• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

This paper has attempted to propose a more progressive direction for U-environmental sculptures in a ubiquitous urban space in terms of usability, service, function and formative characteristics that enhance user satisfaction with these sculptures. For this, Media Pole, a U-environmental sculpture on Gangnam U-Street, has been examined. The results of this study are as follows: First, a study of user satisfaction was planned after establishing levels of satisfaction in terms of service, function and formative characteristics. In terms of satisfaction by the section of Media Pole, the public transportation map was the most influential in service while street culture and beauty of shape were critical in function and formative characteristics, respectively. In the relationship between satisfaction by section and overall satisfaction, furthermore, functional satisfaction had the biggest influence. Therefore, the development of human-centered functional factors which have pleasant and touching stories to facilitate communication with citizens are important in order to develop various Media Pole contents to enhance user satisfaction with the U-environmental sculpture and allow it evolve into a Gangnam landmark Since we are in the initial stage of a U-city, there are many problems that need to be addressed such as a lack of natural beauty, poor material quality of environmental sculptures, absence of storytelling, poor technology, lack of content, poor profitability and lack of means of social communication. In the end, the development of a comfortable, people-friendly space and U-environmental sculptures are needed in consideration of economic, social and cultural aspects instead of focusing on advanced technology only.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present data on the human activities responding to the physical environment of ‘Ulsan’s Grand Parks by evaluating user behavior and activity, visiting motivations, and user satisfaction. This study was conducted using multi-methods such as interviews and questionnaires surveys. The main findings of this study can be summarized in six parts as follows: \circled1 Behavior patterns showed that the users visited the park left within 30 minutes and the frequency of visits was 1 or 2 times per week. They spent their time mostly on ‘walking’ and ‘picnicking’. The users visited regardless of the seasons or the day of the week. \circled2 The priorities for improvements were analyzed as follows: the users expressed their demands for ‘shadowing facilities’ like shelters and pergolas because they used these facilities frequently. Also, the users would like an ‘event program’, ‘sign system’ and ‘guide program’. \circled3 Analysis of the the user’s perception of the park showed that they perceive the park as ‘representative source of the landscape and open space in Ulsan and place for making contact with nature. \circled4 In examining the visiting motivations of the users of Ulsan Grand Park, it was revealed that people use the park for ‘time with family and friends’, ‘to escape from city life’, ‘to relieve fatigue. As a result of factor analysis, 4 factors were identified such as ‘physical motive(MF1)’, ‘exploratory motive(MF2)’, ‘social motive(MF3)’ and ‘emotional motive(MF4). \circled5 Park users’ evaluation for park facilities showed that people are satisfied with most of the facilities and especially, they have high level of satisfaction for ‘footpaths’, ‘squares’ and ‘picnicspace’. The evaluation of the park user’s of activity reveals that they are content with nearly all the variables. Especially, they have high level of satisfaction for the variables of ‘convenience for dynamic activities’, ‘making of a beautiful atmosphere, ‘accessibility from the outside’ and, ‘convenience in group activitie. Factor analysis of the park user’s of activity revealed 5 factors such as ‘convenience and interest factor (AF1)’, ‘park maintenance, management and use program(AF2)’, ‘visual beauty(AF3)’, ‘safety and accessibility(AF4)’ and ‘crowding(AF5)’. \circled6 Regression analysis was employed to get the predictor factors of overall satisfaction with a result of 60.0%($R^2$). The variance was explained as ‘quality of the picnic space’, ‘convenience and interest factor while using the park’, ‘park program for maintain and management in the park’, ‘visually beauty while using the park’, ‘safety and accessibility of the parks’, ‘quality of the pond’, ‘crowding’, ‘quality of the square’.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.284-295
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• 2019

Celebrities form a dominant culture of one era and are cultivating influence to lead new fashion. Domestic women celebrities attending Seoul Fashion Week build their image as a fashion leader by exposing their own fashion aesthetics to the public. This promotes PR and sales of the brand of fashion designers in the collection. This study considers the fashion trends of women celebrities by analyzing the fashion style of women celebrities in Seoul Collection over the recent five years. The results of this study on contents analysis are as follows. First, straight silhouettes, achromatic colors, and an absence of a pattern or decoration comprised a high proportion. Celebrities preferred a modern and minimal style. Second, they preferred a feminine style that shows traditional feminine beauty through slim and princess silhouettes, one-piece dress or skirts, soft materials, and decorations with ruffles. In addition, as a matching jacket on one-piece dresses also appeared, it showed that celebrities attempted to change the chic feminine style with masculine beauty. Third, boxy silhouettes, multi-color mixed with colorful colors, graphic or lettering patterns, glittering materials and lots of details comprised a high proportion. This means celebrities pursue a maximal style that reveals their strong presence as fashion leaders.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.294-301
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• 2019

This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extracted Pyracantha angustifolia (PE) or hot water extracted P. angustifolia (PW) using natural plant sources. In the DPPH and ABTS assay, the PE extracts showed the highest activity with an IC₅₀ of 3.78 ㎍/mL, IC₅₀ of 510.57 ㎍/mL, respectively. The total polyphenol content of PE extracts was 37.11±0.01 mgGAE/mL and PW extracts was 11.46±0.01 mgGAE/mL in a 1 mg/mL. The MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity at all concentration of two extracts in mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. In addition, PE extracts strongly inhibited the production of NO, TNF-α cytokine secretion, and iNOS/TNF-α mRNA expression stimulated by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that P. angustifolia, especially the ethanol extracts (PE), can be used as a cosmetic material containing natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.194-202
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• 2021

The leaves of Selaginella tamariscina were used for the treatment of many diseases in traditional medicine. In the study, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of the hot-water extract(STW) and 80%ethanol extract(STE) obtained from S. tamariscina were evaluated. As a result, the polyphenol content of STW and STE were 38.108±0.766 mg/g and 17.927±1.064 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities with the IC50 values of the STW were over 2 times lower than that of the STE. In the MTT assay, RAW264.7 cell viability of two extracts was decreased by about 6% at 1 mg/mL, whereas for HaCaT cell viability increased by 18% at 50 ㎍/mL. In addition, STW and STE suppressed the production of nitric oxide(NO), Tumor-necrosis(TNF)-��. COX-2 and PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the STE showed wound healing effect through the promotion of skin cell migration in TNF-�� stimulated human keratinocytes. These results indicated that the STW and STE have the potential to be used as a new cosmetic active ingredients in skin care.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.218-226
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the possibility of Kaempferia Galanga(KG) hot water extract on the antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory efficacy as a cosmetic ingredient. Antioxidant effects were evaluated based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP assay, and total polyphenol contents. The MTT assay was used to confirm the cell toxicity in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Anti-inflammatory effects were also investigated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by measuring secretion of NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression level. As a result, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) was the highest at 5 mg/mL as 24.5 uM. The measurements of total polyphenol content was $1.28{\pm}0.064mg\;GAE/g$. The cytotoxicity of the KG extract results showed no cytotoxicity at concentration of 0.625 to 2.5 mg/mL. In addition, the extract of KG significantly suppressed the LPS-induced nitrite, $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion and the mRNA expression of iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that the KG hot water extracts can be used as a safe and functional cosmetic raw material.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.599-612
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• 2017

Human hair (HH) is produced as a waste from beauty parlor and barbershop. HH-based adhesives were formulated with NaOH-hydrolyzed HH, $H_2SO_4$-hydrolyzed chicken blood (CB) and PF as a crosslinking agent. Physicochemical properties and retention rate against hot water of the adhesives were measured to investigate the potential of HH as a raw material of wood adhesives. HH was composed of keratin-type protein of 80% and over. Ash of less than 0.1% was contained in HH. Among the amino acids included in HH, glutamic acid showed the highest content, followed by cysteine, serine, arginine and threonine. Solid content of the adhesives ranged from 33.2% to 41.8% depending on hydrolysis conditions of HH and PF type. Viscosity at $25^{\circ}C$ ranged from 300 to $600mPa{\cdot}s$ resulting in a sprayable adhesive. Retention rate against hot water measured to evaluate the water resistance of adhesives was the highest in the cured resin formulated with 5% NaOH-hydrolyzed HH and 5% $H_2SO_4$-hydrolyzed CB. Meanwhile, the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol in PF did not have a significant impact on the retention rate of HH-based adhesives. When the retention rates of HH-based adhesives were compared to those of conventional wood adhesive resins used for the production of wood-based panels extensively, HH-based adhesives formulated with 30 wt% PF showed lower retention rate than commercial urea-formaldehyde resin. However, when PF content was increased to 35 wt%, the retention rate greatly increased and approached to that of commercial melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin. Except for the results mentioned above, the analysis of economic feasibility suggests that HH-based adhesives can be used for the production of wood-based panels if HH is hydrolyzed in proper conditions and then the HH-based adhesives are formulated by the HH hydrolyzates with 35 wt% PF.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.476-481
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• 2005

This study was carried out to analyze the components of the Angelica dahurica root for the studies of the physiological function. General components of A. dahurica root were 71.7% moisture, 10.6% carbohydrate, 9.3% crude protein, 6.6% crude ash and 1.9% crude fat. The content of reducing sugar was 1,850 mg/100 g. The total amount of free sugar was 80 mg/100 g, in which 19.3 mg/100 g fructose, 27.8 mg/100 g glucose, 28.4 mg/100 g sucrose and 4.5 mg/100 g maltose were present. In the results of mineral analysis, the content of K was the highest(2,145.03 mg/100 g) followed by 286.35 mg/100 g Mg and 145.23 mg/100 g Ca. The total amount of hydrolyzed amino acid was 71.68 mg/100 g, in which 20.98 mg/100 g essential amino acid and 50.70 mg/100 g of non-essential amino acid were present. Among them, proline(11.74 mg/100 g) was the highest. Total free amino acids were contained 17.04 mg/100 g, in which 6.67 mg/100 g of essential amino acids and 10.37 mg/100 g of non-essential amino acids were present. Among them alanine(5.96 mg/100 g) was the highest. Total content of amino acid derivatives was 3.37 mg/100 g.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.351-359
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, blood profiles and meat quality of broilers, Korean native chickens and white semi broilers under identical feeding conditions. Sixty 1-d chicks of each type were randomly placed into 12 pens per cage (5 chicks per cage) and fed commercial diets for 28, 49, and 28 days, respectively. The broilers showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance from 0 to 4 weeks compared with the other types. Korean native chickens had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen than that of the other species. The blood glucose was significantly higher in the Korean native chickens compared to the other species, and the blood cholesterol was significantly lower. The Lactobacillus content in Korean native chickens was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the other species, and the E. coli content in the broilers was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Korean native chickens and white semi broilers. In terms of meat quality, the breast meat of the broilers had a high water content and pH level. The breast meat of the white semi broilers had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) shear force than that of the other species. In conclusion, there was an interspecific physiological difference due to the age and body weight of the chickens. The broilers had a higher growth performance and meat quality compared to the Korean native chickens and white semi broilers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.90-103
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• 2009

The poem 'Kyungjusipiyung(慶州十二詠)' written by Seo, Geo-jeong(徐居正) describes sentiments felt for the ruined historical and cultural landscape of Silla's capital city, Kyungju. It differs from the existing 'Eight Sceneries(八景)' as it conveys the strong metaphorical aesthetics of ruins as the episodes and figures are sung, as well as the myths and stories related to the representative holy places of the Silla culture: Gyelim(鷄林), Banwolseong(半月城), Najeong(蘿井), Oneung(五陵), Geumosan(金鰲山), the scenic beauty of deep placeness, Poseokjeong(鮑石亭), Mooncheon(蚊川), Cheomseongdae(瞻星臺), Boonhwangsa(芬皇寺), Youngmyosa(靈妙寺) and Grave of the General Kim Yu-Sin(金庾信墓). Compared with the former "Eight Sceneries" Poems, including Seo Geojeong's 'Kyungjusipiyung', there is a difference in the content of theme recitation, as well as in structure and form, especially with the deep impression of the classical features of the meanings and acts. The sequence of theme recitation seems to be composed of more than two visual corridors visited during trips that last longer than two days. The dominant emotions expresses in this poem, through written in the spring, are regret and sadness such as 'worn', 'broken and ruined', 'old and sad', without touching on the beauty of nature and the taste for life that is found in most of the Eight Sceneries Poems. Thus, the feelings of the reciter himself, Seo, Geo-jeong, about the described sceneries and their symbolism are more greatly emphasized than the beauty of form. The characteristic aspect of his experiences of ruins expressed from 'Kyungjusipiyung' is that the experiences were, first of all, qualitative of the aura conveyed; that is, the quality omnipresent throughout the culture of Silla as reflected in the twelve historical and cultural landscapes. In this poem, the cultural ruins of the invisible dimension such as the myths and legends are described by repetition, parallelism, juxtaposition, reflection and admiration from the antiphrases, as well as the civilized ruins of the visible dimension such as the various sceneries and features of Kyungju. This seems to be characteristic of the methods by which Seo, Geo-jeong appreciates 'Silla' in the poem 'Kyungjusipiyung'. Ruins as an Aesthetic Object imply the noble pride of Seo, Geo-jeong in identifying himself with the great nature of ruins. In 'Kyungjusipiyung', the images of the ruins of Silla and Kyungju are interspersed in spite of his positive recognition of 'the village of Kyungju' based on his records. However, though the concept of ruins has a pessimistic tone connoting the road of extinction and downfall, the aspect here seems to ambivalently contain the desire to recover and revive Kyungju through the Chosun Dynasty as adominant influence on the earlier Chosun's literary tide. The aesthetics of the scenery found in Seo, Geo-jeong's 'Kyungjusipiyung' contain the strongest of metaphor and symbolism by converting the experiences of the paradoxical ruins into the value of reflective experiences.