• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.257-270
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• 2004

In order to clarify the structure and seasonal dynamics of warm tolerant benthic marine algal community in Korea, the species composition and biomass of marine algae at the discharge canal of Uljin nuclear power plant on the East Coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from February 1992 to October 2000. 107 species of marine algae were found at the discharge canal during the past nine years. In general, the number of species observed was abundant in spring or summer and less in autumn or winter. 27 species (4 blue-green, 5 green, 6 brown and 12 red algae) of marine algae occurred more than 1/ 6 frequency and thus can be categorized as warm tolerant species. Among these, one brown (Dictyota dichotoma) and four red algae (Gelidium amansii, Anphiroa ephedraea, Hydrolithon sargassi, Marginisporum crassissimum) are recorded as warm tolerant marine algae for the first time in Korea. Padina arborescens, Anphiroa zonata and Corallina pilulifera were common species found more than 75% frequency. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 0-1,330 g dry wt m^(-2) and dominant species in biomass were Corallina pilulifera (contribution to a total biomass proportion 34%), Anphiroa zonata (23%), Padina arborescens (18%) and Sargassum micracanthum (11%). The red algae appeared as predominant algal group at the discharge canal of Uljin nuclear power plant in the qualitative and quantitative aspects. The green algae such as Enterornorpha compressa appeared rather frequently at the discharge canal, but the biomass proportion was very low, in contrast to Kori nuclear power plant where there was definite green algal dominance. Differences in algal communities developed at the discharge canals of Uljin and Kori nuclear power plant on the East Coast of Korea, particularly biomass proportions of green algae, can probably be related to local environmental factors such as water velocity through the canal and natural seawater temperatures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.906-913
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• 2004

A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic survey was carried out on the bacterial community in cold-seep sediment at Edison Seamount, south of Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea. Small-subunit rRNA genes were amplified directly from the sediment DNA by PCR and cloned. The majority of the cloned 16S rRNA gene sequences were most closely related to as-yet-uncultivated microorganisms found in deep-sea sediments, and were primarily affiliated with one of four groups: the $\gamma$-, $\delta$-, and $\epsilon$-subdivisions of Proteobacteria, and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides. We did not recover any sequences related to cyanobacteria, prochlorophytes, and $\alpha$-Proteobacteria, which are known to occur in great abundance within the surface mixed layer of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The majority of the cloned $\gamma$-and $\epsilon$-Proteobacterial sequences were closely related to chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing symbionts of marine benthic fauna, and the $\delta$-Proteobacterial sequences to sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria, indicating that they might play an important role in chemoautotrophic primary production and the sulfur cycle in the cold-seep area. There results demonstrate the high diversity of the bacterial community in the cold-seep sediment, and substantially expand knowledge of the extent of bacterial diversity in this formidable and unique habitat.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.368-378
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• 1983

The community structure of intertidal benthic marine algae were studied seasonally at Odongdo, southern coast of Korea, from June 1982 to May 1983. Algal coverage in $50{\times}50\;cm$ quadrat were recorded for each species by line transect method. The vertical zonation investigated by line transects is recognized into three groups : Upper, middle, and lower zones. The representative species are Gelidium divaricatum, Enteromorpha linza, Porphyra yezoensis, Scytosiphon lomentaria, Blidingia nana, Ectocarpus confervoides in the upper, Ulva pertusa, Chondria crassicaulis in the middle, and Sargassum sagamianum, S. thunbergii, Undaria pinnatifida, Gelidium amansii and various other red algae in the lower zone. The number of algal species and coverage were generally highest in April and lowest in August. Species which appear dominant at least once a year were all of the spring type and the others were autumn type. According to the cluster analysis by similarity index community coefficient(SICC) among 5 transects, the algal communities are divided into two groups, i. e. open-sea group and inland-sea group.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.273-283
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• 2015

This study was carried out to examine the species composition and community structure of benthic marine algae at the subtidal zones of Daepo, Wolpyeong, Wimi and Jigwido in south Jeju, Korea from March to December 2009. Total 87 species including 14 green algae, 23 brown algae, and 50 red algae were collected and identified. Among these species, 9 species were found throughout the year. The dominant species which contributed significantly to the total biomass were Ecklonia cava, Undaria pinnatifida, Peyssonnelia capensis, Cladophora wrightiana, Sargassum serratifolium, Grateloupia angusta, Codium coactum, Plocamium cartilagineum, and Sargassum macrocarpum. The average seaweed biomass was 7,578.2 g wet weight $m^{-2}$ and maximum biomass was recorded seasonally in spring ($9,627.6g\;m^{-2}$), while minimum was recorded in autumn ($5,963.0g\;m^{-2}$), by sites maximum biomass Jigwido ($12,889.9g\;m^{-2}$), while minimum was recorded in Daepo ($5,403.8g\;m^{-2}$). The seasonal and regional flora were investigated as six functional groups. A coarsely branched form was the most dominant functional group constituting from 42.9~52.8% of the total flora. Ecological state group (ESG) II, as an opportunistic species, including sheet form, filamentous form, and coarsely branched form, consisted of 31~59 species, constituting 77.5~84.9%.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.453-461
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• 2006

This study is intended to clarify the structure and seasonal dynamics of warm tolerant benthic marine algal community in Korea. The species composition and biomass of marine algae at the discharge canal of Wolseong nuclear power plant on the East Coast of Korea were investigated seasonally from February 2001 to October 2005. As a result, 43 species (6 blue-green, 8 green, 9 brown and 20 red algae) of marine algae were found at the discharge canal during the past five years. In general, the number of species observed was abundant during winter to summer and less in autumn. Lyngbya confervoides and Enteromorpha compressa always occurred at the discharge canal during the past five years, and Oscillatoria brevis, Padina arborescens and Caulacanthus ustulatus were common species found more than 80% frequency during the study period. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 2-659 g dry wt m–2 and dominant species in biomass were Caulacanthus ustulatus (contribution to a total biomass proportion 37%), Enteromorpha compressa (26%) and Padina arborescens (24%). Results showed that, in the floristic composition, the green algae occurred as common algal group at the discharge canal of Wolseong nuclear power plant. In the quantitative aspect, however, the red algae such as Caulacanthus ustulatus and Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis appeared as predominant group at the discharge canal, in contrast to Kori nuclear power plant where there was a definite green algal dominance. Differences in algal communities developed at the discharge canals of three nuclear power plants on the East Coast of Korea can probably be related to local environmental factors.

• ALGAE
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2020

Specimens of red algae corresponding to the peyssonnelioid genus Sonderophycus were collected at Kure Atoll, Hawai'i, at a depth range of 88-94 m depth during mesophotic surveys of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Hawaiian Islands, and were analyzed using morphological and molecular approaches. Analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and chloroplast rbcL DNA sequences demonstrated that the Hawaiian specimens were identical to one another yet distinct from the three other species currently recognized within the genus (S. capensis [Montagne] M. J. Wynne, S. coriaceus [Womersley & Sinkora] M. J. Wynne, and S. fervens Dixon), as well as the likely congener, Peyssonnelia caulifera Okamura, and are proposed here as a new species: Sonderophycus copusii A. R. Sherwood. Sonderophycus copusii is morphologically distinct from other members of the genus by the following combination of characters: the presence of occasional secondary perithallial growth, emergence of rhizoids from the hypobasal cuticle at a strongly acute angle, a lack of horizontally directed filaments in the lower perithallus, and the lack of a stipe. This is the first record of the genus Sonderophycus in the Hawaiian Islands. Sonderophycus copusii was documented as a dominant member of the algal community at Kure Atoll, and thus may play a significant ecological role in the deep-water benthic community of Kure Atoll, along the lines of reports of deep water peyssonnelioid beds in the Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Caribbean. This study further highlights the unexplored diversity of the Peyssonneliales in Hawai'i, and emphasizes more generally the degree of as yet undiscovered biodiversity of algae at mesophotic depths.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1995

1993년 7월부터 1994년 5월까지 제주도 차귀도 4개 지점 조간대의 대형저서무척추동물의 분포와 군집구조에 관한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 차귀도 조간대에 분포하는 대형무척추동물은 총 9문, 17강, 35목, 75과, 146종이었다.2. 계절별 출현종수는 춘계에 124종, 하계 113종, 추계 99종, 동계에 86종이었다.3. 조간대 상부구역의 제1우점종은 좁쌀무늬총알고둥(N. exigua), 제2우점은 거북선(P. mitalla). (N.japonica),울타리고둥(M. labio), 중부구역은 배무래기(N. schrenkii), 밤고둥(C. argyrostoma lischkei), 울타리고둥, 깜장각시고둥(M. perplexa), 검은따개비(T. squamosa japonica)가 지점에 따라 제1, 제2우점종을 이루었다. 하부구역은 밤고둥, 검은따개비, 줄군부 (L. coreanica), 거북손, 굵은줄격판담치(S. virgatus)가 지점에 따라 우점하였으며, 상부구역 우점종의 군집우점지수는 매우 높았다.4. 조간대 하부구역의 종다양성은 상부구역이나 중부구역에 비하여 컸고 계절별 출현종수에 유의성이 있었으나 상부구역이나 중부구역에는 없었다.5. 종다양도지수와 균등도에는 상. 중. 하 구역별유의성은 없었고 풍부도에서는 상부구역에서 유의하였다.6. 제주 미기록종으로 부채넓적이끼벌레(D. su-bovoidea), 딱지조개(P. japonica), 목주림고둥(T. guerinii), 전촉수갯지렁이(A. validus), 바다거미(L. hilgendorfi)가 채집되었다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 1997

Most of urban streams in Korea have been changed channel forms and suffered from direct inflow of domestic sewage, etc. Therefore, maintenance of structure and function of those ecosystem are hard. The present study was carried out to examine the life survival maintenance ability of the stream by community analysis of aquatic animals in typical urban stream (Jungrang stream) in Seoul. The aquatic animals were composed of 31 species, 18 families, 8 orders, 5 classes in 4 phyla. Seasonal species number showed big fluctuation between 8 species in Winter and 24 species in Autumn. Major dominant species in Jungrang stream were Tubificidae sp.1, Chironomidae sp.1, Chironomidae sp.2 and Physa acuta, and above endurance species for water pollution occupied very high dominance indices. But, Cercion hieroglyphicum, Ischnura asiatica, Rantra chinensis, Herochares striatus, Agabus japonicus in benthic macroinvertebrates of a few individuals are appeared. Also, fry of Carassius auratus and Silurus asotus in fish are occurred. Therefore, we can be inferred on posibility of growth and spawning of above species in the stream. Jungrang stream has a small quantity of natural riffle areas, ponds and watergrass areas by channel form of water course. Aquatic animals in Jungrang stream has been suffered by reduction of self-purification reaction ability and have mass production of attached algae on the stream bed. For analysis of fluctuation of life survival maintenance ability in Jungrang stream, long-term survey is needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.977-981
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• 2006

본 연구는 오산천 하천환경정비로 인하여 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집변화에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 2002년 6월부터 2005년 11월까지 5개지점을 선정하여 조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 중 출현한 저서성 대형무척추동물은 총 4문 7강 16목 38과 81종이었으며, 년도별로는 2002년에는 총 55종이 출현하였으나, 2004년에는 36종으로 종수가 급감하였다. ESB에 따른 군집의 생태점수는 2003년도에 45.4에서 2004년도에는 21.7로 낮아졌다가 2005년도에는 31.2로 높아졌다. 이는 하천환경정비공사로 일시적인 교란을 일으켜 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집변화에 영향을 미친 것으로 사료된다. 종조성의 변화로는 상류부의 경우 환경정비공사 완료 후 생태계안정화와 추이대가 복원되면서 1급수 지표종인 플라나리아(Dugesia japonica)와 옆새우(Gammarus sp.)가 출현하여 다양한 군집을 형성하고 있었다. 하류의 경우는 군집의 종조성이 빈약하지만 공사가 마무리 단계에 들어가면서 수서생물의 서식처가 안정화되고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 이처럼 저서성 대형무척추동물의 서식에 영향을 주는 하상의 물리적 구조와 이와 연관된 유기물 퇴적층과 토사 퇴적층에 대한 관리가 필요하며, 이를 통하여 하도특성에 맞는 안정된 군집구조가 형성될 수 있도록 대체서식처를 하천환경정비계획 수립 시 고려하여야 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.883-890
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• 2016

Marine sediments are a microbial biosphere with an unknown physiology, and the sediments harbor numerous distinct phylogenetic lineages of Bacteria and Archaea that are at present uncultured. In this study, the structure of the archaeal and bacterial communities was investigated in the surface and subsurface sediments of Jeju Island using a next-generation sequencing method. The microbial communities in the surface sediments were distinct from those in the subsurface sediments; the relative abundance of sequences for Thaumarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria were higher in the surface than subsurface sediments, whereas the sequences for Euryarchaeota, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deltaproteobacteria were relatively more abundant in the subsurface than surface sediments. This study presents detailed characterization of the spatial distribution of benthic microbial communities of Jeju Island and provides fundamental information on the potential interactions mediated by microorganisms with the different biogeochemical cycles in coastal sediments.