• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.419-434
• /
• 2013

Objectives: The object of this study is to observe the cognition and motor function recovery effects of Joojakwhan (JJW), a traditional Korean poly-herbal formula for treating various neuropsychiatric diseases such as dementia, for the mildly stroke rats, with 60 minutes of reperfusion transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Methods: In the present study, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of JJW were orally administered, once per day for 10 continuous days 2 hours after the tMCAO. The body weight changes, infarct sizes under 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain, sensorimotor functions and cognitive motor behavior tests were serially monitored with cerebral caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-immunoreactivities and histopathological changes. The effects of tMCAO on sensorimotor functions were evaluated by using of limb placing and body-swing tests, and the cognitive motor behaviors were also observed with water maze tests. Results: From the results of tMCAO, with marked decreases of body weights, disorders of sensorimotor functions increases the limb placing test scores, and decrease the numbers and percentages of body swings to the ipsilateral sides. The cognitive motor behaviors increases the distances and time to reach the escape platform which included the inhibitions of the decreases with repeated trials that were observed with focal cerebral cortex infarct volumes. In addition, the marked increases of the atrophy, numbers of degeneration, caspase-3- and PARP-immunoreactive cells around peri-infarct ipsilateral cerebral cortex were also observed in tMCAO controls when compared with the sham control rats, respectively. Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that oral administrations of JJW indicate obvious cognitions and motor function recoveries of the rats with tMCAO, mild strokes, which are mediated by neuro-protective effects through known antioxidant effects of components.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.207-223
• /
• 2003

For last five years, we are developing the novel local drug delivery devices using biodegradable polymers, especially polylactide (PLA) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) due to its relatively good biocompatibility, easily controlled biodegradability, good processability and only FDA approved synthetic degradable polymers. The relationship between various kinds of drug [water soluble small molecule drugs: gentamicin sulfate (GS), fentanyl citrate (FC), BCNU, azidothymidine (AZT), pamidronate (ADP), $1,25(OH)_2$ vitamin $D_3$, water insoluble small molecule drugs: fentanyl, ipriflavone (IP) and nifedipine, and water soluble large peptide molecule drug: nerve growth factor (NGF), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)], different types of geometrical devices [microspheres (MSs), microcapsule, nanoparticle, wafers, pellet, beads, multiple-layered beads, implants, fiber, scaffolds, and films], and pharmacological activity are proposed and discussed for the application of pharmaceutics and tissue engineering. Also, local drug delivery devices proposed in this work are introduced in view of preparation method, drug release behavior, biocompatibility, pharmacological effect, and animal studies. In conclusion, we can control the drug release profiles varying with the preparation, formulation and geometrical parameters. Moreover, any types of drug were successfully applicable to achieve linear sustained release from short period ($1{\sim}3$ days) to long period (over 2 months). It is very important to design a suitable formulation for the wanting period of bioactive molecules loaded in biodegradable polymers for the local delivery of drug. The drug release is affected by many factors such as hydrophilicity of drug, electric charge of drug, drug loading amount, polymer molecular weight, the monomer composition, the size of implants, the applied fabrication techniques, and so on. It is well known that the commercialization of new drug needs a lot of cost of money (average: over 10 million US dollar per one drug) and time (average: above 9 years) whereas the development of DDS and high effective generic drug might be need relatively low investment with a short time period. Also, one core technology of DDS can be applicable to many drugs for the market needs. From these reasons, the DDS research on potent generic drugs might be suitable for less risk and high return.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.241-255
• /
• 2020

This study examined the eating habits and preferences of foods according to the age of children with autism spectrum disorders and identified the nutritional needs of parents to support their healthy eating habits and provide basic data for the development of educational programs. A survey of 100 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders was conducted on their children's snack intake, food preferences, and parents' nutrition education needs. As a result, there were four times more boys than girls, and the body mass index differed according to age (p<0.001). Most children ate snacks more than once a day, and parents found that they wanted to develop nutritious snacks that could replace high-protein, low-calorie meals with the minimal use of additives. For the food preference, there was a significant difference in grains and starches, vegetables/seafood and fruits, milk and dairy products (p<0.05), fats and sugars, and Korean fermented pastes (p<0.01) between the two age groups. Regarding whether nutrition education was required, many parents had a high demand for nutrition education (4.24±0.70), and the intention to participate was 3.62±1.09. The most important content to be dealt with in parent education was 'Inducing a change in bad eating habits and behaviors', which was the highest (63%), and mostly face-to-face education was preferred. In conclusion, young children require diet education, and older children need to focus on weight control and obesity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.102-115
• /
• 2018

Objectives: Although breakfast is important to nutrition balance, prevention of overeating, and weight control, people in their 20s (males: 55.1%, females: 49.9%) were reported to have the highest rate of skipping breakfast in 2016 Korea Health Statistics. This study aims to examine dietary habits and nutrient intake depending on breakfast frequency among young women in Seoul. Methods: The subjects were 655 young women in Seoul from August to October 2016, and the survey was performed by using a questionnaire that included general characteristics, dietary habits, and eating behavior. Body composition was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis. Nutritional status was examined by the 24-hour recall method. Results: The participants were classified by breakfast intake frequency; '${\geq}5times/week$ (n=160)', '1-4 times/week (n=327)', and 'breakfast skipping (n=168)'. The 'breakfast skipping' group had lower frequency and regularity of meals. In addition, the 'breakfast skipping' group had a higher frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. There was no difference in total calories between the 'breakfast skipping' group and other groups, but the 'breakfast skipping' group had significantly low carbohydrate and fiber intakes. The participants showed lower intakes of calories, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, calcium, potassium, and zinc in comparison with recommended intakes. Especially, the 'breakfast skipping' group had significantly lower fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, potassium levels compared to the '${\geq}5times/week$' group. For Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the 'breakfast skipping' group recorded a ratio of 0.60, which was lower than those of other groups. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) including fiber, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus were significantly lower in the breakfast skipper group, compared to the breakfast eater group. Conclusions: The 'breakfast skipping' group showed low regularity of meals and a high frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. The breakfast regular eater group showed high intake of micronutrients and quality of meals was high in general. Skipping breakfast could lower nutrient intake and quality of meals, which requires attention.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.822-830
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of a community-based case management program for clients with hypertension living in the community. Methods: The research design was a one group pre and post-test design with 30 participants with hypertension who agreed to participate in the 8-12 week case management program provided by case managers from the National Health Insurance Corporation in 2002. Data were collected three times, before and after the case management services, and 6 months later. Outcomes included changes in blood pressure, knowledge of hypertension and daily life practices, including alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, and medication adherence. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA and post-hoc tests of means revealed significant differences before and after service for systolic blood pressure, daily life practices (monitoring body weight and BP, low salt and cholesterol and high vegetable diet, and stress-relief practices), and exercise. The goal for medication adherence was attained after service. Significant improvements from baseline to 6 months after service were observed in measures of salt and vegetables in diet. There were no significant differences on hypertension knowledge, alcohol consumption or smoking behavior between before service and after, and at 6 months. Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary evidence that case management intervention can have positive outcomes on BP control, daily life practices, exercise, and medication adherence for clients with hypertension. However, additional interventions are needed to sustain long-term effects.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 치과용 순 타이타늄 스크랩을 재활용하여 진공 아크 용해에 의해 Ti-6Al-4V 합금을 제조하였고, 이때 산소함량이 다르게 제조된 Ti-6A1-4V 합금의 물성을 평가하였다. 사용된 타이타늄 스크랩은 치과용 임플란트 재료로써 ASTM G1~G4 등급으로 산소함량이 다르게 진공 아크 용해에 의해 건전한 잉곳을 만든 후 Ti-6Al-4V 합금을 제조하였다. 합금 제조시 875 torr의 가압 아르곤 분위기에서 용해하였을 때 Al 조성의 손실이 방지됨을 확인하였다. 제조된 Ti-6Al-4V의 산소함량이 1170~3340 ppm으로 증가함에 따라 Ti-6Al-4V의 경도가 증가하여 순 타이타늄의 경향과 동일함을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해서 Ti-6Al-4V 합금 제조에 있어서 진공 아크 용해에 의해 치과용 순 타이타늄 스크랩의 재활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 1999

LMS 적응필터는 많은 신호처리 응용분야에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있으나 반복 적 최소 자승 (RLS) 적응 필터와 비교해서 주어진 안정상태 평균 자승 에러에 대한 수렴특성이 떨어진 다. 본 논문은 LMS 알고리즘의 수렴속도를 향상시키기 위해 폐기된 탭 입력 데이터를 몇 개의 한정된 버퍼를 이용 탭 가중치를 적응적으로 조절하여 수렴특성을 개선한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 스텝 크기 매 개변수 $\mu$값의 증가는 보다 빠른 수렴속도와 평균 자승에러를 감소시키는 효과를 가지므로 데이터 재순 환 버퍼 구조에서 탭 가중치의 갱신에 비례하여 평균 자승 에러의 수렴속도가 재순환 버퍼 B를 증가시 켜 수렴속도가 (B+1)배 만큼 증가한다. 데이터 버퍼 알고리즘을 이용한 제안된 TDL 필터가 LMS 알고 리즘과 동일한 수렴조건을 가지고 실행될 때 연산복잡성의 실질적 부담감을 배제하고 채널 간의 상호심 볼간섭을 보다 효율적으로 제어하면서 적응 횡단선 필터의 수렴속도를 증기시켜 개선한다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.513-519
• /
• 1999

진정요법을 위한 경구 투여 약물에는 비교적 안전하고 부작용이 적은 것으로 알려진 chloral hydrate가 있으나, 체내에 흡수되는 용량이 환자에 따라 다양하여 이것에 대한 정확한 측정이 어렵고, 환자의 불안 정도와 주변환경 등의 영향을 받아 약효발현이 충분히 이루어지지 않는 경우가 적지 않다. 이런 경우 환자와 보호자 모두에게 고통과 불편함을 줄 수 있으며, 재내원시의 치료도 더욱 어려워지는 고충을 흔히 겪게 된다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해 chloral hydrate와 midazolam의 추가 투여, chloral hydrate와 hydroxyzine, 또는 아산화질소-산소와 함께 사용하는 등 소아환자의 행동조절을 위한 많은 연구와 노력이 시행되어지고 있다. 본 증례에서는 Chloral hydrate 경구 투여 후 진정효과가 나타나지 않은 37명의 소아환자에게 아산화질소-산소와 함께 Enflurane을 사용하여 초기 수면을 유도하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Enflurane 투여 및 국소마취 시행시 말초동맥혈 산소 포화도와 이완기 혈압의 변화는 관찰되지 않았으며 정상범위 내에서 안정된 양상을 보였다(p<0.05). 2. Enflurane 투여 및 국소마취 시행시 심박수와 수축기 혈압의 일시적인 변화가 관찰되었지만 곧 정상범위 내로 회복되었으며 안정되었다(p<0.05). 3. Enflurane 투여 후 바람직한 행동양상(Q:Quiet)의 증가를 관찰할 수 있었다. 4. 안정된 생징후와 바람직한 행동양상으로 재 내원의 약속을 하지 않고 97%이상이 치료를 성공적으로 마칠 수 있게 되어 환자, 보호자, 술자 모두에게 만족할 만한 결과를 준 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.3500-3512
• /
• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 결혼이주 여성의 건강행태, 건강상태, 보건의료 이용 실태를 출신 국가에 따라 비교 분석하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 충청북도 7개 지역 다문화센터에 등록되어 있는 결혼이주 여성 171명이며, 자료수집은 7개 언어로 번역된 구조화된 설문지를 활용하여 2010년 9월~11월까지 3개월간 실시하였다. 결혼이주 여성의 출신 국가에 따라 비교한 결과, 건강행태에서는 고강도 운동, 걷기 운동, 체중조절, 아침식사 횟수가 차이를 보였고, 건강상태에서는 요통 발생율과 비만도가 차이가 있었으며, 보건의료 이용에서는 건강검진 경험, 주이용 의료기관, 의료기관 미방문 이유에 있어서 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 근거로 결혼이주 여성의 건강 정책을 수립한다면 결혼이주 여성에게 가장 적절한 보건의료서비스를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.617-626
• /
• 2011

포스트텐션 경량 콘크리트(LWC) 보 시험체 7개가 상부 대칭 2점 집중 하중 하에서 실험되었다. 주요 변수는 부착 주철근 양 및 유효 프리스트레스 양이다. 경량 콘크리트의 설계강도 및 단위 용적 중량은 각각 30 MPa과 1,770 $kg/m^3$이다. 포스트텐션 보통 중량 콘크리트에서와 같이 균열 진전과 비부착 긴장재의 응력은 부착 철근 및 유효 프리스트레스 양에 의해 영향을 받았다. 부착 철근 및 유효 프리스트레스 양의 증가와 함께 보의 사용성과 휨 내력은 향상되는 반면 비부착 긴장재의 응력은 감소하였다. 포스트텐션 경량 콘크리트 보의 균열 제어를 위해서는 ACI 318-08에서 제시하는 최소 부착 철근이 요구되었다. 포스트텐션 경량 콘크리트 보의 휨 거동 및 비부착 긴장재의 응력 증가는 제시된 비선형 해석 모델에 의해 적절하게 예측될 수 있었다. 반면 ACI 318-08 기준은 포스트텐션 LWC 보의 휨 내력 및 비부착 긴장재의 응력 증가에 대해 지나치게 안전측에 있었다.