재학회)
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A study on the Evaluation of Permeability and Structure for Calcium Bentonite-Sand Mixtures

칼슘 벤토나이트-모래 혼합차수재의 투수 및 구조 특성에 관한 연구

  • Yun, Seong Yeol (Department of Environmental engineering, The University of Seoul) ;
  • An, Hyeon Kyu (Department of Environmental engineering, The University of Seoul) ;
  • Oh, Minah (Department of Environmental engineering, The University of Seoul) ;
  • Lee, Jai-Young (Department of Environmental engineering, The University of Seoul)
  • Received : 2018.12.20
  • Accepted : 2019.05.03
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

This study was intended to evaluate the water permeability and structure for calcium bentonite-sand mixtures to utilize calcium bentonite as a liner. This study conducted physico-chemical properties tests, compaction tests, permeability test and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis (SEM) analysis. It was found the higher the ratio of calcium bentonite, the lower the dry density with coefficient of permeability, and the higher the optimum moisture content. In particular, SEM analysis was found the higher the ratio of calcium bentonite, the higher the area of the montmorillonite particles. In conclusion, the optimum coefficient of permeability that finds the landfill liner condition (must be less than $1{\times}10^{-7}cm/sec$) was obtained when the ratio of calcium bentonite was 40% or higher. These findings may improve the understanding of the calcium bentonite as a liner. Calcium bentonite shows a similar permeability to sodium bentonite 7% when mixed at 40% or more. Therefore, it is considered that calcium bentonite can be utilized as a liner.

본 연구에서는 칼슘 벤토나이트를 차수재로 활용하기 위해 칼슘 벤토나이트-모래 혼합물의 투수특성 및 구조를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 칼슘 벤토나이트와 모래에 대한 기본적인 물리 화학적 특성 분석, 다짐시험, 투수시험 및 전자주사현미경 분석(SEM)을 진행하였다. 칼슘 벤토나이트의 혼합 비율이 증가함에 따라 칼슘 벤토나이트-모래 혼합물의 건조 밀도, 투수계수는 낮아지고 최적함수비는 증가하였다. 특히, 전자주사현미경 분석은 칼슘 벤토나이트의 비율이 증가함에 따라 칼슘 벤토나이트 내 몬모릴로나이트의 면적이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 칼슘 벤토나이트의 혼합비가 40% 이상일 때 매립시설의 차수재 조건($1.0{\times}10^{-7}cm/sec$ 이하)을 만족하였다. 본 연구는 차수재로 칼슘 벤토나이트의 이해도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 칼슘 벤토나이트는 40% 이상 혼합 시 나트륨 벤토나이트 7%와 비슷한 투수 특성을 나타낸다. 따라서 칼슘 벤토나이트는 차수재로써 활용이 가능하다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. S mine calcium bentonite

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Fig. 2. Particle size distribution curve for calcium bentonite in this study

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Fig. 3. Sand

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Fig. 4. Particle size distribution curve for sand in this study

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Fig. 5. Automatic compaction tester

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Fig. 6. Mixture specimen in this study

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Fig. 7. Permeability meter

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Fig. 8. Structural characteristics of sand-calcium bentonite mixtures by mixing ratio

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Fig. 9. Structural characteristics of sodium bentonite (Koh et al., 2002)

Table 1. Physical properties of S mine calcium bentonite and sodium bentonite

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Table 2. Components of S mine calcium bentonite and sodium bentonite by X-ray fluorescence (XRF)

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Table 3. Components of sand by XRF

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Table 4. Physical properties of sand in this study

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Table 5. Type of mixing ratio of sand and calcium bentonite for this study

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Table 7. Compaction characteristics of sand-calcium bentonite mixtures

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Table 8. Compaction characteristics of sand-sodium bentonite mixtures

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Table 9. Permeability characteristics of sand-calcium bentonite mixtures

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Table 10. Permeability characteristics of sand-sodium bentonite mixtures

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