• Title/Summary/Keyword: Behavior Observation

검색결과 983건 처리시간 0.025초

심층강화학습 라이브러리 기술동향 (A Survey on Deep Reinforcement Learning Libraries)

  • 신승재;조충래;전홍석;윤승현;김태연
    • 전자통신동향분석
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.87-99
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    • 2019
  • Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning paradigm that forces agents to repeat the observation-action-reward process to assess and predict the values of possible future action sequences. This allows the agents to incrementally reinforce the desired behavior for a given observation. Thanks to the recent advancements of deep learning, reinforcement learning has evolved into deep reinforcement learning that introduces promising results in various control and optimization domains, such as games, robotics, autonomous vehicles, computing, industrial control, and so on. In addition to this trend, a number of programming libraries have been developed for importing deep reinforcement learning into a variety of applications. In this article, we briefly review and summarize 10 representative deep reinforcement learning libraries and compare them from a development project perspective.

Time-Lapse 촬영방법을 이용한 도심 광장의 이용행태에 관한 연구 -청량리 역광장을 사례로- (The Observationi of User Behaviors of the Urban Plaza using Time-Lapse Record-A case study of Chungryangri Station Plaza-)

  • 조창완;진양교
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.199-212
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    • 1998
  • The ultimate goal of this study can be summed up as follows: First, the utility of Time-Lapse that observes and records people's behavior will be shown and its merits and demerits will be discussed through comparing with other data-collecting methods such as the naked- eye observation, and the specific way in which Time-Lapse can be put to use will be suggested. Second, analysis of use behavior boserved in the plaza of Chungryangri station by Time-Lapse will be made, on the basis of which suggestions will be made concerning planing, designing, layout, and management of the station plaza. Time-Lapse can observe and records the plaza of Chungryangri Staton through 6 different ways of recording in Time-Lapse: 30 seconds, every minute, every two minutes, second every five minutes, every one tenth of a second, and every one fifth of a second, and these different ways of recording were analyzed through comparison from one to each other to check their respective utilities. And also analysis of tracks of pedestrians, density, and use behavior of users were made, according to which the way in which Time-Lapse can be utilized was examined. Several useful results obtained from this study are shown as follows. First, Time-Lapse made it possible to continuously observe for a long time using minimu efforts, and a single tape which is able to cover from 12 hours up to 25 days is useful for observing variation of behavior in space with the passage of time and seasons. Second, among six ways of recording, the recording every one tenth of a second and every one fifth of a second are useful for finding the tracks of pedestrians, the number of users, the member compositions, the time spent in one place, and manner of use. And besides the moving direction and its purpose can be recognized in a short time, which makes it possile to see where crossings of moving directions occur. Third, the recording every thirty seconds, every minute, every two minutes, and every five minutes are useful for analyzing the density in space as well as for finding the number of users and frequency of facilities use. In particular the recording every thirty seconds made it possible to keep the track of pedestrians' walking, and to observe even slowly moving motions such as cleaning. But when the recording interval exceeds one minute, this was not possible. Fourth, time-lapse has advantages over the naked eye observation in several respects. Time-lapse can measure observed behavior and density in terms of number, and locate the position of users. Time-Lapse, if accompanied by other methods such as interviewing and question that can examine psychological aspects like satisfaction or the purpose of use and be a useful device for space studies.

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대학 구내 휴게음식점 종사자의 손 위생관리에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Hand Hygiene of Food Handlers of Food Court and Cafeteria in University Campus)

  • 김종규;박정영;김중순
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.133-142
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 대학 구내 휴게음식점 종사자의 손 씻기 의식과 실천, 그리고 그들의 손의 오염지표미생물 오염도를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 일개 대학 구내 휴게음식점의 조리종사자를 대상으로 설문조사, 관찰조사, 그리고 미생물 시험을 행하였다. 설문조사는 개별 직접면접을 통해 이루어졌으며, 관찰조사는 화장실에서 대상자가 알아차리지 못하도록 수행되었다. 손의 미생물 오염도 실험은 식품공전에 따라 수행하였다. 설문조사 응답에 비해서 관찰조사에서는 손 씻기와 손 위생관리가 매우 미흡하였다. 설문조사와 관찰조사 사이에 화장실 사용 후 손 씻기 실천/이행 여부, 시간, 사용 제제, 씻는 부위, 손 말리는 방법, 물의 온도, 그리고 물 잠그는 방법에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 대상자의 손에서 작업 전에 비하여 물로 손을 씻은 후에는 일반세균, 총대장균군, 분변성대장균 및 대장균 오염도가 낮게 나타났으며, 향균비누로 손을 씻은 후에는 포도상구균을 포함하여 모두 불검출이었다. 설문조사와 관찰조사를 통해 대상 종사자의 손 씻기 의식과 실천에는 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 일부 종사자의 손에서 대장균군, 분변성대장균군, 대장균 및 황색포도상구균이 검출되어 손 씻기 실천/이행 및 손 위생관리가 불량함이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 이들 휴게음식점 종사자의 양호하지 못한 손 위생관리와 ��거절한 손 씻기가 개선되어야 하고 개인위생과 식품안전을 위한 교육 및 훈련이 더 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

외래진료부문 정신건강의학과 이용자 행태 관찰 연구 (A Study on the User Behavior in the Outpatient Department of Psychiatry)

  • 이현지;이해경;채철균
    • 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: This study is to derive the behavioral characteristics of the users appear in the outpatient department of psychiatry. Methods: By referencing John Zeisel's Tools for environment-behavior research, observation of user behavior and expert interviews as a method of the study has been carried out. Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, adjacent placement among children, youth and regular the outpatient department of psychiatry is necessary and easy access to internal medicine department and family medicine department is required in order to allow cooperated treatments. Secondly, depending on the characteristics of the outpatient department of psychiatry treatment, adjustment of space requirement or the change of kinds of necessary space is required. Third, considering the psychological and behavioral characteristics of mental illness and guardians, various search for the environment that can support this. Implications: This study is a basic research for space improvement and evaluation of the outpatient department of psychiatry, and need to be followed by further study using various perspectives and methods.

Ingestive Behavior of Lambs Confined in Individual and Group Stalls

  • Filho, A. Eustaquio;Carvalho, G.G.P.;Pires, A.J.V.;Silva, R.R.;Santos, P.E.F.;Murta, R.M.;Pereira, F.M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.284-289
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    • 2014
  • The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs confined in individual and group stalls. We used thirty-four lambs in their growing phase, aged an average of three months, with mean initial live weight of $17.8{\pm}5.2$ kg. They were allotted in a completely randomized design with 24 animals kept in individual stalls and 10 animals confined as a group. The experiment lasted for a total of 74 days, and the first 14 days were dedicated to the animals' adaption to the management, facilities and diets. The data collection period lasted 60 days, divided into three 20-d periods for the behavior evaluation. The animals were subjected to five days of visual observation during the experiment period, by the quantification of 24 h a day, with evaluations on the 15th day of each period and an interim evaluation consisting of two consecutive days on the 30th and 31st day of the experiment. The animals confined as a group consumed less (p<0.05) fiber. However, the animals confined individually spent less (p<0.05) time on feeding, rumination and chewing activities and longer in idleness. Therefore, the lower capacity of lambs confined in groups to select their food negatively affects their feeding behavior.

연세 개방주의 교육과정에 기초한 유아 행동발달척도 타당화 연구 (A Validation Study of the Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children based on the Yonsei Open Education Curriculum)

  • 박경자;정영선;박미현;우현경;방은영;최선화
    • 한국보육지원학회지
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.43-64
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    • 2017
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children based on the Yonsei Open Education Curriculum. Methods: The subjects of the study were 145 children aged three to six attending a preschool affiliated with a university and their teachers. Teachers observed their children for at least two weeks and completed the Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children. The scale consisted of five areas and 44 items which was a five level rubric. Results: Results showed that age differences were significant and development trends were revealed in almost all items. Second, the mean between the upper and lower groups showed a significant difference. Third, the internal consistency reliability was .97 for all items and for the five areas ranged from .86 to .93. The inter-observers reliability was .84. Forth, the concurrent validity and content validity of the scale were relatively high. Conclusion/Implications: The Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to assess preschool children's development.

구조화된 정보제공이 간경변증 환자의 지식과 자가간호 수행에 미치는 효과 (Effect of Structured Information Provided on Knowledge and Self Care Behavior of Liver Cirrhosis Patients)

  • 배희옥;서순림
    • 성인간호학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.476-485
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of structured information provided on knowledge and self-care behavior. The subjects of this study were both hospitalized patients and outpatients in K university hospital. The instrument use for this study were the knowledge assessment tool and self-care behavior assessment tool by Eom Soon-Ja(1998) and they were modified for liver cirrhosis patients. The data were analyzed by t-test, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficients using SAS program. The results of this study were as follows. The experimental group which had received structured information provided showed greater increased knowledge of liver cirrhosis(P=.001). The experimental group which had received the structured information provided indicated increased self-care performance rate, especially after information about diet(P=.001), activity and bed rest(P=.001), drug therapy and visiting the hospital(P=.001), prevention of a complication and observation(P=.001). In conclusion, structured information provided showed increased in the degree of knowledge and self-care behavior, so information showing is an effective nursing intervention. It is much needed to employ information showing for chronic patients.

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강섬유를 혼입한 철근콘크리트 보의 전단기둥에 관한 실험적 연구 (An experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams With Steel Fibrous)

  • 배주성;김경수;김재욱;최일
    • 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.557-560
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    • 1999
  • In civil engineering and construction field, recently the great enhancement of new material and building technique have been made by many studies and reports. These studies have attracted many countries, since 1980's those study on reinforcement with steel fiber have been done by America, Japan and the other countries. Designs and proposals on building method have been applied, several universities and laboratory centers in our country have been studied, but the study on field application is short. Also a part of study on the shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams with steel fiber has accomplished. but up to this time, reliable establishment is undone. Therefore, this study is performed the static loading test to analysis shear failure behavior in reinforced concrete beams with steel fiber. we have observed the limit load of shear force, primary bending crack load, primary diagonal crack load, evaluating relative of load and steel, crack increase and failure shape according to increase of load. Through the exam and the observation of output, we estimate the shear failure behavior of SFRC beams according to fiber mixing amount.

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국내 공공도서관의 이용자 행위조사.분석에 따른 공간구성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Spatial Configuration by Investigation and Analysis of user's behavior of Public Libraries in Korea)

  • 이수경;김용승
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.188-196
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    • 2008
  • The study aims to find out the changing aspects of contemporary Korean libraries so called public in terms of their spatial configuration. In so doing, it analysed 14 recently built libraries by investigation of user's behavior. Interview and observation were conducted as a method of investigation. The method of analysis was based on statistics by mapping spatial data. As the result, it could be said that most users have a clear goal in Korea. In some libraries, the distinct characteristics of behavior show that users visit other functional rooms including functional rooms for the purpose. It could be said that the configuration of space in recently public libraries become more public as a place. In view of domestic affairs, in terms of users need, the reading room for personal study have features of the most private room and a static activity. so that the reading room separate from the other functional rooms in floor, but it adjoin other functional rooms in the horizontal configuration. so its location make offset a role of functional rooms can be interactive with each other, except reading room.

Observation of Juvenile Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyi C.) School Response to the Approaching Vessel Using Scanning Sonar

  • Lee Yoo-Won;Miyashita Kazushi;Nishida Tsutomu;Harada Sei-Ichiro;Mukai Tohru;Iida Kohji
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.206-211
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    • 2002
  • The aim of this study was to obtain the basic data on the fish school behavior change to approaching vessel and fish species identification by means of their swimming speed. The surveys were carried out for the juvenile southern blue fin tuna and other fish schools off Esperance, western Australia from January to March 1999. We observed changes of fish school behavior in response to the approaching vessel using 360-degree scanning sonar. The results showed that, a horizontal direction index used to quantify a change of fish school behavior did not identify dependence of a radial distance and a swimming speed. A Mann­Whitney test conducted using the horizontal swimming speed of both species identified by sonar specialists, did not reveal a significant difference.