• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 2000

The relationships between children's health behavior and variables that effect children's health behavior has been investigated in a number of previous studies. This study was conducted to examine the effects of a peer's social reinforcement on children's dental health behavior in an elementary school. The research design was a nonequivalent pre and post-test quasi-experimental design and the study subjects with one hundred and thirteen eight to nine years old children, and their mothers (57 experimental group, 56 control group) were selected as a study group. Subjects were selected by the convenience sampling method. The study was carried out in an elementary school in Namwon city, Korea, from the 26th of April to the 12th of June in 1999. Data were collected in both the pre and post-test portions. Using the "Health Belief Model", each item of the questionnaire for measurement of dental health behavior was modified and administered for the children and their mothers. The questionnaire for the measurement of dental health behavior was developed by Oh, Y.B.(1994). The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the questionnaire for children were .81, and for the mother were .79. In this study, the health belief model consists of "perceived susceptibility", "perceived seriousness", "perceived barrier", "perceived salience", and "perceived benefit". The questionnaire for the children was composed of 37 items, and the questionnaire for the mother was composed of 40 items. Data were analyzed by frequency, ${\chi}^2-test$, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation, and multiple regression analysis by a SAS program. The results of this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The first hypothesis that the experimental group would have more change in the frequency of brushing per week than that of control group was accepted(t=3.817, p=0.000). Mean tooth brushing scores in the experimental group improved significantly from pre-test to post-test, but in the control group there was no significant improvement in tooth brushing scores. 2. The second hypothesis that the experimental group would have more change in score of dental health behavior than that of control group was accepted(benefit : t=2.804, p=0.006, salience: t=2.608, p=0,010). An evaluation between the experimental group and the control group showed significant change from pre-test to post-test in health behavior scores. 3. The third hypothesis that higher scores of social reinforcement would create more change in the scores of tooth brushing frequency in the experimental group was accepted(${\beta}$=0.169, p=0.000. Multiple regression was used to examine the peer's social reinforcement scores and the relative influence of significant variables in previous ANOVA and Pearson's correlation test on children's frequency of brushing during the post-test. The results of the study indicated that the combination of social reinforcement of peers with variables pertaining to mother and householder were significantly related and effectively improved a child's tooth brushing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.121-128
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• 2004

A constiutive model was proposed in order to model dilatancy under $K_0$ conditions. The model includes an anisotropic hardening rule with bounding surface and hypothetical peak stress ratio and dilatancy function which are dependent on a state parameter. The triaxial stress-strain relationship under $K_0$ conditions was calculated reasonably by the proposed model. In particular the model could consistently predict dilatancy in volume change, softening with peak strength and small strain behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

Atmospheric and oceanic numerical models are usually initial-value and/or boundary-value problems. Change in either initial or boundary conditions leads to a variation of model solutions. Much of the predictability research has been done on the response of model behavior to an initial value perturbation. Less effort has been made on the response of model behavior to a boundary value perturbation. In this study, we use the latest version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM3) to study the model uncertainty to tiny SST errors. The results show the urgency to investigate the second kind predictability problem for the climate models.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5133-5138
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and a major public health problem in developing countries. However, early detection and treatment may be achieved by breast self-examination (BSE). Despite the importance of BSE in reducing the incidence of breast cancer and esultant deaths, the disease continues to be the most common cause of cancer death among women in Iran.This study aimed to determine the effects of self-care education on performance of BSE among women referring to health centers in our country. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental interventional study with pretest/posttest control group design was conducted on 168 women referred to health centers. The data were collected using a validated researcher-made questionnaire including demographic variables and trans-theoretical model constructs as well as a checklist assessing BSE behavior. The instruments were administered to groups with and without self-care education before, a week after, and 10 weeks after the intervention. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (version 19) and analyzed using independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square, and Friedman tests (p<0.05). Results: The results showed an increase in the intervention group's mean scores of trans-theoretical model constructs (stages of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change) and BSE behavior compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed the effectiveness of aneducational intervention based ona trans-theoretical model in performing BSE. Therefore, designing educational interventions based on this model is recommended to improve women's health and reduce deaths due to breast cancer.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 2008

The long-term behaviors of prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridges are considerably influenced by the time dependant material characteristics such as creep and shrinkage. This study investigated the influences of the change of relative humidity by application of the CEB-FIP model and ACI model, which are generally used in the prediction of long-term behavior of concrete structures. In case of the moment of girder, CEB-FIP model predicted a bigger effect of relative humidity change than the ACI model. Furthermore, the effect was significant. Also, the long-term behaviors between these models were different each other even under the same material condition. Therefore, the prediction of the long-term behavior should be compensated after comparative analysis with the results of material tests of each construction site and between the different models.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.163-173
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• 2012

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to check the possibilities of traffic pattern analysis using MatSIM for urban road network operation in incident case. METHODS : One of the stochastic dynamic models is MatSIM. MatSIM is a transportation simulation tool based on stochastic dynamic model and activity based model. It is an open source software developed by IVT, ETH zurich, Switzerland. In MatSIM, various scenario comparison analyses are possible and analyses results are expressed using the visualizer which shows individual vehicle movements and traffic patterns. In this study, trip distribution in 24-hour, traffic volume, and travel speed using MatSIM are similar to those of measured values. Therefore, results of MatSIM are reasonable comparing with measured values. Traffic patterns are changed according to incident from change of individual behavior. RESULTS : The simulation results and the actual measured values are similar. The simulation results show reasonable ranges which can be used for traffic pattern analysis. CONCLUSIONS : The change of traffic pattern including trip distribution, traffic volumes and speeds according to various incident scenarios can be used for traffic control policy decision to provide effective operation of urban road network.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stage of exercise behavior using Transtheoretical Model in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: The study method was a survey in 100 type 2 DM patients at out-patients clinic of Y medical center from March 19, 2000 to October 30, 2000. Result: The results were as follows: The subjects were divided into five stages of exercise behavior ; 15.0% in pre-contemplation stage, 33.0% in contemplation stage, 17.0% in preparation stage, 16.0% in action stage and 19.0% in maintenance stage. The subjects in pre-contemplation stage used all processes of change in the least. "Dramatic relief(DR)", "Environmental reevaluation(ER)" and "Self reevaluation(SR)" were identified as main processes of change in contemplation stage. "Consciousness raising(CR)", "DR" were used higher than average in preparation stage. Helping relationships(HR)", "CR", "ER", "SR", "Social liberation(SL)", "Counter conditioning (CC)", "Reinforcement management(RM)", "Self iberation(SEL)" and "Stimulus control(SC)" were used higher than average in action stage. The subjects in maintenance stage used all process of change the highest except "DR"and "HR". "Cons" score of decisional balance was the highest in pre-contemplation stage, "Pros" score was the highest in action stage and "Self-efficacy" score was the highest in maintenance stage. Conclusion: This study can provide the basis of staged matching exercise program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.433-443
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• 2009

For the better understanding of the temporal characteristics of soil water, this study is to suggest a stochastic soil water model and to apply it for impact assessment of climate change. The loss function is divided into 3 stages for more specified comprehension of the probabilistic behavior of soil water, and especially, the soil water model considering the stochastic characteristics of precipitation is developed in order to consider the variation of climatic factors. The simulation result of soil water model confirms that the proposed soil water model can re-generate the observation properly, and it also proves that the soil water behaves with consistent cycle based on the precipitation pattern. Moreover, with the simulation results with a climate change scenario, it can be predicted that the future soil water will have higher variations than present soil water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1992.04b
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• pp.282-292
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• 1992

It is not rare to observe that a decision-maker frequently changes his choice strategy in the repetitive gamble choice situation. This change in risk preference attitude, however, is not well explained with the existing gamble choice models, such as Bell's disappointment-elation model which is an interesting extension of the classical MEU model. The paper shows that this change in risk preference attitude should be interpreted as a systematic transition of "d" and "e", the disappointment and elation constants of Bell's model. A laboratory experiment is also performed to identify the factors which greatly affect the decision-makers' risk preference attitude change. The number of consecutive successes/failures and the amount of remaining capital found to be statistically significant factors.significant factors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.173-189
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• 2023

For a given structural geometry, the stiffness and damping parameters of the soil and the dynamic response of the structure may change in the face of an equivalent linear soil behavior caused by a strong earthquake. Therefore, the influence of equivalent linear soil behavior on the impedance functions form and the seismic response of the soil-structure system has been investigated. Through the substructure method, the seismic response of the selected structure was obtained by an analytical formulation based on the dynamic equilibrium of the soil-structure system modeled by an analog model with three degrees of freedom. Also, the dynamic response of the soil-structure system for a nonlinear soil behavior and for the two types of impedance function forms was also analyzed by 2D finite element modeling using ABAQUS software. The numerical results were compared with those of the analytical solution. After the investigation, the effect of soil nonlinearity clearly showed the critical role of soil stiffness loss under strong shaking, which is more complex than the linear elastic soil behavior, where the energy dissipation depends on the seismic motion amplitude and its frequency, the impedance function types, the shear modulus reduction and the damping increase. Excellent agreement between finite element analysis and analytical results has been obtained due to the reasonable representation of the model.