• 제목/요약/키워드: Behavioral symptoms

검색결과 415건 처리시간 0.028초

소아청소년의 게임장애와 중독 (Gaming Disorder and Addiction in Children and Adolescents)

  • 이주엽
    • 대한융합한의학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.25-44
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: Gaming disorder has been viewed as a disease in the DSM-5 and ICD-11. Its essential symptoms are loss of control over gaming, gaming becoming a markedly prioritized activity over other activities of daily living, and continued and excessive use of gaming despite negative problems occurring. Methods: Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable to gaming disorder because the striatal pathways related to reward develop earlier than the control regions of the prefrontal cortex. It is also associated with decreased dopamine D2 receptors. Addiction is related to 'want' and is explained by incentive-sensitization. In addition, allostasis, in which homeostasis is continuously achieved at a new target value, is also related to gaming disorder. In addition, personality causes, unchangeable factors, and external factors can influence on the onset of gaming disorder. Results: Prevention is the best solution for gaming disorder, and the role of parents is important. For gaming disorder, bupropion is used, cognitive-behavioral therapy and family-based therapy are also beneficial. Herbal medicine treatment such as Antler velvet and ginseng can be effective. Electroacupuncture and acupuncture using PC6, SP6, and LR3 has a correlation with relieving Internet craving. Ear-acupuncture was also effective in treating addiction. Conclusion: Psychologically, 'want' is an intense longing for reward and motivation, and is related to addiction. This 'want' may rather be related to avoidance, and game addiction in children and adolescents may be due to wanting to escape from academic stress or avoidance of comparison. Therefore, the importance of 'like', which gives pleasure in itself, increases. It can also be explained with Sasang Constitutional Medicine.

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의과대학 교수의 소진에 대한 이해 (A Review of Burnout in Medical School Professors)

  • 유효현;김형태
    • 의학교육논단
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study was to promote an enhanced understanding of burnout among medical school professors by reviewing the literature on burnout in domestic and international medical professors, and to seek measures to prevent burnout. To this end, the general concept of burnout and the physical, cognitive, psychological, social, and behavioral symptoms that result from burnout were explained. In addition, the causes and results of high burnout among medical school professors were summarized in terms of demographic characteristics and the duties of educators, researchers, and physicians, and measures to prevent burnout in medical school professors were divided into individual and organizational levels. In order to prevent burnout among medical school professors, sensitive interest in themselves and self-reflection are required at the personal level. At the organizational level, it is necessary to regularly monitor burnout among medical school professors, improve systems, encourage participation in the policy-making process, and develop customized education programs. At the social level, it is necessary to recognize that burnout of medical school professors is a social problem, for which further research is needed. Therefore, in order for medical school professors not to burn out, there must be appropriate interactions among the individuals, organizations, and society, and the consistent attention should be paid to this issue.

조현병 환자를 위한 정신사회적 중재 (Psychosocial Intervention for Patients with Schizophrenia)

  • 김성완
    • 신경정신의학
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    • 제57권3호
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    • pp.235-243
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    • 2018
  • Treatment of schizophrenia has as its ultimate goals, the functional recovery of the patients and improvement of their quality of life. While antipsychotic medication is the fundamental method for treating schizophrenia, it has certain limitations in terms of treating the illness beyond its positive symptoms. Therefore, psychosocial intervention should be used in tandem with pharmacological methods in treating schizophrenia. The efficacy of several modes of psychosocial intervention for improving outcomes in schizophrenia is well attested. Approximately 10 modes of psychosocial intervention have been recommended based on existing evidence, including family intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, supported employment, early intervention services, lifestyle intervention for physical health enhancement, treatment of comorbid substance abuse, assertive community treatment, cognitive remediation, social skills training, and peer support. Ideally, these interventions are offered to patients in combination with one another. Over the last decade, increased emphasis has been placed on early detection and intervention, with particular focus on long-term recovery. Early intervention with comprehensive psychosocial interventions should be enacted promptly from the initial detection of schizophrenia.

혈액투석 환자를 위한 통합적 관리 프로그램의 개발 및 효과 (Development and Evaluation of Integrated Management Program for Hemodialysis Patients)

  • 김보라;유하나
    • 가정∙방문간호학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.66-76
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate an integrated management program to enhance self-efficacy, compliance with sick-role behaviors, symptom management, and biomarker indication in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The integrated management program was developed through a systematic review of literature, analysis of relevant online data, and expert validation. It comprised 480 min of video-based education delivered eight times over four weeks, supplemented by weekly phone consultations and text message support from a nurse. To evaluate the program's effectiveness, it was administered to 44 patients with hemodialysis in a single group in a pre-post test experimental study. Changes in self-efficacy, sick-role behavior compliance, dialysis symptom index, and biomarkers were assessed. Results: The program yielded statistically significant improvements in self-efficacy (t=-7.13, p<.001), sick-role behavioral compliance (t=-7.35, p<.001), dialysis symptom index (t=4.32, p<.001), and blood urea nitrogen levels (t=2.55, p=.014) among the participants. Conclusion: The integrated management program is an effective intervention for improving hemodialysis patients' self-efficacy, compliance with sick-role behaviors, and experience of symptoms. Additionally, it is considered an intervention with high clinical applicability and efficiency through video reproducibility.

공황장애 환자의 성격 특성과 인지행동치료의 결과에 미치는 영향 (Personality Characteristics and Those Influences on the Outcome of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Patients with Panic Disorder)

  • 최영희;이동현;박기환;윤혜영;우종민
    • 정신신체의학
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.142-153
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    • 2002
  • 연구목적: 본 연구는 공황장애 환자에서의 성격장애의 특성을 조사하고 공황장애와의 연관성을 분석하여, 그 성격장애 특성이 집단 인지행동치료의 결과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 시행하였다. 연구방법: DSM-N 진단에 따라 공황장애로 진단 받은 167명의 환자를 대상으로 12회기 집단 인지행동치료를 실시하였다. 성격장애 특성을 측정하기 위해 한국판 성격장애 검사(Personality disorder Questionnaire - Revised : PDQ-R)를 치료 전 시행하였고, 임상 중상과 인지행동적 지표의 변화를 측정하기 위해 여러 가지 임상 변인들을 이용하였으며 치료 성과는 최종 상태가능으로 평가하여 분석하였다. 결과: 공황장애 환자군의 성격장애 특성중 강박성, 회피성, 편집성 성격장애가 두드려졌다. 또한 C형 성격장애군(Cluster C) 이 높은 비율로 나타났다. 공황장애 환자군에서 성격장애 특성이 높은 환자들은 성격장애 특성이 낮은 환자들에 비해서 모든 임상 변인에서 높은 정수를 보이고 있었다. 인지행동치료를 통한 대부분의 임상 변인의 감소 정도는 전체적인 성격장애의 특성이 높고 낮음에 따라서 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 오히려 불안 민감성, 우울 및 공황에 대한 신념에서는 성격장애 특성이 높은 집단에서 더 유의미하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 치료 성과를 평가하는 최종 상태기능은 상, 하위 집단 사이는 성격장애의 특성에 따라 뚜렷한 차이가 존재하지 않았다. 대부분의 성격장애 특성의 하위척도에서도 두 집단 사이의 점수 차는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 결론: 본원에서 실시한 인지행동치료를 받은 공황장애 환자군은 불안과 두려움을 특정으로 하는 C형 성격장애군 특성과 전반적으로 성격장애 특성이 높은 군에서 다양하고 더 많은 공황 증상들을 호소하고 있었다. 이는 성격장애 특성이 공황장애와 밀접한 연관이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 성격장애 특성이 두드러지는 공황장애 환자가 인지행동치료에 치료 반응이 불량할 것으로 생각할 수 있으나, 본 연구 결과 성격장애 특성이 높은 군에서 인지행동치료를 실시한 후에도 여전히 많은 증상을 호소하는 경향이 있지만 임상변인의 변화량과 최종 상태기능으로 볼 때 성격장애 특성이 높은 군과 낮은 군의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 따라서 성격장애 특성이 높은 공황장애 환자군에서도 인지행동치료가 권장할 만하며 치료에 반응이 나쁜 경우에는 다른 요인이 관여될 가능성을 고려할 필요가 있다.

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일 지역 대학생의 피로와 건강증진 생활양식과의 관계분석 (The correlation analysis between fatigue and health promoting life style among a rural college students)

  • 장희정
    • 기본간호학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.477-492
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    • 1999
  • The disease patterns among the Korean was shifted from acute and infectious diseases to chronic diseases. According to the these disease patterns trends, people have concerned about the health promotion and health behaviors. Pender's(1996) revised health promotion model(HPM) is consist of three categories; Individual characteristics and experiences, Behavior-specific cognitions and affect, behavioral outcome. Of these categories, individual characteristics and experiences, this category of variables is considered to be of biological, psychological and socio-cultural personal factors, especially, individual fatigue. Futhermore. these variables constitute a critical core for nursing intervention, as they are subject to modification through nursing actions. But there is no few the research of the relationship between the fatigue and health promotion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style among a rural college students. Additionally, this descriptive correlational study identified the relation of demographic factors and fatigue, health promoting life style. From June 20 to 26, 1998, a convenience sample of 270 college students completed the questionnaire of the fatigue and health promoting life style profile which were developed by the Yoshitake(1978) and Walker, et al.(1987), respectively. The descriptive correlational statistics, mean, t-test, ANONA, Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data gathered with SAS pc+ program. The results were as it follows: 1. The average fatigue score of the subjects was $64.93{\pm}12.89$. Fatigue scores by subcategory were physical symptoms($23.5{\pm}4.87$). psychological symptoms($22.11{\pm}4.66$) and neuro-sensory symptoms($19.32{\pm}5.14$). With the respect to the demographic characteristics of the subjects, there were statistically significant differences between the demographic factors and fatigue, especially, sex(t==3.69 p<0.01), major(t=-2.89 p<0.01). the experience of family illness(t=2.76 p<0.01). 2. The average health promoting life style item score of the subjects was $2.33{\pm}0.33$. In the subcategories, the highest degree of performance was self-actualization(2.94), following interpersonal support(2.81). stress management(2.33), exercise(2.20), nutrition(2.10), and the lowest degree was health responsibility(1.73). There were the significant differences on the learning of health education(t=2.00 p<0.01). religion(F=3.01, p<0.05), circle activity(t=2.07, p<0.05), nutrition control(t=5.25, p<0.01) of demographical factors with the health promoting life style. 3. The correlation between the fatigue and health promoting life style made statistically no significance(r=-0.09731, p>0.05). But there was negative significant relationship between health promoting life style and psychological symptom as a fatigue subcategory(r=-0.15721, p<0.05). The self-actualization showed negative significant correlation with all fatigue subcategory. The health responsibility showed significant relationship with total fatigue(r=0.13050. p<0.05). For further research, it suggests to replicate the correlational and causal study between the fatigue and the health promoting life style using the another fatigue scale which is able to measure the subjective and objective fatigue degree. And it needs to develop the nursing intervention program for maintaining and promoting the health behavior as well as for decreasing the college students's fatigue.

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소아 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증후군 1례 (A Case of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Childhood)

  • 이승훈;권순영;이상학;장지원;김진관;신철
    • 수면정신생리
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.50-54
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    • 2004
  • 페쇄성 수면무호흡증후군은 다양한 원인에 의하여 발생할 수 있으며, 특히 편도 및 아데노이드 비대증은 소아에서 가장 흔한 원인이다. 편도 및 아데노이드 비대증에 의하여 발생한 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증후군은 다양한 증상과 함께 행동 장애, 야뇨증, 성장 및 발달장애, 폐성심, 고혈압과 같은 다양한 합병증을 초래할 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 임상적으로 소아에서 폐쇄성 무호흡증상이 수면 중에 관찰되면 적절한 진단과정 후에 상태에 따라서 적극적인 치료가 필요하다. 소아에서의 치료는 편도 및 아데노이드 비대증에 의한 경우 수술적인 제거를 통하여 80% 이상에서 호전을 관찰할 수 있다. 그러나 편도 및 아데노이드 제거 후에도 증상이 남아있거나 수술적인 치료가 불가능한 환아에 대해서는 체중조절, 수면자세의 변화와 같은 생활습관의 조절 및 지속적 기도양압호흡기를 이용하여 추가적인 치료를 시행할 수 있다. 저자들은 수면다원검사상 심한 폐쇄성 수면무호흡이 관찰되어 편도 및 아데노이드 절제술을 시행한 후 증상의 호전이 있었으나, 장기간 추적관찰 후 재발한 수면무호흡과 코골이를 조절하기 위하여 생활습관의 개선교육과 자동화 기도양압호흡기로 치료한 1례를 경험하였기에 보고한다.

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Ginseng gintonin alleviates neurological symptoms in the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through lysophosphatidic acid 1 receptor

  • Nam, Sung Min;Choi, Jong Hee;Choi, Sun-Hye;Cho, Hee-Jung;Cho, Yeon-Jin;Rhim, Hyewhon;Kim, Hyoung-Chun;Cho, Ik-Hyun;Kim, Do-Geun;Nah, Seung-Yeol
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.390-400
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    • 2021
  • Background: We recently showed that gintonin, an active ginseng ingredient, exhibits antibrain neurodegenerative disease effects including multiple target mechanisms such as antioxidative stress and antiinflammation via the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a spinal disease characterized by neurodegenerative changes in motor neurons with subsequent skeletal muscle paralysis and death. However, pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS are still elusive, and therapeutic drugs have not yet been developed. We investigate the putative alleviating effects of gintonin in ALS. Methods: The G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse ALS model was used. Gintonin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) administration started from week seven. We performed histological analyses, immunoblot assays, and behavioral tests. Results: Gintonin extended mouse survival and relieved motor dysfunctions. Histological analyses of spinal cords revealed that gintonin increased the survival of motor neurons, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, choline acetyltransferase, NeuN, and Nissl bodies compared with the vehicle control. Gintonin attenuated elevated spinal NAD(P) quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression and decreased oxidative stress-related ferritin, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-immunoreactive microglia, S100β-immunoreactive astrocyte, and Olig2-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes compared with the control vehicle. Interestingly, we found that the spinal LPA1 receptor level was decreased, whereas gintonin treatment restored decreased LPA1 receptor expression levels in the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse, thereby attenuating neurological symptoms and histological deficits. Conclusion: Gintonin-mediated symptomatic improvements of ALS might be associated with the attenuations of neuronal loss and oxidative stress via the spinal LPA1 receptor regulations. The present results suggest that the spinal LPA1 receptor is engaged in ALS, and gintonin may be useful for relieving ALS symptoms.

갈란타민(Galantamine) 투여 후 순수 알츠하이머병 치매와 혼합성 치매 환자의 주의력, 일상생활능력 및 신경정신행동 증상에 대한 효과 평가 (Effects of Galantamine Treatment on Attention, Activities of Daily Living, and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms between the Patients with Pure Alzheimer's Disease and Mixed Dementia)

  • 강효신;윤지혜;안인숙;문유진;황태영;이영민;김혜란;김도관
    • 노인정신의학
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 2012
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of galantamine treatment, especially attention ability between patients with pure Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mixed dementia (MD) during a 24-week trial. Methods : A total of 40 patients were recruited for this 24-week study. The effect of galantamine on attention was measured using Seoul Computerized NeuroCognitive Function Test (SCNT) and frontal functions test of Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB). Patients'activities of daily living using the Seoul-Activities of Daily Living (S-ADL) and the Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL) ; behavioral symptoms using the Korean version Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI) were measured at baseline and 24-week. Results : 17 pure AD patients and 23 MD patients were analyzed in this study. Attention as measured by SCNT was not significantly different from baseline after 24 weeks of treatment in both groups. There was no significant difference between two groups in mean change from baseline in the SCNT, S-ADL, S-IADL and K-NPI scores at 24-week. Conclusion : Galantamine showed a therapeutic effect on cognition, activities of daily living, neuropsychiatric symptoms in pure AD and MD. Furthermore, Galantamine may specifically help to maintain attention and it may have positive effects on other cognitive and functional abilities.

증상의 발현부터 치료의 시작까지 : 한국인의 공황장애 인식도 변화가 치료적 접근에 미친 영향 (From the Onset of Panic Symptoms to Getting to a Psychiatric Treatment : The Change by Improved Public Awareness of Panic Disorder in Korea)

  • 최용원;서호준;한상우;홍진표;이경욱;김세주;임세원;이상혁;양종철;이승재;박선철;김민숙;채정호
    • 대한불안의학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2019
  • Objective : This study aimed to investigate the general process from the symptom onset to the psychiatric treatment in Korean panic patients and the effect of improved public awareness on it. Methods : This study has a retrospective design. The subjects were the new patients with panic disorder who visited the psychiatric outpatient clinic in twelve university-affiliated hospitals all across Korea. The medical chart was reviewed retrospectively and the data were collected including chief complaints of symptoms, recent stressors, the time to visit the psychiatric outpatient clinic, and visit of other departments and diagnostic approaches for their symptoms. Results : A total of 814 participants were included in the study. The most common department other than psychiatry the panic patients visited were cardiology (28.3%), general internal medicine (16.0%) and neurology (11.4%). The most frequently used diagnostic tests were a echocardiography (17.9%), 24-hour Holter monitoring (11.2%), and brain MRI (8.2%). Only 37.3% of participants visited psychiatric clinic directly. About 80% of participants visited psychiatric department within 1 year after their first panic symptoms and it took $13.8{\pm}13.7weeks$ on average. Comparing before and after 2012, the number of participants increased who visit directly the psychiatric clinic without visiting other departments (p=0.002) and without visiting emergency room (p<0.001). Conclusions : Our results suggest that a substantial number of patients visit departments other than psychiatry when they experience first panic symptoms. However, most patients begin psychiatric treatment within 1 year after their first symptoms and the number of patient are increasing who visit psychiatric department directly without visiting other departments.